What is the background knowledge of TOEFL reading test?

1. Bering Strait Immigration Theory

2. Indian culture

3. Indian religious view

4. Indian construction industry: large and advanced.

5. Indian handicrafts: not bad.

6. Social organization structure: strict, fine division of labor and strong cohesion.

7. Advanced agriculture: a. Irrationalization; Corn, pumpkin, beans and peas.

Second, the theme of animals and plants (compulsory)

1. Botanical theme (rare)

A. Lichens, mosses, fungi and mushrooms are the most common.

B. creatures above the crown.

C. the role of plants in ecological balance.

2. Zoology theme (more than 90%)

A. do more experiments with ordinary animals. Recently, the intelligence and extinction of birds, ants and animals have been tested frequently (connecting astronomy and glacier theory).

B. test animal evolution.

C. classification of test animals.

Phylum (singular phylum)-phylum-class-order-family-genus-genus-species-carnivore/carnivore-herbivore-omnivore

D. the living habits of animals are the most common.

The habits of social animals.

A) Ants: social organization structure-caste-communication mode-pheromone-smell; The source of life; The harmfulness of alien species.

B) bees: gregarious personality; "8" dance; Bee intelligence; Defense; Natural enemy-bumblebee.

Gorilla: intelligence: the relationship between gorillas

K) immigration

Wild ducks and geese: sunshine length; Determine the direction.

Camouflage, flower mimicry.

Third, the theme of archaeology.

1. Cultural archaeology

Physical archaeology (see more)

2. Fossils

J fossil composition. Fossils are heavier than before (mineral environment)

Reasons for the formation of k fossils. Hard substance, quickly buried.

The evolutionary relationship between fossils and animals.

3. People's right and left hands

Use tools. Evidence: scratches caused by knocking; The shape of the handle.

There are scratches on the teeth.

L the size difference between the left and right hemispheres of the brain; Difference of phalanx thickness.

The direction of portrait in painting.

4. Ancient ceramic archaeology.

Clay, model, wheel, glaze, kiln

5. Archaeology of ancient characters.

Fourth, the theme of American history.

1. American development clues

The stage of discovering America

Columbus (Italy) means gold, tea and spices.

West/east indies

Impact: the change of world outlook; Changes in the national situation; (Ireland-Potato Famine)

British colonial stage (British colonization)

Captain John Smith, the first immigrant, influenced the Puritans.

1620 Mayflower

L colonial era (colonial era)

American Revolution.

New country: North-South imbalance

O civil war.

P post-war reconstruction. It lasted nearly 100 years.

Westward Movement

Great development of industrialization

American World War I&II

End: 1960

2. "melting pot": geographical location; National integration 1960; Cultural integration.

3. Postal services. J pony express; K railway station.

Verb (abbreviation for verb) geographical theme

1. Geographical phenomena, soil composition, snowfall and rainfall.

2. Glaciers, foundations and dangers of moving glaciers

3. Earth composition: geocentric composition

M plan, DSDP (Deep Sea Drilling Project) plan, ultra-high temperature and high pressure for seismic wave detection.

Shell (shell)

Mantle upper mantle; lower mantle

The core of the earth

4. Plate tectonic theory

Convergent collision; Extended tension crack

Ground particles and hot spots in mantle plume; A sneaked into b; Slip past each other

VI. Astronomical themes

Test Jupiter and the sun, and recently test comets and asteroids.

1. Universe, universe, galaxy, nebula, star, sun, planet, meteorite, moon, asteroid.

2. Eight planets

Mercury-Mercury, Venus-Venus, Earth-Earth, Mars-Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune (Pluto, the ninth largest planet, has been expelled from the list of planets by astronomy).

3. Material particles

Molecule-molecule, particle-particle, proton-proton, electron-electron, neutron, photon-photon, ion-ion.

7. Literary and artistic themes

1. Literature

J literary school; K writers and works; L literary genre; The life of m writers.

2. Art

J school, examiner painting school, sculpture school

K development: 19 the reason why the United States was backward before the world and then advanced: the economy was developed.

L improvement method: learn from Europe, especially Britain and France.

M works of art are imported from Britain and France: not local; The production technology level is backward.

The above is the background knowledge of TOEFL reading in six categories. Wish you all the best in TOEFL.