Analysis of environmental problems in water conservancy projects?

Among many contemporary human projects, the environmental problems caused by water conservancy projects have attracted people's attention. The main goal of water conservancy project is to turn the adverse influence of water flow in nature into beneficial use under the intervention of human beings. The construction process of water conservancy projects inevitably involves the relationship between man and nature, that is, engineering ethics. Therefore, this paper examines the environmental problems in water conservancy projects from the perspective of modern engineering ethics, hoping to help the opening and teaching of the course "Engineering Ethics".

Second, the environmental problems in water conservancy projects engineering ethics thinking

The Three Gorges Project is an outstanding example of water conservancy projects in China, which has brought great benefits in flood control, power generation and shipping, but in recent years, it has also caused a series of problems such as water environment and geological disasters, which has attracted the attention of relevant departments and the masses. After the impoundment of the Three Gorges Water Conservancy Project, due to the decline of backwater, velocity and self-purification ability of water body, many tributaries bloom-water quality problems caused by the crazy growth of algae in a short time. In addition, damming has changed the river flow conditions in the upper and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, causing many other problems, including landslides and migration in the Three Gorges reservoir area, the relationship between rivers and lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, bank collapse caused by clear water erosion, and changes in the living environment of aquatic animals and fish. Therefore, this paper will think about the environmental problems in China's water conservancy projects from the perspective of environmental ethics and river ethics, and clarify the development context of the formation of ethics in water conservancy projects. Faced with the environmental problems caused by many water conservancy projects in the world today, many experts and scholars in the field of environmental protection have philosophically thought about it, forming a situation in which environmental optimism and pessimism are opposed. We think it is necessary to treat environmental problems dialectically. Too optimistic and too pessimistic will pay a huge price and hinder the development of hydropower in China. We believe that as long as detailed scientific argumentation and extensive brainstorming are carried out, we are fully capable of coping with the adverse effects brought by water conservancy projects and developing water resources reasonably and efficiently. Of course, the environmental problems involved in water conservancy projects are complex, and we cannot rely solely on the efforts of water conservancy experts and builders, but also need the participation of people from all walks of life. First of all, before the water conservancy project proposal, it is necessary to carry out in-depth philosophical thinking and scientific demonstration. Many experts and scholars conducted detailed argumentation and investigation on the Three Gorges Project long before it started. From Dr. Sun Yat-sen to Comrade Mao Zedong, the Three Gorges Project was not started until 1994. Another example is Dujiangyan water conservancy project, which has a history of more than 2500 years since Li Bing was built. After many maintenance, it still plays a role in irrigation, flood control, water supply, power generation, aquaculture and tourism. The continuous operation of the project is due to its internal organic whole system and the maintenance work of future generations. It is reasonable to improve it after fully understanding its system structure. It is a materialist dialectics theory in water conservancy projects. Facts have proved that a good water conservancy project can create a long-term source of happiness for the people, while a bad water conservancy project will soon be eliminated by history. With long-term consideration, careful planning and scientific demonstration, the Three Gorges Water Conservancy Project can serve the people of China as long as Dujiangyan Water Conservancy Project. Secondly, the river is a complex system, just like the human body system, the river needs humanistic care. River ecosystem is a complex, open, dynamic, unbalanced and nonlinear system, involving four systems: nature, economy, society and engineering. Dong Zheren (2009) put forward the whole model of river ecosystem structure and function, which is very helpful to guide the future development of water conservancy projects in China. However, people will always be the role of consumers, and the implementation of water conservancy projects will inevitably lead to conflicts between people and nature. The traditional thinking mode of binary opposition between subject and object is the deep cause of environmental ethics problems. Therefore, it is necessary to build a new and harmonious relationship between subject and object from the perspective of scientific development, so as to truly support the improvement of environmental ethics, be conducive to sustainable development, and get rid of the previous thinking of people-centered and all mankind, which may make contemporary water conservancy projects better serve mankind and avoid conflicts with nature.

Thirdly, the proposition and controversy of river ethics.

World-famous rivers have nurtured local civilizations, including the Liuhuang Valley in China. However, with the development of industrial civilization, the ecological environment of the Yellow River Basin has been greatly damaged. How to treat the river has been put on the agenda, and the concept of "river ethics" has also emerged. In 2004, the Yellow River Conservancy Committee put forward a new concept of "maintaining the healthy life of the Yellow River", and the Yangtze River Conservancy Committee also put forward the slogan of "healthy Yangtze River", which further developed into the basic concepts of "rebuilding the ethics of human-river relationship" and "river ethics". River ethics is a very inclusive concept, involving a wide range and a large span, with the characteristics of marginality and intersection. No matter for water conservancy, humanities or social sciences, the study of river ethics system is a brand-new frontier discipline. River ethics can be regarded as a branch of environmental ethics, and some norms in environmental ethics can be used as reference guides to guide contemporary river management and research. However, it is still controversial to extend the object of moral concern to natural objects such as rivers, which is often questioned by traditional ideology, because people always unconsciously think about problems and decide their own behaviors with human beings as the center. At the same time, the situation of rivers in the world is very different, the existing state is different, and the degree of human development and utilization is also very different, which leads to many difficulties in the development of river ethics, such as the following views:

(1) Rivers don't have the same feelings and initiative as human beings, so they can't think, react and take corresponding responsibilities as human subjects.

(2) If the river becomes the subject of ethics, it will enjoy the subject status and rights like people, which is incredible;

(3) The equality of rights between rivers and human beings will lead to the decline of human relative status, which is a derogatory value to human beings. Although the river has become an ethical theme, it does not mean that it has the same power as human beings. The river itself has the proposition of "intrinsic value", which does not mean that all intrinsic values are equal. In addition to thinking about river management from a philosophical point of view, we must never ignore the role of science and technology in river management. We must carry out detailed quantitative research in order to understand the relationship between human beings and rivers more clearly and develop rivers to serve human beings. River management engineering and river ethics involve how to evaluate the ecological environment and health status of a river, which leads to the problem of "river health", which is of great practical significance for us to practice river ethics and guide river research. The design, construction and operation of water conservancy projects in the future must combine scientific and technological support with philosophical thinking, which is the only way to achieve harmony between people and water.

Fourth, summary.

At present, the human population is huge, and the natural environment is heavily loaded. As consumers, people are bound to ask for resources from nature. We contemporary people shoulder the unshirkable responsibility of doing a good job in the environment. Environmental protection needs to construct a clear protection system to restrain people, and the environmental protection system needs to have the foundation of social system. We need to carefully analyze the concrete contents and forms of the construction of environmental protection social system from the perspectives of the significance of social system and the construction of social system itself, the reconstruction of natural concept and the construction of value significance of environmental protection system, and seek the importance and necessity of the construction of institutional significance in the construction of people-oriented environmental protection social system, so as to grasp the construction of people-oriented environmental protection system from different levels of theory and practice. The coordinated development of science and technology, the construction of moral environment system and humanistic thought requires the full cooperation of people from all walks of life. Only when we join hands can we have a bright future. The context system of environmental ethics and river ethics derived from engineering ethics is our methodology to deal with the harmonious coexistence between man and nature.

I believe that after the above introduction, everyone has a certain understanding of the environmental problems in water conservancy projects. Welcome to Zhong Da for more information.

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