Information about Vienna

Haydn-the Father of Symphony

Joseph haydn (1732- 1809) is a famous Austrian composer, an outstanding representative of the "Viennese classical school" and one of the most famous musicians in Europe in the18th century. His music works have a wide range of genres, involving vocal music and instrumental music, and have made outstanding contributions to the formation, perfection and development of symphony and string quartet. He is recognized by the world as "the father of symphony" and "the founder of string quartet".

Masterpieces: Farewell, Clock, Hunting, Astonishment, Army, London, Newton, etc.

Beethoven-le sheng

Ludwig van Beethoven (1770- 1827), one of the greatest German musicians, is known as "Le Sheng". He was the last representative of "Vienna Classical Music School", and was called "Vienna Three Masters" by later generations together with Haydn and Mozart. During his short 57-year career, he left a priceless treasure of music for mankind, so the world honored him as "Le Sheng".

Representative works: Ode to Joy, Symphony of Destiny, Passion Sonata, Moonlight, Storm Sonata, Pastoral Symphony, etc.

Mozart

Main works:

Opera "The Wedding of Figaro"

Adventures of Don Juan

The Magic Flute

Symphony No.39 in E flat major "Emperor"

Symphony no.40 in g minor

Symphony no 4 1 cupid in c major

Violin concerto no.4 in d major

Violin concerto no.5 in b flat major

Piano concerto no 2 1 in c major

Piano concerto no.23 in a major

Other string quartets hunt

Historic Center of Vienna

Historic Center of Vienna

English: historic centre of vienna.

Category: cultural heritage

Selection time: 200 1

Vienna developed from the settlement of early Goths and Romans, and later became the capital of Austria-Hungary, which was full of medieval baroque colors. From the early famous "Vienna School" to the early 20th century, Vienna has been playing an important and unique role in the European music scene. Vienna is also a gathering place for the essence of architectural art, including baroque castles and courtyards, as well as circular roads built in the late19th century. The most important places of interest in Vienna are scattered along the grand and wide tree-lined ring road, including magnificent buildings, monuments and various parks.

Venue: Austria

As one of the three major European cities in the Middle Ages, Vienna still maintained its former prominent position. keep

Yena is a world-famous city, the capital of Austria, and is famous as the "City of Music". Located on the Danube River at the northern foot of the Alps in northeastern Austria, the Danube runs through the whole city. The ancient streets in the inner city are criss-crossed, and there are few high-rise buildings, mostly Baroque, Gothic and Romanesque buildings. The spires of St. Stefan's Cathedral and the Petronas Towers in the Middle Ages were 138 meters high. And other palace buildings.

St Stefan's Cathedral is a Gothic church in the center of Vienna and the tallest Gothic ancient building in Europe.

First, eastern European churches with strong local color. Outside the roof of the church, a large area of colorful patterns are painted, which is called "Vienna spirit". It was built in A.D. 1304 and completed two centuries later. For hundreds of years, it has been regarded as a masterpiece of its architectural art. Destroyed by World War II, it was rebuilt after the war, lasting 10 years, and basically restored to its original appearance in 1958. The cathedral consists of 65,438+0 main buildings and 3 towers. The South Tower is the most spectacular, with a height of 1.38 meters, which is conical and straight into the sky.

Hofburg Palace is the palace of Habsburg dynasty in Austria. Located in the center of Vienna, the capital, 1696 started construction.

It was completed on 17 13, and lasted for more than 0 years. It was built by Emperor Aucar for prinz eugen. Prince Ouzhen was originally a French aristocrat, and later became a national hero who led the Austrian army to repel the Turkish invasion. There is a bronze statue of his hero prancing on the hero square in front of the palace. He is a military commander who knows the art of architecture. The architect built a classical palace imitating the Palace of Versailles in France according to his idea. It is also a magnificent baroque building and one of the most spectacular palaces in Europe.

Reason for selection;

Standard (2) The ancient city of Vienna has a long history, and the historical buildings with different styles in the city tell the historical process of the continuous development of Vienna society and the changing values in the 20th century.

Three important stages of European cultural and political development: the Middle Ages, the Baroque Period and the Middle Ages. "Grunderzeit" is fully displayed in the urban development and historical buildings of Vienna.

Standard (6) Since16th century, Vienna has been recognized as the "Music City of Europe".

Evaluation by the World Heritage Committee:

Vienna developed from early Gothic and Romanesque settlements, and by the Middle Ages, it had become the capital of the Holy Roman Empire (Austria-Hungary), with a strong baroque color. Vienna has always played a unique and important role in the European music scene, from the great Vienna Conservatory of Music in the early days to Grand Zie in the early 20th century. Vienna is also a gathering place for the essence of architectural art, including baroque castles and courtyards, as well as circular roads built in the late19th century. The most important places of interest in Vienna are scattered on this magnificent and broad boulevard: Hu Fubao Palace, Museum and People's Park.

Introduction:

Vienna, the capital of Austria, is located on the Danube at the northern foot of the Alps in the northeast of Austria, surrounded by the famous Vienna forest, with deep valleys and open plains in the south. This is an elegant, beautiful and clean garden city. The history of Vienna began in the Roman Empire in the 1 th century, where the Romans built castles. 1 137 is the first city in the Austrian Principality. 1278, the Habsburg family started its 7th century empire in Austria, with Vienna as its capital, which made it develop rapidly. Magnificent Gothic architecture has mushroomed. /kloc-After 0/5th century, Vienna became the capital of the Holy Roman Empire and the economic center of Europe. /kloc-during the 0/8th century, Maria Tracy and her son were keen on reform, which promoted social progress and brought prosperity to art. Vienna19th century was its most glorious period, and its territory was expanding day by day. However, with the coming of World War I (1914–1918), the history of the dynasty came to an end, and the Austrian Empire and Vienna lost their former glory. During World War II, Vienna was severely damaged by the war and occupied by the United States, Britain, France and the Soviet Union for ten years after the war. 1955 After Austria signed a treaty to become a neutral country, Vienna developed again and became the most important commercial and transportation center in Austria.

Among the historical buildings in Vienna, the most famous is Hofburg Palace, which means palace castle in German. This royal castle is located in the inner city of Vienna. It was here that the Habsburg dynasty ruled the huge Austro-Hungarian Empire. The history of Hofburg Palace can be traced back to 1279, and almost every emperor has rebuilt or expanded the palace. In the 700-year history, it recorded the prosperous times of the empire under the rule of Maria Tracy Wang Kaiming, the brilliant achievements of Joseph II's drastic reform in inheriting her mother's career, and, of course, the shame that Emperor Francis I married her daughter to settle the dispute with Napoleon, and the scene that a multi-ethnic country turned from prosperity to decline in the era of Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria. Hofburg Palace is the witness of various architectural styles in Europe. Whether it is Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque, Rococo, or imitation of classical styles at the end of last century, Hofburg Palace brings them together. The palace is built according to the terrain and is divided into upper and lower parts, each with a garden. Historically, it was the place where emperors worked, welcomed guests and held grand events, as well as a place to live and stay. The whole palace has 1400 rooms with strange decoration, embedded in a huge four-shaped building complex. Among them, 44 halls and rooms are richly decorated. Napoleon lived in this palace twice, and his true portraits and relics are still preserved here today. The "Austrian Gallery" in the palace has a collection of famous paintings and sculptures from the Middle Ages to modern times. It is actually the Austrian Palace Museum of Fine Arts, which is known as the city in the city. The Summer Palace in Habsburg, Austria, also known as the "Sch? nbrunn Palace", is located in the southwest of the capital Vienna. Sch? nbrunn Palace is named after a spring, which used to be an open green space. Once, Emperor Matthias hunted here and took a sip of spring water, which was refreshing and called "beautiful spring". More than 70 years later 1743, Queen Mary Tracy ordered the construction of a palace here, where magnificent palaces and baroque gardens appeared. It covers an area of 26,000 square meters, second only to the Palace of Versailles in France. There are 1400 rooms in the palace, 44 of which are rococo style, elegant and chic, but most of them are baroque style. There are oriental classical buildings in the palace, such as Chinese rooms inlaid with rosewood, ebony and ivory, and Japanese rooms decorated with mud and paint. The interior decoration of the room is also in harmony with the oriental style, and the walls and ceilings are inlaid with ceramics. Among the dazzling array of ceramics, there are celadon in China, colored porcelain in Wanli period of Ming Dynasty and so on.

Vienna is also known as the Temple of World Music. Like a huge magnet, she not only attracted many musicians here, but also trained outstanding conductors and performers from generation to generation. Vienna state opera, Vienna Friends of Music Association, Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra, a series of brilliant names fascinate music lovers all over the world. The whole city of Vienna is like a huge music hall, and the spiritual communication experienced here does not need to be communicated by words ... 1867, the Friends of Music Association directed Teofor Hansen to design a concert hall. Two years later, a building imitating the Renaissance style was born. Behind the dark red facade with clear lines is a magnificent hall with thirty gold-plated statues of the goddess, so the concert hall is usually called the golden hall. After the concert hall was completed, it became the performance venue of the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra, the most famous orchestra in the world. This concert hall specializes in holding large-scale concerts, the most famous of which is the annual New Year concert.

Scenic Palace-This is a building with the reputation of "viewing palace". The beautiful scenery outside the window earned it this poetic title. From the completion of the palace in the 0/8th century A.D./KLOC to today, the scenery outside the beautiful palace remains unchanged and elegant as usual. The exquisite beauty of Vienna has not diminished because of the changes of the times.

The block of Vienna is built on the Danube River. The circular avenue around the old city of Vienna is a famous street. Around it, there are the proudest historical buildings in Vienna.

Architecture, fine arts, music, literature ... The historical center of Vienna has concentrated all outstanding talents in Europe, reflecting the superb artistic taste of Europeans. Vienna's heavy historical accumulation makes it worthy of the title of "European Gem Box". The historical center of Vienna District is a work of art with harmonious style, which was registered as a World Heritage Site on 200 1.

Hofburg Palace is located in the city center. This palace was built in the13rd century and has been the Miyagi of the Habsburg family for 600 years. Following the tradition that the new monarch can't live in the room where the last emperor lived, the palaces here have been rebuilt and expanded many times, showing the architectural characteristics and styles of various eras. There is a statue of Elizabeth, who married the Habsburg family and became a royal concubine. Elizabeth, who once escaped from the suffocating palace and embarked on the road of debauchery, is a tragic and legendary beauty. Elizabeth's persistent pursuit of her own beauty is pathological. All kinds of gymnastics equipment displayed in the room are used by Elizabeth every day to keep her ideal figure. Elizabeth was also the first person in the royal family to install a bathtub. However, Elizabeth's husband Francis? Emperor Joseph's dormitory is extremely simple. He hates luxury and thinks it is meaningless and unnecessary. Francis? Joseph spends most of his time in his humble dormitory every day. 1857, he issued the emperor's order to transform Vienna. The main project of capital reconstruction is to demolish the surrounding city walls. /kloc-in the 0/9th century, the population of Vienna increased rapidly, and urban transformation was imperative. A circular road was built on the original site of the demolished city wall. On both sides of the newly-built wide roads, representative buildings in Vienna have been built one after another.

The Opera House is the first building built along the ring road. Parliament building is deeply influenced by ancient Greek style. The steeple standing behind the parliament building is Vienna City Hall. This is a neo-gothic building completely different from the parliament building. This area can be said to be a "melting pot of architectural forms". Among many European theaters, this royal theater is considered to be the most fashionable. Only Francis is allowed in the emperor's staircase of the Royal Theatre. Joseph used it alone. This theater, which perfectly blends the decorative styles of several eras, was influenced by Francis. Emperor Joseph's favorite. The patio painting above the stairs attracts attention. There is a mural of the birthplace created by young Kloc at the end of 19.

Klimt's artistic achievements were appreciated by the emperor and awarded a medal. But he did not take this honor seriously, but encouraged a new artistic trend that reflected the requirements of the times. There is a dome-shaped building decorated with golden laurel leaves, which is the exhibition hall of Art Nouveau separatists. Separatism is a new wave of art that appeared at the end of 19. The leader of the new art wave is the famous Klimt. The underground exhibition hall, with Beethoven's ninth symphony Ode to Joy as the theme, shows Klimt's murals. This is also his masterpiece. Klimt's works depict various human desires. Its expressive force shocked every audience.

Schiller, a great German writer, once said, "It is a bad habit to always want to be loved by everyone". The brand-new art that Klimt pursues is exactly what this sentence says. The new wave with Vienna as the stage has also spread to the architectural world.

Is there a separatist architect Otto? The walls of Wagner's collective apartment are decorated with patterns. Wagner also tried to make the new "beauty" take root in Vienna. Wagner's masterpiece is the Postal Savings Bureau. In order to let the sun shine in fully, all the roofs are installed with glass. This ingenious design surprised people at that time. In fact, this all-glass roof design is also full of Wagner's wish, that is, to strive for as much light as possible for the Viennese living in the long winter, and what is functional and practical is pleasing to the eye. Wagner's idea has been carried out in every detail.

Just as the ring road was built, a musician began to become famous in Vienna. This musician is John, known as the King of Waltz? Strauss. When the emperor left the palace, there was a big dance every night. The ball echoed with Strauss's wonderful melody. Strauss's elegant and brisk melody firmly captured people's hearts. People say "Vienna can't live without Strauss".

Hofburg Palace is a landmark of old Vienna. In sharp contrast to Hofburg Palace is a building opposite the palace. It abandons all complicated decorations and stands in front of people with a simple and fresh style. This is the work of Adolf, an architect who came back from America. Ross designed the Ross building. There is no decoration, only neatly arranged windows. This simple design gave a strong shock to people who were used to baroque architecture at that time. But it is this Ross building that announces the beginning of a new era of modern architecture. Ironically, the second half of the19th century, when Vienna became one of the world's cultural centers, was also the period of its political decline. The Austrian Empire, beset by internal and external contradictions, slowly went into recession. What it left to the world was the dazzling light of European gems. ...