Relationship between Hakkas in Chaoshan, South Fujian

Minnan people are a branch of Fulao clan. They are mainly distributed in Zhangzhou, Quanzhou, Xiamen and Taiwan Province provinces in Fujian, and Chaoshan, Leizhou and Hainan Island in Guangdong. The language they speak is a branch of Fujian dialect, called Minnan dialect. The sub-dialects of Minnan dialect are also quite complicated, which can be divided into Zhangzhou dialect, Quanzhou dialect, Xiamen dialect, Taiwan dialect, Chaoshan dialect, Leizhou dialect and Hainan dialect. Only residents who speak Zhangzhou dialect, Quanzhou dialect, Xiamen dialect and Taiwan dialect can communicate. Residents who speak Chaoshan dialect, Leizhou dialect and Hainan dialect cannot talk to each other at all.

The definition of Chaoshan people is not immutable, but a historical, regional and cultural name. In a narrow sense, Chaoshan people refer to Chaozhou, Shantou and Jieyang, as well as Liu Liu Town, Tangkeng Town, Tangnan Town, Feng Liang Town, Puzhai Town and Liu Dong Town in Fengshun County of Meizhou City. They are Heluo people with similar Chaoshan cultural background. They call themselves chaozhou people, because most of these areas were originally under the jurisdiction of Chaozhou Fucheng. This also includes a large number of Hakkas in China, some of whom are already Heluo people due to various factors of intermarriage. For example, some Hakkas in Huangliu Town in Fengshun, Gurao Town in Chaoyang, Liangying Town in Huilai County and Qianzhan Town are all Heluo people. These are some phenomena of the so-called "chaozhou people, the ancestor of Hakkas".

In a broad sense, Chaoshan people include Heluo people in Hailufeng area of Shanwei, which can also be understood as the integration of the original Chaozhou government and Shanwei city, with similar language and folk culture. Lufeng is close to three Jiazi towns, Jiadong town and Jiaxi town in Huilai area, as well as Jieshi town, Nantang town and Neihu town. It is a good hall with distinctive features such as Chaoshan culture, English songs and Kung Fu tea. As for the Xuanwu Mountain Buddha in jieshi town, it is a holy place for Chaoshan people to worship. Chaoshan Guild Hall in history and Chaoshan Chamber of Commerce distributed all over the world can also witness the combination of Chaoshan merchants and Hailufeng merchants. In addition, many Shanwei people overseas, especially in Hong Kong and Macao, will also identify themselves as chaozhou people. However, because Hailufeng area has been far away from Chaoshan base camp for a long time, it has almost always been under the jurisdiction of the original Huizhou government, and it is inevitable that there is insufficient sense of identity. In addition, the unpleasant experiences experienced by Chaoshan people who have passed through Hailufeng section of National Highway 324 do not quite agree with Hailufeng. This requires the joint efforts and mutual recognition of both sides in the future. After all, whether they like it or not, the concept of Chaoshan has been gradually accepted by outsiders. In fact, the phenomenon of one glory and one loss has begun to appear.

Hakka is a characteristic ethnic group of Han nationality, and it is also one of the most widely distributed and far-reaching ethnic groups of Han nationality in the world. They are distributed in Meixian County, Xingning County, dapu county County, Wuhua County and Huiyang County in Guangdong Province, and in parts of Jiangxi, Sichuan, Guangxi, Hunan, Taiwan Province Province, Hainan and Fujian, and distributed in about 120 counties. Ancestors lived in the Yellow River valley, and went south in large numbers in the late Western Jin Dynasty (early 4th century) and the late Tang Dynasty (late 9th century) due to war. /kloc-after the demise of the southern song dynasty in the 0' s and 270' s, it moved to Jiangxi, Fujian and Guangdong. Call themselves "Hakkas" or "Lairen" to distinguish them from the locals. Hakka dialect is one of Chinese dialects, which retains more ancient Chinese phonology. Folk songs have a unique style. Hakkas keep their own customs and traditions in the area where they live. Women are full of energy, participate in labor production, are not bound by feudal bad habits, and are brave in making progress. In modern times, after the failure of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement, many Hakkas were forced to disperse to a wider area, some moved to Taiwan Province Province and Hongkong, or lived in Nanyang.

There are many theories about the origin of Hakka, mainly including Hakka Zhongyuan theory and Hakka mixed-race theory. The theory of Hakka Central Plains holds that the main body of Hakka people is immigrants from the Central Plains, while the theory of Hakka aborigines holds that "Hakka * * is the same main body produced by the integration of Han people who moved south and ancient Vietnamese immigrants in the triangle area of Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi, and its main body is the ancient Vietnamese living in this land, not a few Central Plains people living in this area". Since the Song Dynasty, the Han nationality in the Central Plains moved southward on a large scale, passing through southern Jiangxi and western Fujian to Meizhou, and finally formed a relatively mature and stable Hakka family. Since then, Hakkas, based in Meizhou, have moved abroad in large numbers and moved to the whole country and even the rest of the world. The "three Hakka States" are Jiaying, Ganzhou and Tingzhou.

Hakka custom

Hakka customs generally include national traditional festivals, local sacrifices and rituals.

Major festivals

☆ Spring Festival: It is the most solemn festival with New Year greetings and entertainment activities.

Beginning of spring: It's spring.

Lantern Festival: The 15th day of the first month is the traditional Lantern Festival in China. Eat, play and enjoy the Lantern Festival in solving riddles.

☆ February 2: Festival.

☆ Qingming: Hakka grave-sweeping customs mostly start from the vernal equinox, and Qingming reaches its climax.

☆ Dragon Boat Festival: Hakka people generally call it May Festival. The main contents of the festival are eating zongzi, realgar wine and dragon boat racing.

☆ July Festival: Ghost Festival.

☆ Mid-Autumn Festival: commonly known as August Festival. Eating moon cakes and enjoying the moon are generally the same.

☆ Double Ninth Festival: Hakka people call it "September Festival".

☆ Solstice of winter: Hakkas have a saying that "winter is a big festival".