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Qin Shihuang (259 BC-265438 BC+00 BC) was a famous politician, strategist and emperor in China. His full name is Qin Shihuang, and his last name is Won. His surname is Zhao, yes, his son. Ying Zheng is also called because he was born in Zhao. Qin Shihuang/Kloc-became king at the age of 0/3, unified China at the age of 39, and established the Qin Dynasty, which was called the emperor in history. Qin Shihuang was the founder of the first multi-ethnic centralized and unified country in the history of China, and the first monarch to use the title of "Emperor" in the history of China, which had a far-reaching influence on the history of China and the world. Life [Editor] Life Qin Shihuang was born in 48 years of Qin Dynasty (259 BC) in Handan, the son of Wang Xiang and Zhao of Qin Zhuang, and the concubine. But there are also views that Qin Shihuang was the son of Lv Buwei. Sima Qian's Records of the Historian contains both of these statements: The statement in Records of the Historian Qin Shihuang's Biography is that Qin Shihuang is the son of an alien (that is, the king of Qin Zhuang). However, in the Biography of Historical Records and Lv Buwei [2], it is said that Lv Buwei gave Zhao Ji, who was pregnant with Lv Buwei's blood, to outsiders, that is, Qin Shihuang was the son of Lv Buwei, because Evonne was pregnant in December, so outsiders did not doubt it. Many people question the truth of Qin Shihuang's claim that he is the son of Lv Buwei, because according to common sense and medical statistics, twelve months' pregnancy is rare, and menopause, as a sign of pregnancy, will be doubted by strangers. But some people support this statement. However, some scholars believe that if Ying Zheng is the son of Lv Buwei, under the eyes of the Qin court, Ying Zheng will grow up like Wang Xiang or Lv Buwei in Qinzhuang, which is probably beyond Lv Buwei's power. Therefore, becoming Ying Zheng is one of the powerful empirical arguments of Wang Xiangzhi Zi in Qin Zhuang. [Editor] Qin is one of the Seven Heroes in the Warring States Period. Qin Zhaowang, the great-grandfather of Qin Shihuang, adopted the strategy of "making friends far away and attacking near", and selected the target of the attack as neighboring South Korea and Wei, uniting with Zhao in the distance. According to the practice at that time, Qin and Zhao exchanged hostages to show their sincerity. This is Zi Chu, the father of Qin Shihuang, who was sent to Zhao by the State of Qin. At that time, the status of barbarians in Qin was not very high. Lv Buwei was a key figure in the process of Qin Shihuang's accession to the throne. When he met an alien hostage in Zhao, he was already a rich businessman, but he had great political ambitions. He thought that aliens were "rare things to live in", and soon became good friends with aliens, and presented a beautiful Evonne (the mother of Qin Shihuang). In order to let strangers ascend to the throne in the future, he took out 10000 gold as capital, of which 5000 gold was given to strangers to make friends in Zhao Guoguang, and another 5000 gold was used to buy rare treasures, and then he personally took it to Qin State to please Prince An and his wife Huayang. Mrs. Huayang has no children. Lv Buwei persuaded Mrs Huayang to adopt an alien as her adopted son through her brother and sister, and Mrs Huayang persuaded Ann Guo Jun to adopt an alien as her adopted son, so that Mrs Huayang could avoid falling out of favor in her later years. Mrs. Huayang accepted this statement and met strangers in person. As Mrs Huayang was a nobleman married by Chu, she took a "homesickness offensive" and taught foreigners to wear Chu clothes and speak Chu language in advance, and foreigners themselves made appropriate responses. Mrs Huayang was so moved that foreigners changed their names to "Zi Chu" and adopted them. And persuaded a Guo Junren to let Zichu be his son. In this way, Man Zi changed from Ann Guo Jun's brother to his son, and his position in the State of Qin was greatly improved. In 25 1 year BC, Zhao Haoqi, the state of Qin, died, and Ann Guo Jun acceded to the throne, namely King Qin Xiaowen, Lady Huayang as the queen and Zi Chu as the prince. King Xiaowen's reign was very short, first he mourned for a year, and then he officially became king and died three days later. Subsequently, Zi Chu acceded to the throne, that is, King Xiang of Qin Zhuang, and Lv Buwei was appointed as Prime Minister and Minister Wen Xinhou. However, the reign of King Xiang Zhuang was not long, and he died three years later. In 247 BC, Ying Zheng, who was only 13 years old, ascended the throne of Qin. When he acceded to the throne, because he was young, national politics was dominated by Prime Minister Lv Buwei, and Lv Buwei was honored as Guan Zhong. Lv Buwei helped Ying Zheng eradicate many potential political threats, including Ying Zheng's younger brother Cheng Jiao. Lv Buwei not only monopolizes power, but also has an affair with the Empress Dowager (Evonne). With the growth of Ying Zheng's age, Lv Buwei's behavior was restrained, and he proposed to let false eunuch Laoai "wait on" the Queen Mother. As a result, the Queen Mother and Ai gave birth to two illegitimate children. False eunuch Laoyi also claimed to be Wang Fu, claiming to be a "fake father". He wrote a long letter to Hou, owned and Taiyuan, and collected his own henchmen. He has been operating in Yongcheng for many years and established a huge power. 238 years ago, 22-year-old Ying Zheng held a coronation ceremony at Yi Nian Palace in Yongcheng. Lao Ai used the decree to launch a rebellion and attack the Hall of Prayer for the New Year. Ying Zheng has already arranged 3,000 chosen men in the Prayer Palace to defeat the rebels. Lao Ai turned to Xianyang Palace, where there was also the army of the King of Qin, and Lao Ai finally arrested him. Ying Zheng dismembered Ai, violently corpse, and wiped out the three clans. Two illegitimate children of Empress Zhao and Lao Ai were also killed. Ying Zheng then locked Queen Zhao in the Luyang Palace in Yongcheng. Ying Zheng then dismissed Lv Buwei in the name of dereliction of duty and exiled Lv Buwei to Bashu. Two years later, Ying Zheng sent someone to send a suicide note to Lv Buwei. In the letter, Lv Buwei was reprimanded and Lv Buwei committed suicide by taking poison. At this point, Ying Zheng swept away the internal threats of the regime and became a veritable king of Qin.

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Qin Shihuang (259 ~ 2 10) was the first emperor of the unified Qin Dynasty in China. Won the surname, Zheng Ming. Son of King Xiang of Qin Zhuang. 13 years old is the throne and 39 years old is the emperor. At the end of the war, Qin was the most powerful country, and it had all the pieces to unify one eastern country and six eastern countries. When the King of Qin came to power, the national government was dominated by Prime Minister Lv Buwei. In 238 BC, he took charge of state affairs, avoiding the appointment of Lv Buwei, and appointed Andy, Reese and others. From 230 BC to 22 BC1year, the six countries of Korea, Wei, Chu, Yan, Zhao and Qi were destroyed first, and finally the first unified multi-ethnic centralized state in the history of China, the Qin Dynasty, was established. Wang Zheng of the Qin Dynasty established the title of "Emperor", claiming to be the first emperor, while Sun Xuan of Puckilo claimed to be II and III, which was passed down from generation to generation. Subsequently, he abolished the enfeoffment system in the whole country and replaced it with the county system; Under the direct control system of the emperor, he established a whole set of bureaucratic system of officials from the central government to the county. On the basis of the original laws and decrees of Qin, it absorbed some provisions of the laws of the six countries and formulated and promulgated unified laws. Move the nobles of the original six countries to Guanzhong and Bashu to prevent them from splitting and restoring. It is also explicitly forbidden to collect weapons among the people, destroy weapons that have not been collected, and cast 12 yellow gold people. Economically, we will implement the policy of emphasizing agriculture and restraining business, and help the development of private ownership of land. In the thirty-first year of the first emperor (2 16 BC), landlords and farmers who occupied land only had to declare the amount of land to the government and pay taxes, so that their land ownership was recognized and protected by the government. The national weights and measures system was unified on the basis of the weights and measures system formulated by Shang Yang. Unify the national monetary system. In order to develop the land and water transportation in the whole country and realize "the same track for cars", the Chidao from Xianyang to Yanqi and Wu Chu was built, the straight road from Xianyang to Yunyang (now northwest of Shaanxi Province) to Jiuyuan (now west of Inner Mongolia and Baotou) was built, the Wuchi Road was built in the southwest, and the Xiangjiang River and Lijiang River were dug. In terms of cultural thought, based on Qin characters, Xiao Zhuan was made and promulgated throughout the country. He also used the five virtues of yin and yang in the Warring States Policy to say that Qin gained water virtue and water color was black, and finally counted six. Therefore, clothes and flags are still black, and the symbols, crowns and riding systems are six systems. Water dominates yin, which represents punishment and killing, so it is based on this and the cruel punishment method is implemented. Thirty-four years later, the first emperor ordered the destruction of poems, books and hundreds of languages hidden among the people, and banned private learning. Later, Hou Sheng and Lu Sheng, seeking the elixir of life, fled and led more than 400 Confucian scholars and alchemists to kill them all in Yuxiang. After Emperor Qin ascended the throne, Meng Tian was sent to attack the Huns. After Qin and Emperor Qin unified the sixteen countries in the war, they built the Epang Palace and the tomb of Mount Li in Haohua, and then made five large-scale tours of the mountains and carved stones in the famous mountains, which made great achievements. In order to find the medicine of immortality, Fang (Xu Fu) was sent to lead thousands of children, men and women to the East China Sea to find gods and immortals. It has consumed huge financial and human resources and deepened people's suffering. In thirty-seven years, Qin Shihuang returned to Pingyuan and Tianjin and fell ill. So, Yu wrote a book and ordered his eldest son to help Su bury and inherit the throne. Going to the sand dunes (now Jiangbeiguang in the northwest), the emperor died in the early Qin Dynasty. Zhao Gao hooked up with Hu Hai and Lisi, the youngest sons of the first emperor, forged a legacy to make Hu Hai a prince and helped him die. Shortly after Qin Ershi and Hu Hai came to power, Chen Sheng and farmers led by Guangwu became just parties. The Qin Dynasty perished.

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Qin Shihuang's name is Ying Zheng. His great-grandfather was Zhao Haoqi of Qin, his grandfather was King Xiaowen, and his father was King Zhuangxiang. In the first month of 259 BC, Ying Zheng was born in Handan, the capital of Zhao. At the end of the Warring States period, the relationship between Qin and Zhao was tense. In order to win each other's trust, they began to exchange protons. The king of Qin sent Ying Zheng's father to Zhao as a hostage. This is why Ying Zheng, a member of the Qin royal family, was born in Zhao. Since Qin Shihuang was born in Zhao, according to the custom of taking his birthplace as his surname at that time, he was named. When Zhao Zheng was born, the State of Qin attacked the State of Zhao, who persecuted the hostages of the State of Qin. Therefore, despite the Qin royal lineage, in 257 BC, when he was two years old, Qin Jun made a long journey and besieged Handan. Zhao Wangcheng was very angry and wanted to kill Zhao Zheng's father to vent his anger. Ling Yin and Lv Buwei conspired to bribe the Shoujiang, escaped from Handan and returned to the State of Qin. Wang Zhao tried to kill Zhao Zheng and his mother again, but as a result, the mother and son hid in their grandfather's house and survived. In order to ease the relationship with Qin, Zhao sent him and his mother back to Qin. After returning to the State of Qin, Zhao Zheng changed his surname to "Won" and changed his name to "Ying Zheng". Soon, King Xiaowen died, and a foreigner succeeded to the throne, in order to help King Qin Zhuang. King Xiang of Qin Zhuang respected Lv Buwei very much and appointed him as Prime Minister. Because of his parents, Ying Zheng was deeply influenced by Lv Buwei. King Xiang of Qin Zhuang died after only three years as monarch. In 246 BC, Ying Zheng ascended the throne and began his political career. History books call him "King of Qin". At that time, the king of Qin was only 13 years old and still young, so he entrusted the minister to handle state affairs. At the age of 22, the king of Qin was crowned in Yongcheng and began to take power. First of all, he killed the post-Party, purged the powerful ministers and firmly held power in his own hands. Then it took 10 years to annex the six countries, unify the world and establish an unprecedented Daqin dynasty. China Chronology Outline before 259 AD Qin Zhaowang was born in Qin Shihuang 48 years ago and was named Zhao Zheng. Before 25 1, Zhao Haoqi, king of Qin, became emperor for 56 years, and his mother returned to Qin for 246 years. In the first year of the Qin Dynasty, King Zhuangxiang died, and Ying Zheng succeeded to the throne. The Queen Mother handled state affairs and honored Lv Buwei as the Prime Minister. In the same year, Qin captured Jinyang and built it. In the first 244 years, Meng Ao attacked Korea and captured 13 city. In the first 242 years, Meng Ao captured twenty cities of Wei and Zao, and in the first 24 1 year, before Qin Shihuang, Wei, Zhao, Han, Yan and Chu joined forces to attack Qin. In the first 238 years, the king of Qin ruled for 9 years, putting down the rebellion of Lao Ai and destroying his three clans. In the first 236 years, the King of Qin ousted Lv Buwei in 1 1 and forced him to move to Shu. Recruit talents and reuse customers. Wang Jian attacked Qi and took 9 cities. In the first 235 years, the king of Qin helped Wei attack Chu12; Lv Buwei committed suicide. In the first 234 years, Qin Wangzheng decided Pingyang and Yi 'an in 13; Han sent Han Fei as a special envoy and was poisoned by Reese. In the first 230 years, the King of Qin dispatched troops in 17 and started the great cause of reunification. Songshi led the organization to destroy North Korea. In the first 228 years, the King of Qin sent Wang Jianyu to attack Zhao in 19, and defeated Zhao, captured Zhao alive and occupied Handan, the capital of Zhao. In the first 227 years, the king of Qin was assassinated in Xianyang Palace. Kill Jing Ke, send more soldiers to Zhao, and send Wang Jian to attack Yan. Wang Ben attacked Chu 2 1 year in the first 226 years. In the first 225 years, the king of Qin sent Wang Ben to attack Wei, irrigate the girders with water and destroy Wei. In the first 223 years, the king of Qin sent Wang Jian and Wu Meng to conquer Shouchun, the capital of Chu, captured the king of Chu, and the State of Chu perished. In the first 222 years, the king of Qin sent Wang Ben to capture Liaodong, capture the prince alive and destroy the remnants of Yan. Before 22 1, Qin Shihuang wiped out Qi and annexed the world in 26 years. The king of Qin was renamed the first emperor and unified various systems. In the first 220 years, Qin Shihuang made his first patrol in 27 years, repaired the red road, improved the road system and strengthened the links between various places; Strictly on the same track and car, with the same book and the same text, unified measurement. 2 19 years ago, Qin Shihuang made his second tour in 28 years, visiting counties and counties and Dengfeng Mount Tai; Dig a canal; Epang Palace was built. 2 18 years ago, Qin Shihuang made his third patrol in 29 years, and Sean led Lux to assassinate him in Bolangsha. He got on the second bus by mistake and stayed in the county seat for 10 days. In 2 16, Qin Shihuang reiterated the policy of "emphasizing agriculture and restraining commerce" in 3 16, so that "the first step is effective." 32 years before 2 15, Qin Shihuang sent Meng Tian to attack Xiongnu in the north and take the land of Henan. The fourth patrol, patrolling the north, returned to Xianyang from Shang Jun. 2 14 33 years ago, Qin Shihuang pacified South Vietnam and Ou, immigrated to the frontier and built the world-famous Great Wall of Wan Li. 2 12 years ago, it took Qin Shihuang 35 years to build Jiuyuan Tongganquan Straight Road. Before 2 10, Qin Shihuang traveled eastward for the fifth time in 37 years and died in a sand dune.

Reference: chic/0105b05/0105b05