Scientific Outlook on Development's Water Conservancy Experience

Practice Scientific Outlook on Development's Innovative Water Conservancy Theory System

First, the progress of the times requires the progress of water conservancy theory.

China is a big water conservancy country. The story of Dayu's water control more than 4200 years ago has spread to this day, and there were various water control activities long before Yu. The importance of water control has long been proved by the old adage that "those who want to govern their country should control water", and the glory of ancient water conservancy construction is also marked by large-scale ancient water conservancy projects such as Dujiangyan, Lingqu, Zheng Guoqu and Grand Canal, which have been preserved to this day. As a new specialty, water conservancy engineering has been separated from civil engineering for more than a hundred years. The major of water conservancy engineering takes the construction of water conservancy hubs such as gates, dams and dikes as its main goal, takes modern mechanics as its professional foundation, and takes "building water conservancy and eliminating water disasters" as its own responsibility, and has trained a large number of professionals. In the past 50 years, brilliant achievements have been made in water conservancy construction. There are countless large and small water conservancy projects. The world's largest Three Gorges Dam has been successfully built, and the large-scale water transfer project connecting the north and the south is also proceeding smoothly. China's achievements in water conservancy construction have attracted worldwide attention, ensuring the basic demand for flood control safety and water resources for the country's rapid development. These water conservancy projects are built on the premise of transforming nature and meeting the needs of human production and life, and the water demand of ecological environment is not considered enough. In particular, the large number and scale of water conservancy projects have completely changed the water cycle in the basin, which has caused many negative effects on the environment and ecosystem of the basin, and there have been unsustainable signs such as river cut-off, deterioration of water quality in rivers and lakes, reduction of biodiversity, decline of groundwater level, shrinking of lakes and wetlands. This shows that there are problems in the theory of water conservancy construction we adopted, and the result will lead to the loss of the conditions for sustainable development of the basin. It is urgent to revise and perfect the traditional theory of water conservancy construction and create a new one.

The progress of modern social development view is most prominently reflected in the proposal of sustainable development view, which is based on fairness, harmony between man and nature and protection of biodiversity. China has taken upholding Scientific Outlook on Development, building a harmonious society and building an ecological civilization as the important goals of national development. The theory of water conservancy construction should also be adjusted as soon as possible. On the basis of the traditional theory of water conservancy construction and under the guidance of Scientific Outlook on Development, a new theory of water conservancy should be established to promote the harmony between people and water.

Second, the big water conservancy theory and its basic connotation

Compared with the traditional water conservancy theory, it is required to expand the scope of water conservancy construction theory, from meeting the needs of human beings to meeting the needs of ecosystem and environment at the same time; From meeting human needs for flood control and waterlogging elimination and water resources, to meeting human needs for water quality protection, landscape, hydrophilicity, contact with nature, water culture and so on. From this perspective, we can use the concept of large water conservancy to distinguish it from traditional water conservancy.

1999 The author puts forward the concept of "large water conservancy", which is defined as: "Through comprehensive regulation and management of the river basin, give full play to the resource function, environmental function and ecological function of the river system, continuously improve the safety and comfort of the whole basin (including biological comfort), and support the sustainable development of the basin." This concept includes three main principles:

(1) River regulation can't be limited to river regulation, and it must be based on comprehensive land improvement in the basin. Therefore, the water conservancy construction work should closely cooperate with the relevant departments of land, resources, agriculture, forestry and environment, do a good job in the comprehensive improvement and management of river basins, and lay a solid foundation for river regulation.

(2) Water has resource function, environmental function and ecological function. The traditional concept of water control is only aimed at developing the resource functions of water, such as water supply and hydropower generation. The new theory of "big water conservancy" requires the simultaneous development and protection of water's resource function, environmental function and ecological function.

(3) The goal of water conservancy construction is not only to ensure the safety of flood control, but also to improve the comfort of human settlements, including the comfort of other creatures, so as to finally ensure the sustainable development of river basin society and improve the prosperity of river basin society. To sum up, the goal of water conservancy construction is to pursue the "three dimensions" of the basin, that is, safety, comfort and prosperity.

After the concept of "Big Water Conservancy" was put forward, the author published some related articles, such as Improving the security and comfort of China land is an important condition for realizing sustainable development, Preliminary Study on Water Conservancy Modernization in China, Landscape and Water Culture in Water Conservancy Construction, and Formation of New Water Conservancy Theory in China, which basically constituted the framework of the theory of "Big Water Conservancy".

Third, the basic framework of the big water conservancy theory

As shown in figure 1, the framework of large water conservancy theory can be divided into five levels:

The first level is the basic goal of large water conservancy, that is, to achieve harmony between people and water, and it is also the basic starting point of our water conservancy construction.

The second level is the three major tasks of the big water conservancy theory, that is, creating: (1) safe and comfortable waterfront space; (2) Wet land; (3) A prosperous and sustainable society.

The third level is the basic work needed to realize the three tasks, that is, in order to create a safe and comfortable waterfront space, it is necessary to complete six aspects of flood control, resources, water quality, hydrophilicity, landscape and water green network; In order to create a wet land, it is necessary to complete the management of groundwater, water surface, green space, ecological environment and disaster risk. To create a prosperous and sustainable society, it is necessary to solve the country's carrying capacity and form an economical, circular and harmonious society.

The fourth level is the specific work that needs to be carried out to realize the three major tasks. Because there are many contents involved, I will explain them later.

The fifth level is the cultural level, that is, the water culture formed in the process of realizing the harmony between man and water. Excellent water culture can promote the harmony between man and water. In water conservancy construction, we should pay attention to protecting and promoting excellent water culture and create modern water culture on the basis of traditional water culture.

These five levels constitute the basic theoretical framework system of large water conservancy.

Figure 1 theoretical framework of water conservancy

Four, the basic content of large-scale water conservancy demand research

The basic content of large-scale water conservancy is to complete three major tasks:

(A) to create a safe and comfortable waterfront space

1, creating a safe waterside space. Waterfront safety includes flood control safety, river water quality safety and resource safety. In addition to water resources security, resource security also involves water-related factors such as grain, hydropower and ecological security. Flood control safety and other safety factors are interrelated and influence each other. Therefore, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the mutual influence and reasonably determine the flood control safety standards.

Flood control safety includes flood control safety of big rivers, flood control safety of cities and flood control safety of mountainous areas. It is necessary to study the generation and formation process of floods, timely and accurately issue flood forecasts and warnings, and scientifically manage flood control projects, including scientifically formulating relevant flood control plans. Waterfront space is an area where people contact with water, and ensuring the safety of waterfront space is the primary task.

2. Comfortable waterfront space construction includes hydrophilic facilities construction, landscape construction and water green ecological network construction.

The construction of hydrophilic facilities refers to creating an environment suitable for residents and small animals to get close to the water. Hydrophilia is the nature of human beings and animals, and a good hydrophilic environment is also the basis of harmony between human beings and water. The construction of hydrophilic platforms, hydrophilic squares and water facilities at the waterside will create an environment for residents to relax and play at the waterside, and also create conditions for small animals to drink and play at the waterside to meet their basic conditions for survival.

Landscape construction is also to meet the aesthetic needs of residents to return to nature. Rivers are natural things, and the landscape construction of waterfront space should try to show the natural beauty of rivers, reflect the long-term regional water culture and avoid artificial river landscape. It is not appropriate to introduce garden techniques into the waterfront too much and simply imitate the landscape works of other cities abroad and at home. Creating a waterfront landscape that is suitable for regional cultural characteristics, unique charm and full of seasonal changes is the top grade.

Water-green ecological network requires the communication of water systems, maintaining enough green belts at the water's edge to form a continuous habitat corridor, which can meet the needs of free activities in the process of courtship and foraging. At the same time, the water green ecological network is also a necessary condition to improve the urban landscape and ecological environment.

(2) Construction of wetlands

Building wet land is also an important part of large-scale water conservancy construction. Through the rational development and allocation of water resources in the basin, we can maintain a healthy water cycle in the basin, manage the risks of various natural disasters in the basin, and form moist land with good ecological environment.

1, wet land. The land in the basin should be moist, showing a good ecological environment. The ecological environment of the basin is dominated and influenced by the water cycle of the basin. In the planning of river basin water resources, it is necessary to ensure the ecological water demand of the river basin, and maintain the stable groundwater level, suitable water surface area and green space area through the utilization of flood resources and the allocation of water resources. In the planning of flood control and drainage in the basin, the capacity of regulating runoff and surface infiltration should be increased as much as possible.

2. All kinds of natural disasters in the basin will also have adverse effects on human beings and natural ecosystems. Natural disaster risk management should be fully integrated into the river basin land planning and urban flood control planning, so as to avoid and reduce all kinds of adverse effects as much as possible.

(3) Building a prosperous and sustainable river basin society.

The ultimate goal of large-scale water conservancy construction is to support the prosperity and sustainable development of the basin. The development of river basins is often restricted by water resources. To meet the demand of river basin development for water resources, it is necessary to improve the carrying capacity of water resources, water environment and water ecology. The measures to improve the carrying capacity of water resources include: forming a water-saving society and a recycling society in the basin, which is conducive to the establishment of a harmonious society.

In order to form a water-saving society and a recycling society, it is necessary to develop various water-saving technologies, pollution control technologies, sewage recycling technologies and ecological restoration technologies, improve water purification capacity, adjust the industrial structure of river basins, and reduce the demand for water resources for economic and social development.

Harmonious society includes harmony between man and nature and harmony between man and society. In water conservancy construction, it is necessary to improve the water conservancy management system and deal with the harmony between people and between people and society.

Five, big water conservancy and people's livelihood water conservancy

The theory of large-scale water conservancy embodies Scientific Outlook on Development, and its essence is to pursue the harmony between man and water, man and society in the process of water control, and to improve the ecological environment of the basin to support the prosperity and sustainable development of the basin society, which should also be the basis of people's livelihood water conservancy.

Water conservancy for people's livelihood benefits the people first through the construction and management of water conservancy projects, while large water conservancy projects seek to improve the safety, comfort and affluence of the basin on the premise of realizing the harmony between people and water, which can not only meet the short-term interests of the people, but also consolidate the foundation of sustainable development of the basin, and also meet the long-term interests of the people and benefit future generations.

People's livelihood water conservancy should reflect the fairness in the process of water conservancy construction and management, and some people should not benefit and some people suffer, nor should they sacrifice the ecological environment of the river basin in pursuit of economic benefits, thus sacrificing the fundamental interests of the people. Ensuring fairness through the construction of water-related laws and regulations is also an important content of large-scale water conservancy, such as the reasonable compensation and resettlement of water conservancy construction immigrants, the principle of fairness embodied in water conservancy construction, the reasonable compensation for the use of flood storage and detention areas, the compensation for the benefit victims by the beneficiaries of water conservancy construction, the benefit distribution of water conservancy and hydropower projects, and the establishment of flood insurance system.

Water conservancy for people's livelihood should also guarantee the people's right to participate in the decision-making of water conservancy project construction and management, the right to know about interests and the right to share interests. Under the principle of achieving harmony between people and between people and society, these rights should be guaranteed by law.

People's livelihood water conservancy is a high generalization of "people-oriented" in water conservancy construction and management, is the need of building a harmonious society, and is an important embodiment of Scientific Outlook on Development. People's livelihood water conservancy enriches the theory of large water conservancy, puts forward the development goal of water conservancy industry at this stage more vividly, and summarizes the practical experience of people's livelihood water conservancy can better improve and develop the theory of large water conservancy.

6. Comparison between the big water conservancy theory and the traditional water conservancy theory

The theory of large-scale water conservancy is developed on the basis of traditional water conservancy theory, but there are essential differences between them. In this regard, we can see the difference in 1 3 from the table1.

Seven. conclusion

Great achievements have been made in water conservancy construction, which has supported the country's economic development, but there have also been many problems. The main problem is over-exploitation of water resources at the expense of environmental and ecological interests. This also shows that the traditional water conservancy theory can't guarantee the sustainable development of river basin society, which is against Scientific Outlook on Development. On the basis of summarizing and reflecting the traditional water conservancy theory, the theory of large-scale water conservancy is put forward on the premise of giving full play to the resource function, environmental function and ecological function of water, on the principle of harmony between people and water, and on the goal of supporting the sustainable development of river basin society. People's livelihood water conservancy is an important goal of water conservancy project construction and management under the guidance of Scientific Outlook on Development. Water conservancy benefits the people is fundamental, but it should fully reflect social fairness and the fairness of contemporary and future generations. The development of the theory of large-scale water conservancy is helpful to realize the goal of people's livelihood water conservancy. This is a brand-new field, and there are many problems to be studied and practiced.