Li, a hundred surnames.

Li surname, according to the statistical results of the 6th national census on 20 10, the population of Li surname in Chinese mainland is over 95 million, accounting for 7.9% of the national Han population.

In the history of China, there are more than 60 emperors and kings with Li, who successively established the regimes of Dacheng, Xiliang, Wu, Wei, Tang, Chu, Later Tang, Nantang, Dashu, Xixia and Dashun.

Historical distribution of Li surname

Origin and evolution

The origin of the surname Li and the ancestors of the surname Li can be summarized as follows:

1, the origin of the surname win.

In other words, Li's surname is won, and his blood ancestor is the leader of Dongyi nationality.

Gulizi

Yan surname or win surname), was appointed as Shun's Dali (an official in charge of criminal law), so he took Li as a butler (? Lee? Ancient Chinese characters are interlinked [5-6]), first for Li, then for Li. [7-9] The ancestor of Li surname is Li Li, and Li Er is the first 1 1 world.

2. Li Shu's totem theory. In other words, Li's surname originated from totem worship and thought it was totem.

Li Yin became an official in Dali and got his surname Li. Later, he took refuge for food. Because they eat wild plums, they are cultivated as domestic plum trees, and plum trees are regarded as sacred trees, that is, totem trees. Therefore, all descendants of Li often plant Li as a symbol next to the house, and this habit has been preserved to this day. Li Baijia had a peach and plum garden, and many plum trees were planted in the palace garden of the Tang Dynasty.

3, the source of Ji surname (tiger totem) said.

In Shang Dynasty, there was a descendant of Zhou surnamed Ba, who lived in Zhong Lishan (now northwest of Changyang, Hubei). After the destruction of commerce, Ba people were named Ba Zi State (now Banan District, Chongqing). In 306 AD, Ba people established a great country in Sichuan, which was called Cheng Han in history. This was the first dynasty established by Li in China.

plum

There is a view that Li's totem is not a plum tree but a tiger. The totem of Laozi's birthplace in Li Er, Chen Chu is a tiger, but? Li Er? Namely Chu language? Tiger? . Ba people regard the tiger as a totem, and Ba people read the tiger as Li. When the tiger totem evolved into a surname, the Ba people respected the surname of the Han people, so they used Li according to the sound.

It originated from giving surname and restoring Li.

During the Shu and Han Dynasties, Zhuge Liang gave local ethnic minorities surnames such as Zhao, Zhang, Yang and Li.

During the Han and Jin dynasties, nomadic minorities in the north attached themselves to it, and some Xiongnu and Xianbei people were given surnames such as Liu and Li.

During the Northern Wei Dynasty, after Emperor Xiaowen moved to Luoyang, he implemented a comprehensive sinicization policy in culture, and the Xianbei people resumed their surnames and sealed Li [14]. Xianbei Tuoba, a royal family in the Northern Wei Dynasty, is actually a descendant of Li Ling, a general of the Han nationality.

Li Xixia's royal family was given the surname Li at the end of the Tang Dynasty. In fact, it was to restore the surname Li, because the Xixia royal family was the descendant of Li Ling, a general of the Han Dynasty.

In the Tang Dynasty, the royal family gave ministers or military commanders family names, including Xu, Tai, An, Du, Hu, Hong, Guo, Ma, Xian Yu, Zhang, Abu, Sariputra, Zhu Xie, Dong and Luo. Later, they were named Li, Li Hemo and Persians by the royal family for their contribution to the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC).

Migration distribution

In the pre-Qin period, Li's activities began in Henan, and by the end of the Warring States period, Li's activities expanded to Shanxi, Hebei, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Hubei and other places. The Qin and Han Dynasties was an important stage of Li's migration. After Qin Shihuang pacified South Vietnam and Ou, Li began to enter Guangdong and Guangxi. Descendants of Li Er entered Gansu, developed into aristocrats named Li in Longxi, and those who lived in Hebei became famous families named Li in Zhao County. East to Shandong, southeast to Jiangxi, Zhejiang and Jiangsu, south to the South China Sea and Beibu Gulf. The Tang Dynasty was the heyday of Li's surname, and Li's surname spread to Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty 19 in Longxi for 289 years. Li's surname is a national surname, and there are Li's relatives and relatives everywhere, and the population of Li's surname is expanding rapidly. At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, Li began to enter Fujian and Hainan in large numbers. During the Ming Dynasty, Li entered Taiwan Province Province.

In the past 600 years, the degree and direction of Li's population movement were very different from those in Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties, especially the migration from the east to Central China and North China was greater than that from the north to the southeast. At the same time, the migration to the southwest and northeast has become an important flow direction.

The Tang Dynasty was a period of rapid expansion of the Li nationality. Most of the descendants of Zhao, Li Jue and Tang imperial clan were dignitaries. Polygamy made Li's family prosperous and became the most popular surname in China at that time. However, with the change of state affairs, in the Tang Dynasty, many people surnamed Li were exiled to the south, and many people fled to the whole country to escape the scourge, making Li's surname spread all over the country.

After the Tang Dynasty, due to various reasons, Li migrated more frequently and distributed more widely. Among them, there were more immigrants in Song Dynasty? The change of Jingkang? When moving south.

The regime change at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, as well as the "Battle of Jingnan" in Ming Dynasty, the main battlefields were arranged in parts of western Shandong, Hebei and northern Henan, which lasted for decades, causing people to make ends meet and flee everywhere, resulting in ten rooms and nine empty rooms.

After the political power was stabilized in the Ming Dynasty, people migrated from Pingyang, Taiyuan and other places in Shanxi (the genealogy of the Li family courtyard, the richest man in Shanxi, can prove the local prosperity and stability) to poor areas in North China (the records of scholars in the Ming Dynasty and the genealogy of the Li family in Yangquan can prove it).

Li's emigration began in the early Ming Dynasty. All the people who went to Ryukyu were from Fujian. They settled in Kumei Village, a suburb of Naha, Okinawa. It is said that in the 25th year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty gave it to Ryukyu Kingdom? Fujian people are so good at rowing that they salute each other? Among them is Li. Many people sent to Ryukyu in the Ming and Qing Dynasties were surnamed Li, all from China who moved to Ryukyu from Fujian.

In the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, after many years of war in Sichuan, in the seventh year of Kangxi (1668), Zhang De, the governor of Sichuan, wrote to the imperial court, requesting the imperial court to mobilize state staff to move to Sichuan. Most Li surnames in Sichuan moved from Huguangfu and other places, which formed? Huguang fills Sichuan? .

During the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, more Li people moved overseas.

Population distribution of Li surname

Domestic authoritative statistical analysis

In the Song Dynasty, there were about 5.6 million people surnamed Li, accounting for 7.2% of the national population, ranking second only to Wang Xing in the Song Dynasty. The province with the largest surname of Li is Hebei, accounting for 1 1.6% of the total population of Li in China. The distribution in China is mainly concentrated in Hebei, Sichuan, Henan and Shandong, and the population of Li in these four provinces accounts for about 44% of the total population in China. Secondly, it is distributed in Shaanxi, Jiangxi, Shanxi, Hunan and other places. The whole country has formed a crescent-shaped plum gathering area around the Central Plains, which consists of three plum gathering centers in Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Shanxi, Hunan and Jiangxi.

In the Ming Dynasty, there were about 5,654,380+million people surnamed Li, accounting for about 5.5% of the national population, ranking third in the Ming Dynasty, second only to Wang and Zhang. During the Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties, the population of Li declined instead of increasing. In 600 years, the total population of Li has decreased by 10%. This is closely related to the long-term war in the northern region, especially the brutal rule of the Yuan Dynasty. In the face of war and massacre, the victims are first of all Han Chinese, and Li is the most popular surname in the northern region, which has the heaviest natural losses. Jiangxi was the largest province with Li surname in Ming Dynasty, accounting for 13.3% of the total population of Li surname in China. The distribution in China is mainly concentrated in Jiangxi, Shanxi and Shandong, accounting for 32.7% of the total population of Li nationality. Secondly, it is distributed in Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Hebei, Fujian, Henan and other places. During the Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties, the overall distribution pattern of Li surname changed greatly. In addition to the sharp drop in population, its population mainly migrated from the north to the southeast. The country has re-formed two major areas where Li's population is concentrated: Jiangxi, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Fujian in the southeast, and Shanxi, Hebei, Henan and Shandong in the north. [ 16]

The population of contemporary Li surname has reached more than 92 million, accounting for about 7.38% of the national population. In the past 500 years, the population of Li nationality has soared from 565,438+10,000 to nearly 92 million, an increase of nearly 18 times. Li's population growth rate is higher than that of the whole country. At present, the distribution in China is mainly concentrated in Henan, Shandong, Sichuan and Hebei provinces, accounting for about 32% of the total population of Lebanon. Secondly, it is distributed in Guangdong, Hunan, Hubei, Yunnan and Anhui provinces, accounting for about 25% of the Li population. The density of Li surname in the three northeastern provinces is also high, accounting for about 10%. Henan is the largest province with Li surname, accounting for about 10.3% of the total population of Li surname. There are four high-density residential areas named Li in Central Plains, North China, Yun Chuan and Northeast China. [ 16]

Li surname is widely distributed, but it is not balanced. Li surname is the most common surname in southwest and north China. The schematic diagram of the distribution frequency of Li's surname in the crowd shows that in Yunnan, southern Sichuan, most of Henan, Hebei, Shandong, Shanxi, central Gansu and most of Jilin and Heilongjiang, Li's surname generally accounts for more than 8.8% of the local population, covering about 18% of the national map area, and about 30% of Li's population lives here. In most parts of Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia and Mongolia, eastern Sichuan, Chongqing, Guizhou, Hunan and Hubei, most parts of Guangxi and Guangdong, northern Jiangsu and Anhui, eastern Shandong, Liaoning and other places, the surname Li generally accounts for 6.6% of the local population? 8.8%, accounting for about 36% of the national map area, and about 5 1% of Li's population lives here; In most areas of Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Fujian and Taiwan Province, Jiangsu and Anhui, southern Guangxi, Hainan, eastern Guangdong, northwestern Xinjiang and western Gansu, Li generally accounts for 2.2% of the local population? 6.6%, accounting for about 2 1.6% of the land area, and about 19% of the Li population lives here.