What did the Ming Dynasty do when it gradually lost the rule of Liaodong?

The deterioration of the situation in Liaodong actually stems from the failure of the strategy of managing Liaodong in the Ming Dynasty. Although Liaodong was brought under the jurisdiction of Daming in the early Ming Dynasty, the number of Han people in Liaodong was too small, but it was actually still implemented. Control foreigners with foreigners? The fetters of the system, and the purpose is to contain the strength is still strong Mongolian ministries. With the strategic contraction of the Ming Dynasty after Yongle, Liaodong began to get out of control, which eventually led to the rise of Jurchen. With the two decisive battles of Salhu and Songjin, the Liaodong problem finally deteriorated completely.

Liaodong Town in the early years of Wanli

Although Liaodong was under the jurisdiction of Daming, it was actually? Control foreigners with foreigners?

in the early Ming dynasty, in order to contain and outflank the remnants of the northern yuan dynasty, the Ming dynasty began to pay attention to the management of Liaodong, and finally established the slave capital division. In order to consolidate the control of Liaodong and improve the appearance of few local Han people, Hongwu and Yongle even immigrated to Liaodong many times during the years, but due to the poor living conditions and other reasons, the results were minimal.

Due to the fact that the proportion of local ethnic minorities is too large, Liaodong was brought under the jurisdiction of Daming, but what was actually implemented? Control foreigners with foreigners? In this way, Liaodong officials were mainly held by local ethnic minorities, and the military management system was implemented. Daming did not set up a local government to manage civil affairs, which was one of the main reasons why the Ming Dynasty failed to operate Liaodong, which led to the gradual deterioration of the situation in Liaodong in the middle and late period.

Jurchen has always lived in Liaodong area, which is mainly divided into Jianzhou Jurchen, Haixi Jurchen and Savage Jurchen (or Donghai Jurchen). Because Jianzhou Jurchen is closest to the Ming Dynasty and is greatly influenced by the Central Plains, it has become the most powerful of the three jurchen films. Among them, Jianzhou Jurchen is divided into three parts: Jianzhou Wei, Jianzhou Zuowei and Jianzhou Youwei, which are collectively called? Jianzhou Sanwei? .

Nuerhachi's sixth ancestor, Mengge Timur, was the commander-in-chief of Jianzhou Wei Zuo. Later, Mengge Timur was killed by the Wudiha tribe in the north, and the Jianzhou Department was forced to move south, merged into Jianzhou Wei and settled in Xingjing. With the close contact with the Ming government, the Jianzhou Department began to flourish rapidly.

In the fourth year of Qin Long (157), when Nurhachi was the head of the Jianzhou Department of the Ming Dynasty, Wang Gao, the right-back of Jianzhou, and Li Chengliang, the general commander of Liaodong, successively made an insurrection, which led to? Jianzhou Sanwei? After the disintegration, the tribes dispersed and went their own way.

Nuerhachi unified the Jurchen, and the battle of Salhu made Liaodong out of control

In the 14th year of Wanli (1586), Nuerhachi was appointed as the commander, with thirteen generations of ancestors and fathers, and successively annexed and conquered the Jurchen and the Savage Jurchen in Haixi, and began to gradually unify the various departments of Jurchen, and at the same time established the Eight Banners system. By the thirty-third year of Wanli (165), Nurhachi had begun to call himself king internally, moved the capital to Hetuala, and began to gradually create independent characters.

Nurhachi

In the forty-fourth year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1616), Nurhachi said in Hetuala that he had nurtured the wisdom of all nations. , country name? Daikin? . Later, Nurhachi thought that the Ming Dynasty was partial to Nuzhen Yehe Department and resented it, which was driven by the forty-sixth year of Wanli (1618). Seven hates? On the grounds that arise against Ming.

At first, the Ming Dynasty paid no attention to Nurhachi's series of actions, until Nurhachi officially rebelled against the Ming Dynasty, and successively attacked many places. After the local defenders were helpless, the Ming Dynasty began to turn its attention to Liaodong, and began to deploy troops from various places to prepare to destroy Nurhachi, thus opening the prelude to the battle of Salhu.

in the forty-seventh year of Wanli (1619), Ming Shenzong ordered Yang Gao to lead four Ming armies, namely Jundu, Li Rubai, Marin and Liu Ding, to attack the Jin army and prepare to attack Hetuala, the base camp of Houjin. However, under the influence of the information leakage of the Ming army, the different military administrations, the constant urging of the imperial court and the improper command of Yang Hao, the Fourth Route Ming Army was defeated by Nurhachi one by one, and the Ming army was defeated.

after this war, the Ming dynasty began to lose its initiative in Liaodong and entered a passive strategic defense stage. In the same year of the Battle of Salhu, Nurhachi proclaimed himself emperor, and his title was Daikin.

in the late Jin dynasty, the east marched to the west to pacify the rear, and the battle of Songjin was fought. The Ming dynasty retreated to the customs

In March of the first year of the Apocalypse (1621), Nurhachi led a heavy siege of Shenyang, and Shenyang, a major town in eastern Liaoning, was solved because of the surrender and rebellion in the city. In the same year, after the invasion of Liaoyang, the late Jin moved its capital to this place, and then moved its capital to Shenyang in the fifth year of the Apocalypse (1625) and renamed it Shengjing.

The situation in the latter Jin Dynasty

In the sixth year of the apocalypse (1626), Nurhachi attacked Ningyuan, but he did not conquer it. In the same year, Nurhachi died of illness, and Huang Taiji, the eighth son of the Emperor, won the battle for Chu Jun and became the later emperor.

after Huang taiji succeeded to the throne, he began to carry out reforms in politics, military affairs, economy, nationality, the Eight Banners, foreign affairs and other aspects. After completing the internal reforms, he began to attack Ningjin defense line again, with the intention of breaking through the customs, and launched the battle of Ningyuan and Ningjin successively, but all ended in failure.

after Huang taiji's two defeats, Huang taiji began to gather strength again. On the one hand, he reorganized his armaments and began to equip new equipment, including red cannons, to enhance the combat effectiveness and ability of the army. On the other hand, they fought all over the country. While unifying the whole northeast, they forced North Korea to submit to the south, and by forming an alliance with Horqin Department, Kerkha Department and other eastern Mongolian ministries, they attacked Ligdan Khan in Chahar, Mongolia, and began to infiltrate into the desert south, threatening Daming's border defense from the east and north.

In the eighth year of Chongzhen (1635), with the return of Ligdan Khan's son, E Zhe, the latter Jin completely ensured the security of the rear and flank, and threatened Daming's border defense from the northeast and Monan, and gradually encroached on Ningjin's defense line. The following year, Huang taiji was honored in Shenyang? Emperor Kuan Wen Ren Sheng? , change the name of the country to Qing, and change the name of the family? Manchuria? , change to Chongde.

In the 13th year of Chongzhen (164), after the occupation of Monan, the Qing court, Huang Taiji led an army to besiege Jinzhou, and many times the surrounding Ming troops went to rescue it, but all failed. The following year, Wu Bashi, the garrison commander of Dongguan, Jinzhou, fell to the Qing Dynasty, and the Qing army captured the outer city of Jinzhou. Chongzhen quickly ordered Hong Chengchou to lead Wang Pu, Yang Guozhu, Tang Tong, Bai Guangen, Cao Bianjiao, Marco, Wang Tingchen and Wu Sangui to ride one hundred and thirty thousand troops to Liaodong to solve the siege of Jinzhou, and the battle of Songjin broke out.

After Hong Chengchou led his troops to the front line, the two sides won and lost the first battle. Hong Chengchou advocated slow and steady progress, but the court took? How many soldiers are there? On the grounds of urging the war for many times, Chongzhen even imperial edict Hong Chengchou? Enter the army on time? , and sent Ma Shaoyu, Zhang Ruoqi for the Ministry of War staff, staff card shark to urge the decisive battle. As a result, the two sides fought a decisive battle in Songshan and Jinzhou. As a result, the Ming army fell into a tight encirclement because of its rashness, and then broke through without authorization because the generals did not listen to the commander's orders, which eventually led to a fiasco of the Ming army.