What is the story of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty in his later years?

Before Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty, there were only a handful of emperors who lived to be 70 years old, and Liu Che of the Han Dynasty was one of them. The reign time was also the longest in the Han Dynasty-54 years. Compared with Qin Shihuang, Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty, Emperor Taizong, Song Taizu, Genghis Khan and Ming Taizu, only Ming Taizu lived one year longer than him, but his time as emperor was much shorter. However, the emperor's old age was not satisfactory.

During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Dong 'ou, South Vietnam, Fujian and Vietnam, North Korea were destroyed successively, Southwest Yi was leveled, Xiongnu was defeated, and four counties in Hexi were set up to connect with the western regions, which laid the foundation for the extremely prosperous territory of the Han Dynasty. He further weakened the power of the princes. The threat of separatism has been completely eliminated and centralization has been greatly strengthened. He personally commanded, blocked the breach of the long-term flood of the Yellow River, and restored the original channel of the Yellow River. Build water conservancy and expand farmland; Roads leading to the southwest and northwest borders were built. The Han Dynasty was the most prosperous period since the founding of the People's Republic of China, and the achievements of Emperor Wudi reached its peak. However, under the condition that the emperor's power is supreme and free from any constraints, the decades-long throne has caused the original drawbacks of Emperor Wu's later years, such as extravagance, extravagance and waste, superstition of ghosts and gods and harsh criminal law, to expand viciously, resulting in serious consequences.

After decades of accumulation, the money in the national treasury was once very abundant. Before the old grain was used up, the new grain was put into storage again. As a result, the food was rotten and could not be eaten. A large number of copper coins in the warehouse have not been used for a long time, the string of money is rotten, and the copper coins are scattered all over the floor, so it is impossible to count them. However, these materials gathered by tens of millions of farmers and handicraft workers every year were quickly consumed by Emperor Wu, because war, road building, city building, immigration and river regulation all required a lot of expenses and manpower, and because the original grain producers became consumers, the newly produced grain was bound to decrease. With the extension of the front and the expansion of the territory, the distance of transporting grain is getting farther and farther, and the cost is amazing. Because from the eastern grain-producing areas to the northern and northwestern frontiers, people and animals have to eat a lot of food and feed on the long journey, and only a few can transport it. According to Zhu's statistics, Qin Shihuang transported grain from the Bohai coast of Shandong Peninsula to Hetao, and the result was "thirty-one stone". The grain transported to the destination was1192 of the output. The level of the Han Dynasty was roughly the same, but the destinations were as far away as Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, Hexi Corridor, North and South Tianshan Mountains, and even Fergana Valley in Central Asia. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty once mobilized 6,543,800 people to build cities in Shuofang, moved 720,000 poor people in Kanto to the northwest, recruited 600,000 soldiers to station fields in border counties, and tens of thousands of people built roads in the southwest to settle tens of thousands of Huns. At least in the initial stage, these people must be completely supplied with food and necessary means of production by the government. At that time, each person needed about 18 tons of grain every year, and 720,000 people needed grain129,600 tons. At the most, the grain imported from Kanto to Guanzhong was only 6 million tons a year. How can the national treasury not be empty with such a large consumption?

When Zheng was a senior agricultural official, he suggested opening a canal to divert water from the Weihe River, pass through Chang 'an City and enter the Yellow River along the Qinling Mountains, which not only facilitated water transportation, but also irrigated tens of thousands of hectares of farmland. Tens of thousands of people worked for three years, and the canal was opened, with good benefits. This aroused the enthusiasm of Emperor Wu and his ministers to build water conservancy projects, and large projects were launched one after another. The plan of the Taishou of Hedong (now southwest Shanxi) is to connect Fenshui with the Yellow River, which can not only replace the water transportation to the east of the bottom pillar (formerly Sanmenxia dangerous stone), but also increase 5000 hectares of land and increase the output of 2 million stone valleys every year. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty invested tens of thousands of soldiers to reclaim these "canal fields". Because the Yellow River in this area is often diverted, the channels are not used at all, and the canal fields are not even collected in Chengdu, so they can only be left to waste. It has also been suggested that grain can be transported by oblique roads. Zhang Tang, an ancient scholar, believed that food can be transported by oblique water through the praise of nutritious water and Hanshui River, and hundreds of miles between the two waters can be transported by car. In this way, the valley in Hanzhong can be transported to Guanzhong, and the food in Kanto can also be transported from Hanshui without going through the natural barrier of the Yellow River. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty listened very well, so he named Zhang Tang's son as the satrap of Hanzhong, and was responsible for opening the channel of praise and criticism. Thousands of people have built more than 500 miles of roads. Although the distance is close and the transportation is convenient, the water is praised and inclined quickly, and the water is shallow and rocky. From Baoshui to Guanzhong, it is against the current and there is no way to sail. The Longshou Canal, which took Guanzhong more than ten years to open, did not achieve the expected benefits and was "not spared". In the second year of Yuanfeng (109), Emperor Wu personally presided over the breach and blocked the flood for 23 years, which made unprecedented achievements. This once again triggered the climax of large-scale water conservancy construction. For a time, "water conservancy was disputed by users". Shuofang, Xihe and Jiuquan in the northwest frontier are all irrigated by water from the Yellow River and Sichuan Valley. The projects launched in Guanzhong include Lingting, Guo Cheng and Qu Wei, Runan and Jiujiang (now north and south of Huaihe River) to draw water from Huaihe River, Donghai County (now southern Shandong and northern Jiangsu) to draw huge water, and Taishan Mountain to draw water from Taishan Mountain. Among these projects, the Guo Cheng Canal and the white canal built later were successful. It brings long-term benefits, but most of them only deal with political tasks, wasting people and money. If the canal is opened in Shuo, it will cost hundreds of millions, but it has no effect. In this climate, the Qi people put forward an even more amazing plan: to lead the Yellow River into the Xiongnu area, so that there would be no more floods in Kanto and the Xiongnu would die without fighting. Finally, Emperor Wu's mind was clear. Although he praised the spirit of prolonging life and praised him as "thoughtful", he did not adopt it.

If there are some considerations for the people in water conservancy projects, then other expenses are purely for the personal needs of Emperor Wu. For example, Liang Wudi gave countless rewards to heroes, soldiers and luck. In the fifth year of Yuanshuo, Wei Junqing got more than 200,000 Jin, and in the fourth year of Yuanshou, Wei Qing and Huo Qubing got 500,000 Jin. Liar Luan was rewarded with 654.38+100,000 Jin of gold once. Of course, these "gold" are not real gold, but may only be high-purity copper, but even so, the value is huge. As for the reception and remuneration of "foreign guests" and "envoys", they are treated as a significant political task, which is naturally not an economic account. Liang Wudi built palace towers in Guanzhong, leaving palaces everywhere. It has successively built Ganquan Palace, White Balcony and Chenglou Cactus. The so-called cactus is a huge copper plate with a height of 20 feet and a circumference of 7, and the cost can be imagined. Later, Feilian and Guiguan were built in Chang 'an, and Yishou Pavilion and Yanshou Pavilion were built in Ganquan Palace, reaching the sky and expanding Ganquan Palace. In the first year of Taichu (BC 104), in order to accept the "top plan" of the governors of Ganquan Palace (report the basic situation of local household registration, taxation, grain output, etc. ), emperor wudi specially built a hotel to receive princes. He also ordered the construction of Zhang Jian Palace, which was large-scale and involved thousands of families. The front hall is higher than the Weiyang Hall, and the Phoenix Pavilion in the east is more than 20 feet high. In the west, there is a tiger circle in Fiona Fang that is dozens of miles long. There is a large pool in the north, called Taiye Pool, with Penglai, Abbot, Yingzhou, Hu Liang and other islands in the middle, and a gradual platform more than 20 feet high. In the south, there are jade halls, wall doors and carved birds. , and a 50-foot-high Shen Ming platform and a dry building, which are interconnected by corridors.

Some waste is caused by the system, but it is huge. According to the practice of the Han dynasty, the emperor began to repair the mausoleum after he ascended the throne, so the annual income of the "Shaofu" mausoleum, which belongs to the emperor's private property, is 1/3. Because of the huge mausoleum project, emperors who had been in office for a short time often died before they could be completely restored. Emperor Wu reigned for 54 years. Later, the funerary objects were filled with tombs, and there was no room for the new parts added every year. But who dares to change this system?

Emperor Wu's extravagance is largely related to his superstition and vanity. For example, in the first year of Yuanfeng (1 10 years ago), Mount Tai held a spring outing ceremony, which was regarded as a "life-and-death" event and a symbol of "being ordered by heaven". A surname in charge of astronomical observation, national history and archives made Sima Tan (Sima Qian's father) unable to be satisfied with his wealth, so he could not afford to be ill. What Emperor Wu did was to seek immortality, elixir of life, alchemy, and satisfy personal desires. At the beginning of Emperor Wu's accession to the throne, he paid special attention to ghosts and gods, so a group of swindlers came into being.

Li, a native of Shenze (now Shenze County, Hebei Province), was the first to come out. He used to be a doctor of the Shenze Hou family. He has always claimed that he is 70 years old. He can change his partner according to his own will and live forever, and often leaves some money and food and clothing. Everyone can see that he has never been in charge of industry, but he is so rich and doesn't know his origin. He thought he was a stranger and tried to serve him. I once met an old man in his nineties at a banquet in Hou 'an. Li said that he had played with his grandfather somewhere. The old man did go there with his grandfather when he was a child. I still remember that everyone present was surprised. When he met Emperor Wu, he saw an old bronze statue beside him and said, "This was put on the cypress bed by Qi Huangong for ten years." When Emperor Wu saw the inscription, it was indeed a vessel of Qi Huangong's time, and everyone in the palace thought that he was a fairy several hundred years old. He suggested to Emperor Wu that "worshipping the stove" would "cause things to happen" (changing things according to his will), cinnabar could be turned into gold, making utensils with gold could prolong life, you could see the sea gods, and then you could not die, just like the Yellow Emperor. He said: "once I met an qisheng at sea, and he gave me dates as big as melons." An Qisheng is a fairy who lives in Penglai, but he sees people when he is happy and disappears when he is unhappy. " Liang Wudi respected him very much, and personally offered sacrifices to the stove according to his method, and sent people to the sea to see An Qisheng, using cinnabar to make gold. Later, the immortal died of illness, and Emperor Wu thought that he would not die, but just disappeared. So the alchemists of Qi and Yan became more active.

After Li Furen's death, Emperor Wu missed him day and night. Few people said that Emperor Wu had the means to go to Furen, Li See again. At night, he asked Emperor Wu to hide in the curtain and put a curtain in the distance. Sure enough, in the dim light, a beautiful woman appeared in the curtain, much like Li Furen. Shao Weng said that this is the God of Li Furen he summoned. Emperor Wu named Shao Weng General Wencheng, and rewarded him a lot, treating him with courtesy. Shao Weng said, "The emperor really wants to be with the immortals. Unless the palace and utensils are like immortals, they will not come. " Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty immediately ordered the Ganquan Palace, where he lived, to be renovated and painted with immortal statues. Even the car I was in was painted with clouds. Shao Weng has been mixed up for more than a year, and there is nothing new, but the fairy has never come. He had a brainwave, wrote some words on a piece of silk, fed it into the cow's stomach with feed, and then pretended not to know what was strange in the cow's stomach. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty killed the cow, so he saw a piece of silk with incomprehensible words. When Emperor Wu saw it, he recognized Shao Weng's handwriting. After interrogation, Shao Weng had to explain. Emperor Wu killed him, but it was not made public.

The next year, Emperor Wu was very ill in Dinghu Palace, and doctors and wizards could not cure him. It was recommended that a wizard in Shang Jun County (southeast of Yulin City, Shaanxi Province) could summon the God King to exorcise ghosts and cure diseases, so he wanted to invite the God King to Ganquan Palace and ask what he could do. The wizard conveyed the words of the God King: "The son of heaven need not worry about getting sick. Meet me at Ganquan Palace when he is better. " After Emperor Wu went to Ganquan Palace, he really got well. Since then, Sheng Jun Shougong has been set up in Ganquan Palace. It is said that when Sheng Jun (Taiyi) came, there were followers such as Jintai and Siming, but they all lived in the curtain, and they could not see their faces, only heard voices, just like people. They are all connected through wizards. Emperor Wu wants to see the God King, and he has to bathe and fast before he can go in. Emperor Wu wrote down what the divine king said, which was no different from what ordinary people said, but he believed it.

In the fourth year of Ding Yuan (before 1 13), Yue Chenghou, the brother-in-law of Kang Wang in Jiaodong, recommended Luanda to Emperor Wu. Luan Da went out with Shao Weng. After Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty killed Shao Weng, he always regretted not getting all his magic. He was very happy when he met Luan Da. Luan Da is tall and handsome. He can talk and dare to brag, which fascinated Emperor Wu. He said: "I often go to and from the sea to see An Qisheng and Xianmen, but because of my low status, they don't believe me;" I think Kang Wang in Jiaodong is just a vassal, and it is not worth giving him a prescription. Besides, Kang Wang doesn't value me. My master said that' gold can be refined, the Yellow River can be blocked, fairy medicine can be obtained, and immortals can be invited', but I am afraid that I will end up as General Wencheng. Now that the alchemists are silent, how dare they talk about magic! " Emperor Wu quickly said, "Wencheng ate horse liver and died. If Mr. Wang Can knows magic, what else can I give you? " Luanda said, "My teacher didn't ask for help, but someone asked him. If your majesty must invite him, you must improve the specifications of the messenger, make him your relative, treat him as a guest, put a seal on them, and make them send letters to the man of God. I don't know if the man of god will come, but he can only come after respecting the messenger. "Emperor Wu asked Luanda to try a little magic. He put a pair of chess pieces, and the chess pieces actually fought each other. Worried that the Yellow River could not be blocked and gold could not be refined, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty made Luan Dawei a general in Wuli, sealed him with four seals, made him the Hou of Le Tong, and prepared a luxurious residence for him, with 65,438+10,000 servants. All the supplies were purchased at public expense. He married Wei Ruyun's eldest daughter and gave him 65438+ ten thousand Jin of gold. Emperor Wu personally visited the house, calling himself his aunt, and was a royal family. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty also gave him the imperial seal of the "General of Heaven", asking the emissary to stand on the white thatch at night and hand it over, indicating that he would not be a courtier. So whenever the dead of night, Luan Da held a ceremony at home, but the fairy never came. He is going to pack up and say that he will go to the seaside to meet the teacher.

In June of that year, a wizard in Fenyin found a tripod beside the mound left by Wei, which was much larger than the ordinary tripod and had no writing style. Emperor Wu sent someone to verify that it was correct, so he held a grand ceremony to welcome Ding to Ganquan Palace and transport it to Chang 'an with Emperor Wu. When we passed Zhongshan, there was a Huang Yun. A deer passed by and was shot dead by Emperor Wu, so it was sacrificed. Liang Wudi summoned doctors or officials and asked, "Because the Yellow River burst and the harvest failed year after year, I visited the land to pray for the people. There is no bumper harvest this year. Why did Ding appear? " According to experts' argument, it is a good omen. Baoding Festival should be reported to the ancestral hall and then collected in the palace. Gong Sunqing, a Qi man, reported that Baoding and Huangdi appeared at the same time, and Huangdi ascended to heaven and became immortal 380 years later. After hearing the news of Yue, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty summoned him immediately. Gong said that his teacher was, and was dead. He had contact with An Qisheng and heard the words of the Yellow Emperor, but there was no written record. An Qisheng said: "The saints of the Han Dynasty appeared between the great-great-grandfather's grandson and his great-great-grandson. After Baoding appeared, he was able to communicate with God and worship Zen. There are seventy-two kings who seal Zen, and only the Yellow Emperor seals Mount Tai. " Shen Gong said, "Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty also wants to amenorrhea, and amenorrhea can make him immortal and ascend to heaven. Huangdi often visited Huashan, Shoushan, Taishi Mountain, Taishan Mountain and Donglai Mountain. " He told the story of the Yellow Emperor's ascension to heaven through Shen Gong. Emperor Wu greatly lamented: "It's really like the Yellow Emperor. I regard it as convenient to take off my shoes to abandon my wife and children. " In fact, during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the number of harems has increased to thousands. He named the palace Lang and told him to wait for the immortals in Taishi Mountain.

General Wuliluanda came back from a tour of Mount Tai and lied to Emperor Wu that he had met a teacher at sea. Unexpectedly, Emperor Wu sent someone to spy on him, knowing that he didn't go to sea at all and his magic was ineffective, so he killed him. But in the winter of that year, Gong reported that there were footprints of immortals in Gou's city (now southwest of gongyi city, Henan Province) and saw things like pheasants coming and going in the city. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty personally went to the city and warned him: "Do you want to learn from General Wencheng and General Wuli?" The palace replied, "The immortal didn't ask the emperor, but the emperor asked him, so he wouldn't come because he didn't have enough time. The fairy thing seems ridiculous and absurd. After a long time, you will naturally be invited. " So Emperor Wudi ordered all parts of the country to build roads and famous mountain shrines to welcome the arrival of immortals. This Gong once again used the trace of God as bait, but Emperor Wu never realized it. Qi reported tens of thousands of monsters and asked for thousands of immortals.

From the first year of Yuanshou (BC 122), I began to appreciate landscape painting. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty went out to worship gods, seek immortals, cruise and worship Zen for 29 times, and his whereabouts were as far north as the North River in Shuofang (now the Yellow River in Inner Mongolia), near Jiuyi Mountain in the south (now southern Hunan), and to Anding and Beidi in the west (now Ningxia and northeastern Gansu). In the first year of Yuanfeng (1 10), it took more than four months to reach Jieshi Mountain (now Changli County, Hebei Province). The cruise in the second year lasted for five months. It is conceivable that under the condition of underdeveloped productivity, such a long-distance and long-term cruise will consume much manpower and material resources and have much impact on normal life and production in various places!

Emperor Wu imposed severe punishments and laws, appointed cruel officials, and constantly increased the means of repression. For example, Zhang Tang and Zhao Yu, adhering to the will of Emperor Wu, added many new charges to the original loose law, such as "knowing the facts" (deliberately failing to report the situation and indulging) and "supervisor" (subordinates commit crimes, and superiors with supervisory responsibilities sit together), which lightens the punishment for officials who commit "deep crimes" (deliberately using heavy punishments and deliberately convicting innocent people) and aggravates the "urgency". In the sixth year of Yuanshou (before 1 17), Zhang Tang even committed the crime of condescending (speaking from the heart), and accordingly sentenced Yan Yi, a farmer in Jiuqing, to death, making it a case. When Du Zhou, another brutal official, served as Tingwei, the number of prisoners in the "Royal Prison" (the national prison) increased greatly, including more than 1000 officials with the rank of 2000 stone, and more than1000 cases were reported to Tingwei by counties every year. Major cases involve hundreds of people, and minor cases involve dozens of people, thousands of miles away, nearly a hundred miles away. During the trial, officials extort confessions according to the charges, and if they refuse to accept them, they will be whipped. So when I heard that the government arrested people, whether they were guilty or not, they all wanted to escape. Some cases are still being pursued after more than ten years, and the charges are mostly "indecent", so they have to report to Ting Wei or the Central Committee. There are as many as 60,000 to 70,000 prisoners in prisons, and there are also hundreds of thousands of prisoners in other prisons. Some people accused Du Zhou of not following the "three-foot method" (written on three-foot bamboo slips) and trying to figure out the emperor's intention to finalize the case. Du Zhou bluntly said: "Where did the' three-foot method' come from? The former emperors made laws and the later emperors made orders. It was right at the time. Why should we follow the ancient law? " Du Zhou was dismissed from office, and later he was appointed as Jin Wu. When he was looking for the families of Sang Hongyang and the Wei brothers, his attitude was quite firm and thorough. Emperor Wu thought that he tried his best to be selfless and was promoted to the position of ancient literati. When Zong Yi became the magistrate of Dingxiang, he killed more than 200 felons in prison and more than 200 guests and their families who visited the prison privately on the day of his arrival. When Wang was governor of Hanoi, he prepared 50 fast horses and waited in sections on the way from Hanoi (now southwest of Wuzhi County, Henan Province) to Chang 'an. After he took office, he classified more than 0/000 "arrogant" families in the county as genocide or capital crime, immediately relayed it, and took back the approval documents within two days to kill all these people. 1February, when the probation was suspended in the spring according to the regulations, Wang sighed: "I will get things done in one month's winter." When Emperor Wu heard about it, he was sure that he had this ability, so he was promoted to lieutenant. Of course, some of those killed by these brutal officials are powerful places to be hit, but they are always willing to kill people and change the law at will, and more innocent people will suffer.

Originally, corporal punishment was abolished in Wendi, and whipping was used instead of cutting nose and left toe. In the future, some people were killed because of flogging, and the number of flogging was reduced several times. In the sixth year of Emperor Jingdi's reign (144), more specific regulations were made: the instruments of torture for flogging were five feet long, one inch wide and half an inch thick, and bamboo pieces were used. The middle section should be leveled, and only spanking is allowed, with a maximum of 200 hits. You are not allowed to change people during the fight. You can only change people after the fight. But in fact, brutal officials simply don't abide by these systems, and "thousands of looting", extrajudicial torture or various forms of torture abound.

Wei Qing seems to be the same for ministers and relatives. In the second year of Yuanshou (before 12 1 year), he succeeded the public as prime minister and committed suicide in five years. Yan Qingyi succeeded, and Ding Yuan committed suicide in the second year (1 15 ago); Zhao Zhou succeeded to the throne and died in prison for five years; Shi Qing succeeded to the throne and died in the first year of Taichu (former103); Gong Sunhe succeeded to the throne and died in prison two years ago (9 1). Liu Quli succeeded and was beheaded a year later. Of the six prime ministers of 3 1, only Shi Qing died well. Shi Qing, the son of Shi Fen, a hero in the early Han Dynasty and a famous "Wanshi Army" (my four sons and I are both officials with the rank of 2,000 stone), is extremely cautious. When he was a servant, he drove for Emperor Wu. Emperor Wu asked him how many horses were pulling the cart, and he counted them before reporting that they were six. However, when Shi Qing was in office, he was repeatedly condemned by Emperor Wu and almost committed suicide. Therefore, the highest office of this minister is regarded by some people as a timid road.

GongSunHe was a subordinate of Emperor Wu when he was a prince, and he married the sister of Wei Ruyun, the brother-in-law of Emperor Wu. But when I heard that I was going to worship him as a photo, I was scared and kowtowed and cried. I refused to accept the photo and said, "I am a remote person. I am an official by riding an archery on a pommel horse, not a prime minister." Seeing him so sad, Emperor Wu and his left and right sides were moved to tears and asked them to help him up. GongSunHe refused to get up, and Emperor Wu got up and left. He has no choice but to accept. Later, his son Gongsun Jingsheng used 6.5438+0.9 million military expenses without authorization and was jailed. It happened that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty issued a letter to hunt down Zhu Anshi, a native of Yangling (now northeast of Chengyang City, Shaanxi Province). Gong Sunhe volunteered to ask for the release of his son if he could be captured, and Emperor Wu agreed. GongSunHe did capture Zhu Anshi alive. Knowing that GongSunHe wanted to atone for his son, Zhu Anshi wrote a letter in prison, accusing GongSunJingsheng of having an affair with Yang Shi Princess, the daughter of Emperor Wu, and sent people to do witchcraft, cursing Emperor Wu with vicious language. On the way to Ganquan Palace, he also buried a puppet (Little Woodenhead) symbolizing Emperor Wu. Emperor Wu ordered the relevant departments to interrogate him, killed Gong Sunhe and his son in prison, and wiped out the whole family. Shi Yang, the two daughters of Emperor Wu, Princess Zhu Yi, the son of Wei Qing, the brother-in-law of Emperor Wu, and Wei Heng, the nephew of Wei Ruyun, were all killed. It is entirely possible for Gongsun and Wei to break the law because of arrogance, but it is absolutely impossible to curse the early death of Emperor Wu. This is, of course, pure injustice. Even Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty didn't understand this, so he declared in the imperial edict that his crimes were corruption and bribery, regardless of the lives of the people, changing policies without authorization, increasing the burden on the people and so on. And the key charge of "witchcraft" only vaguely mentioned "cheating as an imperial edict and spreading Zhu Anshi by rape".

Liu Quli, the successor, died even worse. He is the son of King Jing Zhongshan, the younger brother of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. When Gong Sunhe died, he was still the magistrate of Zhuojun County (now Zhuozhou City, Hebei Province). After Chen Ping and Zhou Bo, there were no left and right prime ministers in the Han Dynasty. At this time, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty appointed Liu Quli as the left prime minister, leaving the prime minister vacant and "waiting for a distant choice" (waiting for a more suitable person). This measure can be interpreted as both the humility of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty to the imperial clan and the prevention of Liu Quli, but Liu Quli did not seem to know. He never dreamed that he was made emperor by "Richie Jen pro", and a year later he followed in the footsteps of GongSunHe. That autumn, the prince attacked Jiang Chong. Although Liu Quli finally commanded the army to suppress the rebellion, he had offended Emperor Wu. When the Prince sent his troops into the Prime Minister's Mansion, Liu Quli "stood up and fled" and even lost his seal. When Changshi reported to Emperor Wu, he covered up for him and said, "The Prime Minister dare not send troops to keep secrets." Emperor Wu was furious: "What's the secret now?" Later, Liu Quli wanted to kill the prince because Ren Tian, the duty officer in charge of guarding the city gate, did not stop him. Ren Tian is a 2000-stone official's suggestion, so he should ask for instructions first. Emperor Wu was furious and arrested him with violence. He is afraid of suicide. Although Liu Quli had nothing to do at the moment, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty did not give him any hint when he recommended Yuan Gong. In fact, when Emperor Wu regretted the death of his son, the commander-in-chief of "counter-insurgency" would sooner or later become a scapegoat.

At the beginning of the second year, Li Guangli set out for Xiongnu, and Liu Quli went to the suburbs for a farewell dinner. Li Guangli suggested that Wang Changyi should be made a prince as soon as possible, so that the prince could sit back and relax after he acceded to the throne. Changyi Wang is Li Guangli's nephew, and Li and Liu are their children's in-laws. Of course, Liu Quli readily promised. But before he could act, my wife let Guo Hong expose that the Prime Minister's wife had asked the wizard to curse Emperor Wu in the ancestral temple, and the Prime Minister himself prayed in the ancestral temple with Li Guangli, hoping to make Changyi King emperor. The authorities demanded that Mr. and Mrs. Liu Quli be tried, and they soon decided to commit a heinous crime. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty made an unprecedented imperial edict: Liu Quli was put on a "kitchen cart" (a small van loaded with grain) and taken to Dongcheng to be beheaded in public. Liu's wife was beheaded in Huayang Street. Emperor Wu's cruelty to this nephew and the current prime minister is obviously not just for the sake of that fake "witchcraft."

Grandfather ordered Sima Qian to plead guilty to Li Ling. According to his letter to Ren 'an, during his detention, he was "handcuffed, shackled, violently peeled and hanged" (hands and feet were tied with ropes, his body was shackled with wooden shackles, he was stripped naked and beaten with wooden sticks and bamboo boards), and later he was "rotted" (cut off his genitals). This is still a relatively light punishment, much luckier than those who were beheaded and extinct.

In the later period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the social contradictions were quite serious, and riots constantly appeared in various places, such as Nanyang, Chu, Qi and Yan. Thousands of people took part in the riots, and the leaders often called the king, saying that they would attack the city, take weapons from the warehouse, release criminals from the prison, catch the county governor and a captain, or kill them to raise food from the surrounding counties. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent cruel officials for several years and mobilized troops to suppress them, but one after another, they could not be killed. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty also promulgated the "Shen Ming Law": "Thieves" were not found in the four places, but they were not all captured, and all officials below 2,000 stones to the lowest level were put to death. In this way, local officials simply don't report it and hide it from each other. In fact, there are more and more "thieves". At the beginning of Emperor Wu's reign, there were about 36 million people in the country, and by the end of the year, only 32 million people were left. Due to the serious exile, the registered permanent residence has been reduced by half.

Although Emperor Wu is the emperor, his personal life is not happy. His first queen, Chen, was the great-granddaughter of Chen Ying, a hero in the early Han Dynasty, and also the aunt of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty and the daughter of Liu Pu of princess royal. Liu Pu helped Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty establish himself as a prince, so as soon as Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ascended the throne, the princess was established as a queen. Empress Chen, relying on princess royal's power, was arrogant and infertile for more than ten years. I heard that Wei Zifu tried to kill her several times after being favored by Emperor Wu. Emperor Wu was furious. In the fifth year of Yuanguang (BC 130), it was revealed that Queen Chen cursed him behind his back. He ordered a thorough investigation and killed more than 300 women, including the Chu wife who was a wizard for Queen Chen. Queen Chen was thrown into the palace.

Wei Zifu, a farmer's courtyard, was originally the singer of Princess Pingyang, the sister of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. She took a fancy to bringing her back to the palace at Princess Pingyang's house, but was forgotten by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty after she entered the palace. More than a year later, Emperor Wu chose some useless maids to go out of the palace, and Wei Zifu cried and asked to be released. Seeing her pity, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty stayed with her, and as a result, she gave birth to three daughters. In the first year of yuanshuo, Liu Yuxin was born and Wei Zifu was made queen. Wei Zifu's elder brother Wei Changjun, younger brother Wei Qing and nephew Huo Qubing were all taken seriously. Later, Huo Qubing made contributions to seal Hou, and Wei Qing was the official to the general Fu, who married Princess Pingyang and five Wei people sealed Hou.

However, a few years after the prince was born, he fell out of favor. Emperor Wu fell in love with Lady Zhao and King Zhongshan, but both of them died young. Li Furen was originally a dancer. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty saw Ai Ling and missed her after her death. She was painted and hung in Ganquan Palace. The alchemist used magic to show Emperor Wu the image of Li Furen, but he couldn't reach it. Emperor Wu was even sadder and personally wrote a mourning fu. But later, Li Furen's younger brother was found guilty, and his older brother Li Guangli surrendered to the Huns, and Li was destroyed.

In his later years, Emperor Wu crossed Hejian County (now southeast of xian county, Hebei Province) and got a "strange girl" Zhao, named An Jieyu, who was greatly favored. At the age of 62, Emperor Wu was pregnant 14 months and gave birth to a son.

The biggest blow to Emperor Wu in his later years was the "witchcraft" unjust case concocted by Jiang Chong.

Jiang Chong is the honored guest of Zhao Wang. In order to avenge Prince Zhao's killing of his father and brother, he went to Chang 'an to tell on the imperial edict. Emperor Wu sentenced Prince Zhao to death, and Jiang Chong was favored. He was named "Direct Embroidery", and was responsible for supervising the public order in the capital special zone and banning the illegal acts and enjoyment of nobles and officials. At that time, the phenomenon that powerful people violated the law and discipline was very serious. With the consent of Emperor Wu, Jiang Chong confiscated a number of illegal chariots and horses of the nobles who were close ministers, asked them to report to the northern army to participate in the Xiongnu conquest, and prohibited them from pleading in the palace. Their children were frightened and asked Emperor Wudi to atone for them, and all of a sudden they received tens of millions of fines. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty believed in Jiang Chong's loyalty and obeyed him. Jiang Chong found Guantao princess royal's motorcade in the emperor's driveway and asked immediately. The princess said it was a letter from the Queen Mother. Jiang Chong said, "Only the princess is allowed to pass, and no other chariots and horses are allowed." The rest of the chariots and horses were reported for confiscation. When Jiang Chong and Emperor Wu were in Ganquan Palace, they saw the prince's carriage walking on the Chidao, detained it and handed it over to the competent authorities for handling. When the prince heard the news, he sent someone to plead with Jiang Chong: "It's not that I don't want the emperor to know, but that I didn't discipline my subordinates well. Please ask Mr. Jiang to spare him." Jiang Chong didn't listen and reported to Emperor Wu. Emperor Wu praised: "This is what people and ministers should do." More credit.

Emperor Wu fell ill in Ganquan Palace. Seeing that he was getting old, Jiang Chong was afraid of being retaliated by the prince after his death, so he played on and said that Emperor Wu's illness was caused by someone using witchcraft spells, and he was appointed as the head of the witchcraft project by Emperor Wu. Prior to this, the Prime Minister Gong Sunhe and his son, two princesses and his nephew were all killed for being framed for cursing Emperor Wu with witchcraft. Jiang Chong found a wizard and told him to dig three feet to find a puppet to curse and arrest the wizard. After the criminal suspect was arrested, he used torture to extract confessions, which made the people framed and implicated each other. The government was found guilty of serious disobedience and killed tens of thousands of people. Emperor Wu is old and suspicious. He suspects that people around him curse him with witchcraft, so no one dares to avenge those involved. Jiang Chong found out the intention of Emperor Wu, saying that the palace was neat. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty believed it and appointed Hou and Huang Men as Jiang Chong's assistants. They first tracked down the concubines who fell out of favor in the harem, then found the queen, dug them out from under the throne of Emperor Wu, and finally dug up the Tong puppet used for witchcraft in the Taitai womb.

At that time, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty spent the summer in Ganquan Palace due to illness, and only stayed in Chang 'an with Wang Wei. Shi De, a teacher of Shaofu (Prince), advised the Prince to falsely tell the Prince that Emperor Wu had ordered Jiang Chong to be arrested and thoroughly investigated for his treachery, otherwise it would be impossible to say for sure, not to mention that Emperor Wu's life and death in Ganquan Palace were unknown. "Doesn't the prince want to think about Fu Su, the eldest son of Qin Shihuang?" The desperate prince didn't think carefully. After consulting with the Queen, two years ago (9 1 year ago.