How to treat the Soviet Union's development and construction of Central Asia

Central Asia is the most backward region in the economic and social development of the former Soviet Union, and it is also the region with the most complicated religious and ethnic relations. After the October Revolution, in order to help Central Asian countries embark on the road of common prosperity and eliminate de facto inequality, the Soviet Union began to implement a unique development strategy for Central Asia in the 1930s, focusing on economic construction and taking science and technology as the guide, and vigorously developing cultural and educational undertakings. This development strategy is not only different from the "western development model" of the United States (eliminating Indian aborigines and developing capitalist agriculture), but also different from the "Siberian development model" of the Soviet Union (developing energy and resources in a purely natural state).

The Soviet Union took the following concrete measures to ensure the effective implementation of the strategy of developing Central Asia:

Policy tilt. The Central Committee of the League has implemented an obvious tilt policy towards Central Asia in the case of very tight finance. During the "First Five-Year Plan" period (1929- 1932), the fixed funds of the whole Soviet Union increased by 289%, and those of the developed central regions were 199%, Kazakhstan was 549%, and the four Central Asian countries were 494%. Since the Second Five-Year Plan (1933- 1937), the proportion of Central Asian Union * * and countries in the industrial investment of the whole Soviet Union has obviously increased: Kazakhstan has increased from 2. 1% in the first five-year plan period to 3%, and the other four countries have increased from 1.6%. During the Third Five-Year Plan and the Second World War, this proportion increased to varying degrees. At the same time, during the period from the First Five-Year Plan to the Second Five-Year Plan, most of the financial budgets of Central Asian countries came from the central government, and the proportion of Tajikistan was as high as 80%. In addition, the state also enjoys preferential policies such as credit, profit exemption and tax exemption.

In addition, from the "First Five-Year Plan" period, the Central Alliance began to move enterprises in the central region to Central Asia with people and equipment in a planned and step-by-step manner. For example, during World War II, 308 large enterprises withdrew to Central Asia and built a large number of new enterprises.

Talent support. The economic take-off and social progress in Central Asia are directly related to the arrival of a large number of skilled workers, engineers and technicians and scientific and cultural talents in the central and western regions of the Soviet Union. During the First Five-Year Plan period, 25,000 professional technicians were sent to Turkmenistan alone, and 1.7 million Slavs came to Central Asia from 1.928 to 1.936. In addition, during World War II, as many as 25 million people moved to Central Asia, Urals and Siberia with enterprises. These people have played a key role in economic construction, science, culture and education in Central Asia.

The great reclamation movement. This is an important measure for Khrushchev to develop agriculture in the eastern region (mainly Kazakhstan). From 1954 to 1960, the state reclaimed 25.5 million hectares of wasteland in Kazakhstan through a lot of manpower and material resources (tens of billions of rubles and1200,000 immigrants), and established hundreds of state-owned farms, making Kazakhstan the second largest granary in the whole Soviet Union after Ukraine. 1960 Kazakhstan's grain. Since then, Kazakhstan's annual grain output has basically remained above 65,438+00% of the whole Soviet Union.