Why is the rule of Zhenguan short-lived? What kind of emperor was Tang Taizong in his later period?

At that time, Emperor Taizong was called Tiankhan, which was the highest honor for emperors of all dynasties. So, what achievements did Zhenguan rule make? How is it formed? What kind of person was Emperor Taizong, who was an emperor through the ages? What are his unknown shortcomings?

First, people's living standards and social status.

People's purchasing power. Rice price is an important symbol to measure people's quality of life. According to historical records, during the Zhenguan period, the price of rice per barrel was only 5, even reaching 3 or 4, which was the lowest in history. I'll make an account for you, and it will be clear. Usually one or two pieces of silver are converted into 1000 copper coins (also called consistency), and you can buy 200 buckets of rice. 10 bucket is one stone, which is 20 stones. In the Tang Dynasty, a stone was about 59 Jin, and one or two pieces of silver could buy nearly 1200 Jin of rice. Based on today's average rice price 1.75 yuan a catty, one or two ounces of silver is equivalent to 4 130 yuan's purchasing power. Historians estimate that the value of one or two pieces of silver in the middle and late Qing Dynasty was about 150-220 yuan. The value in the middle of the Ming Dynasty is 600-800 yuan RMB; 600 yuan-1300 yuan in the middle of Northern Song Dynasty.

According to the New Tang Book, during the Zhenguan period, a seven-product official (equivalent to county level) (whose salary was fixed by rice price in ancient times) earned about 1750 yuan per month, and the food and miscellaneous expenses were 350 yuan, which was equivalent to a monthly salary of 8,200 yuan and an annual salary of more than 6,543,800 yuan.

Emperor Taizong's high respect for human life. In the fifth year of Zhenguan, Emperor Taizong ordered: "If you are sentenced to death, you must apply for five on two days and apply for three in the next state; On the day of execution, Shang Grain Bureau is not allowed to eat wine and meat, and Neijiaofang and Taichang Temple are not allowed to play music. The province under the door has to check again. If anyone who should die according to law is in a poor situation, write another letter and play it. " Five recitations refer to five times from two days before execution to the date of execution, which means that people's lives are at stake to show caution. During the Zhenguan period, there were only 29 people on death row in China.

The imperial examination system in Daxing, Li Shimin attaches great importance to culture and art, giving children and scholars from poor families the opportunity to serve the country and society, and greatly improving people's material and spiritual life.

Second, national unity and national stability.

The story of Princess Wencheng and Songzan Gambu has long been a household name, and it is a story of the unity of the Han and Tibetan nationalities. During the Zhenguan period, national unity in China was very good. Not only Turks, Huns, Xianbei, Western Regions, North Korea, Tubo and other ethnic talents were used by the empire, but even Japanese people who ate a lot could be officials in the court. The openness and openness of these talent use policies are unmatched by other dynasties. In today's China, it seems that no foreigner is an official in the government. It is this enlightened national policy and open talent strategy that introduced talents from East Asia and Central Asia into the huge ruling institutions of the Tang Empire, which enabled the Tang Empire to give full play to its talents in the vast territory in the early stage and shaped a vast empire with vast territory, numerous nationalities and the richest and strongest in the world in just a hundred years.

Third, economic vitality.

Li Shimin changed the practice of "emphasizing agriculture and restraining commerce" in past dynasties, and attached great importance to commerce. The most typical thing is to make the ancient Hexi Corridor-Silk Road play a great commercial value.

During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the Silk Road was a two-way trade route from Chang 'an in the east to Europe in the west. China's silk, tea, porcelain and agricultural products are continuously transported to Europe, while European new products, new technologies and new ideas have also entered China smoothly. Therefore, Li Shimin attached importance to the business development strategy, eliminated the national barriers between the East and the West, and made the Tang Dynasty become the world economic center. At that time, half of the commercial cities in the world were in China, including Nanchang and Chengdu, which were world-class economic metropolises.

Fourth, international influence.

Chang 'an, the capital of the Tang Dynasty, is universally recognized as the world capital. Every year, students from all over the world come to Chang 'an to learn from the scriptures. People of all colors are officials of the same dynasty. A large number of immigrants settle in China every year. According to historical records, there are over 200,000 overseas immigrants in Guangzhou alone. The tolerant Tang Dynasty accepted all countries to the DPRK with high confidence and prosperity.

What is the reason for the formation of Zhenguan rule? I think it is mainly in the following aspects:

Years of war at the end of Sui Dynasty, Yang-ti's arrogance and extravagance made the people miserable, and the people longed for a stable life and economic development. After Li Shimin acceded to the throne, he adopted the suggestions put forward by Wei Zhi and others, such as stabilizing people's hearts, ignoring thin taxes, vigorously developing production, cutting down officials, and practicing economy, which were the background and foundation for the formation of Zhenguan Prosperity. In addition, the Tang Dynasty continued the imperial examination system initiated by the Sui Dynasty, selected a large number of talents to govern the country and counties, and implemented a political system of three provinces and six departments, similar to the separation of powers in the West. It avoids the disadvantages brought by autocratic monarchy and constitutes the skeleton of the prosperous time of Zhenguan. Paying equal attention to agriculture and commerce, making effective use of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal excavated in Sui Dynasty and the Silk Road established in Han Dynasty, so that the development of agriculture and commerce constitutes the blood of Zhenguan prosperity. Brilliant, with both ability and political integrity, the peace party is the brain trust and confidant of the Tang Empire, and a vibrant and prosperous era has since stepped onto the historical stage.

Li Shimin, as an eternal emperor, what kind of person is he? What are his strengths?

I think what is embodied in him is one word: big. Broad mind, great spirit and great ambition.

First of all, with a confident and broad mind, he boldly used the hero. Emperors Liu Bang and Zhu Yuanzhang all killed heroes for the sake of political stability. Zhao Kuangyin dismissed Shi Shouxin and others with a glass of wine, while Li Shimin entrusted Wei Chijingde, Sun Chang Wuji, Du Ruhui and Fang Lingxuan, who helped him ascend to the throne, with important tasks and held important positions in the court. Facts have proved that it is these heroes' literary skills and extraordinary talents that enabled Li Shimin to quickly get rid of the situation of domestic troubles and foreign invasion at the beginning of his reign, and the country quickly entered the track of rapid development.

Yes, the former Prince Li washed horses in the East Palace, and repeatedly advised to get rid of the King of Qin. After the change of Xuanwumen, Li Shimin didn't blame Wei Zhi. He loved his loyalty, frankness and intelligence. He was appointed as a doctor of advice, and later he was promoted to an important position Zuo Cheng, a senior minister. Wei Zhi made more than 200 suggestions in his life, with hundreds of thousands of words, and most of them were adopted. He is the first contributor to the prosperity of Zhenguan.

Li Shimin has a wide range of views and talents. Apart from Wei Zhi, officials can talk boldly about all aspects of national development. Li Shimin is a modest man. If there is anything, he will change it and never perfunctory. Emperor Taizong promulgated five orders to seek talents, and selected and appointed a group of children from poor families, such as Ma Zhou, Dai Zhou and Zhang. During the Zhenguan period, there were many talents in the Tang Dynasty, and Qi Xin worked together to develop the country.

Li Shimin attaches great importance to friendly exchanges with other countries in the world, appoints talents from all over the world to jointly govern the country, vigorously develops economic and trade relations with the West, and stabilizes Tubo with a pro-China policy. In the northwest, the governor of Anxi and the governor of Beiting were set up, and the title of Uighur leader was awarded, so as to maintain the unity and stability of the northwest frontier, send troops to defeat the Valerian tribe in the northern grassland and relieve the threat from the north. What was the purpose of the defeated General Ashina?

Li Shimin attaches great importance to culture and art. He is a great calligrapher himself. With his personal participation and support, poetry and calligraphy began to flourish in the Tang Dynasty. Xuanzang's westward journey promoted the cultural exchange between China and the West, and the rise of Buddhism played a very good role in social stability.

All these reflect Li Shimin's great spirit and ambition as a politician.

As an emperor, Li Shimin was almost perfect, but he was not a sage. What are his shortcomings? Historically, Li Shimin's fault mainly lies in the following aspects, but I don't agree with some viewpoints.

First, Li Shimin pursued extravagant pleasures in his later years and was lazy in politics.

History: In the sixteenth year of Zhenguan, Emperor Taizong wrote that the things used by the prince should not be restricted by other organs, resulting in serious waste of the prince. Emperor Taizong himself began to build palaces. In the eleventh year of Zhenguan, Feishan Palace was built in Luoyang, the eastern capital, and Cuiwei Palace was built in the twenty-first year.

In my opinion, it is really Li Shimin's fault that the prince spends too much money. As for building a palace, it is really nothing for a powerful and wealthy Tang empire. Emperor Taizong had a severe wind disease, was impatient and afraid of heat, so it was extravagant and a little picky to build Cuiwei Palace at the top of Mount Li.

Second, in his later years, he hated speaking frankly and didn't listen to what could be tutored.

As can be seen from Wei Zhi's Ten Years of Diligence and Ten Thoughts, Li Shimin in his later years was tired and lazy, and hated to call a spade a spade. Therefore, Wei Zhi listed ten major changes in the political attitude of Emperor Taizong from the time he ascended the throne to now, and advised Li Shimin to restrain his desire and be prepared for danger in times of peace. There are a lot of data showing that Li Shimin did a lot of wrong things because he didn't listen to advice. Later, before he died, he wrote to Prince Li Zhi's "Emperor Fan" and reviewed his life's mistakes, hoping that future generations would take a warning.

Third, expedition to Koguryo, wasting people and money.

In the 19th year of Zhenguan in history, Li Shimin made a personal expedition to North Korea, but this expedition ended in failure, and was repeatedly criticized by historians for consuming a lot of talents and material resources.

But I don't think so.

After Li Shimin ascended the throne, the civil war ended, the regime was consolidated, the economy gradually recovered, and the foreign activities gradually adopted an enterprising attitude. First of all, the Tang Dynasty destroyed the eastern Turkic in the north, subdued the Tuyuhun in the northwest, drove away the western Turkic, and restored the jurisdiction of the four towns in Anxi. Then I started to attack North Korea eastward. At this time, China hardliner Quan Gai Su Wen opposed the killing of his old king, set up a new king, established himself as a military commander-Li Zhi in the desert, United with Baekje, attacked Silla and cut off the route from Silla to Chang 'an. Silla turned to Tang for help, which provided an excuse for Emperor Taizong to send troops. Goguryeo brazenly attacked Silla, a vassal state of the Tang Dynasty, and provoked war. It is necessary and necessary for Emperor Taizong to send troops to safeguard the majesty of the Tang Dynasty. Although the expedition did not destroy Goguryeo, Tang Jun destroyed hundreds of thousands of main forces of Goguryeo at the expense of thousands of casualties, which dealt a heavy blow to the other side and showed the national prestige of the Tang Dynasty.

The biggest drawback of this expedition is that the recruitment of civilian resources led to civil strife in some places, and Li Shimin was unfortunately seriously ill because of his advanced age. It was in this Crusade that Xue, a military talent, was discovered. Later, in the period, Xue wiped out North Korea in one fell swoop, which is another story.

Fourth, I believe the alchemist, taking Jinshi Dan medicine, his condition deteriorated and he died.

Emperor Taizong once mocked Qin Shihuang and Emperor Wudi for believing in Taoist priests, but he finally took this road and believed that alchemists were superstitious about Dan medicine. As a result, the treatment was delayed and the condition worsened. Zhenguan died in the twenty-third year, at the age of 52.

Fifth, the intervention of historians.

In every dynasty in North Korea, historians were responsible for recording the daily life and remarks of the emperor, which were called Juju Notes. The emperor is not allowed to interfere in the work of historians, but Li Shimin is worried that his improper words and deeds will be recorded by historians, and reading Zhu Zhu's notes many times will have a bad influence. Although many emperors have similar situations, as a generation of wise kings, this is unforgivable.

In addition, it is a great pity that Li Shimin buried Wang Xizhi's Preface to the Orchid Pavilion as a funerary object. I hope this world-famous calligraphy treasure can be seen again one day.

Located in the suburb of Xi, Zhaoling Royal Mausoleum is the largest cemetery in the world. Here lies the eternal emperor Li Shimin. Around his mausoleum, there are 180 tombs buried with him, and there are 15 tombs of ministers such as Chang Sun, Fang, Li Jing, Gao Shilian and Wen Yanbo. The Zhaoling Project was designed by Yan Brothers, just as 24 portraits of heroes in the Tang Dynasty made by Yan Brothers were hung on Lingyan Pavilion. The design of Zhaoling reflects the intimate relationship between Li Shimin and her partners, which is "honor and disgrace and * * *, life and death depend on each other". How many emperors in ancient and modern times could have such a heavy heart? /p-3436994394453.html Zhenguan rule is no longer a simple term, it is a symbol, a symbol, which records the standards and heights of an era of the Chinese nation, and it appeals to people in later generations to understand Mencius' political ideal of "putting people first, putting the country first and putting the monarch first". Emperor Taizong and his partners told the world that a broad and open country and a confident and tolerant nation can create a prosperous civilization that amazes the world. . . . . . . . . . .