What's the difference between the soil on the moon and that on the earth?

Due to atmospheric pressure and vacuum, the soil of the moon is basically the same as that of the earth 6 billion years ago. In addition to the damage caused by meteorites and solar radiation, there are a lot of oceans and various minerals in it. If this is difficult to understand, we can imagine the interior of the moon as a huge coal storage base, in which seamounts, that is, coal blocks used in nuclear fusion reactors, are very good fuels. After detecting seamounts on the moon 60 years ago, many science fiction novels wrote the concept of digging seamounts from the moon to build nuclear fusion reactors.

We can study the simulated planting of lunar soil and lay a good foundation for the future lunar base. After all, if you really want to immigrate to the moon, you must eat and drink. Most importantly, there has always been human activity on the surface of the moon, but it has not been made public. If the soil is found to be something that does not exist on the earth itself, it is cheaper to vaccinate in advance than to go to the United States.

From the earth, Mars and the moon with a diameter of several thousand kilometers to asteroids with a diameter of only a few hundred kilometers, almost all solid celestial bodies in the solar system have left countless impact craters formed by the impact of small celestial bodies. Different from the earth's soil, the lunar soil (also known as thunderstone) has the same physical characteristics as the impact crater, which is almost completely formed by impact: large bedrock is crushed, mixed and overturned by the impact of small objects, and finally this layer of fine sand is formed on the surface of the moon. Solar wind and cosmic rays can also change some characteristics of lunar soil, but their effects are more chemical, such as the formation of hydroxyl and water in lunar soil particles.

Analyzing the number and spatial distribution of impact craters is one of the most commonly used tools for planetary scientists to infer the behavior characteristics and changes of small celestial bodies, such as the research we described last year. Science. In recent hundreds of millions of years, the earth has suffered more frequent asteroid impacts. This is intuitive and effective, but it also has a disadvantage: the crater is too fragile. On a geologically active planet like the earth, impact craters are easily erased by earthquakes, volcanoes, glaciers and running water. Even in a geologically inactive world like the moon, they are easily eroded and covered by closer impact craters.