When did Inner Mongolia Errentai rise?

Speaking of music art in Inner Mongolia, people will naturally think of Mongolian art forms such as long tune, short tune, Humai and Ma Touqin. Few people mentioned anything else. However, a wonderful flower beyond the Great Wall is still blooming on the vast grassland in Inner Mongolia and on the banks of the Yellow River, but people know little about it. It is a two-person platform called Shandan Flower beyond the Great Wall. Errentai is a colorful Shandan flower in the art garden of the great motherland. It has a strong Shan Ye flavor and a strong earthy fragrance. It is the artistic crystallization of Mongolian and Han people, with strong vitality and deep mass base. The art of Errenzhuan records the struggle experiences of Mongolian and Han people, describes their life experiences and expresses their yearning for a better life. There are always different opinions about the formation of the art of duet. One view is that it originated in Hequ, Shanxi and Yulin, Shaanxi, and the other view is that it originated in Tuyouqi and Tuoxian, Inner Mongolia. So how did the duet come into being? At present, there are five provinces where this kind of drama exists, namely Shanxi, Shaanxi, Inner Mongolia, Hebei and Ningxia, and the two most controversial provinces are Shanxi and Inner Mongolia. Through data records and interviews, we will find that Errentai art is a comprehensive folk art that draws on the strengths of various schools, originated in Shanxi (folk songs), formed in the central and western regions of Inner Mongolia (operas), and developed in five provinces of Mongolia, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Hebei and Ningxia, and integrates song and dance, folk art, music and operas. Inside and outside the Great Wall, at the foot of Daqingshan Mountain and on both sides of the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River, it is the breeding ground of Errentai. The Formation of Errentai Art (I) Population migration has formed the embryonic form of Errentai art in Inner Mongolia. Countless lyrics record the process of population migration, such as "going west", "Xianfeng five years, Shanxi disaster year". Westbound is the epitome of population migration at that time. In fact, due to natural disasters, wars and other reasons, there have been four major population migrations in history, namely, "Huguang plus Sichuan, Guangdong and Fujian to Southeast Asia, Hebei, Shandong and Henan to the Kanto, and Shanxi and Shaanxi to the west". The central and western Inner Mongolia is located in the gathering place of Mongolians on both sides of the Yellow River. Tuchuan and Hetao areas are rich in aquatic plants, rich in resources, fertile in soil and sparsely populated. Most of the victims in Shanxi and Shaanxi migrated here to seek vitality. Among them, there are many vendors, artists and craftsmen in the migration, and at the same time, folk tunes, yangko, stilts, social fire and other literary forms from all over the country have been brought to the central and western Inner Mongolia. After years of running-in, Mongolian and Chinese cultures have been closely integrated through cultural infiltration and accumulation. This integrated art form is called "sitting cavity" or "sitting singing" in Chinese and "Mongolian music" in Mongolian. For example, Flowers of Allaben, Flowers of Lama Su and Flowers of Four Princes are the rudiments of the duet 1. So the duet originated in Shanxi and was formed in Inner Mongolia. The art of duet is the art formed by population migration. (2) The art form of Inner Mongolia Errentai embodies the artistic elements of Inner Mongolia. The music of Inner Mongolia Errentai includes lyrics, aria, singing style and brand music, musical instruments and percussion. There are nearly 100 vocals, of which 70 lyrics are relatively complete (including Paizi songs), which are divided into Ming tune, adagio, water board and Allegro according to the rhythm of melody. According to different situations, set the display board rendering atmosphere. The pentatonic scale is commonly used in duets, and the common modes are tone-seeking mode and quotient mode, followed by palace mode and feather mode, and the angular mode only appears in the segments with alternating modes. The melody rhythm of Errenzhuan is often abrupt and ups and downs, and some decorative sounds are flexibly and widely used, using function words, empty words and interlining to make the line cavity perfect and full of strong local characteristics. The lyrics of Errentai are mostly based on the seasonal order of "Four Seasons", "Five Tables" and "December", and the content is described by characters, and the lyrics are mainly dialects. Sentence patterns can be roughly divided into five words, seven words and as many as a dozen words, aria can be divided into two sentences, three sentences, four sentences and many sentences as a whole version, and one song with one eye is a special song, many of which involve Inner Mongolia. For example, "Five Brothers Grazing Sheep": "In the whole year of December, when the five brothers herded sheep home, the abacus rang and rolled up, with tears in their eyes." Among them, Mao Dai is a small place name in Tuyou Banner, Inner Mongolia. Lyrics are often delicate and funny. For example, describing women's "black indigo hair, Bai Lingling teeth" and "white arms and red nails", improvising lyrics according to different occasions and situations. Mongolians and Han people have been working, living and getting married for a long time (Donghua Record: In April of Guangxu 14th year, Mongolians in Tumote Department (now the middle zone between Hohhot and Baotou) have the same accommodation and daily life as Han people in the mainland. ) gradually formed some aesthetic concepts and folk art forms. Therefore, in the form of ditty, in order to meet the appreciation needs of Mongolian and Chinese people, Mongolian and Chinese are often mixed together to sing. This artistic expression method, which is called "wind stirring snow", has played a very good role in strengthening national unity and promoting ideological, emotional and cultural exchanges between them. But after all, due to the disunity of Mongolian and Chinese languages, there are still many beautiful Mongolian folk songs that can't be passed down in extensive exchanges and integration, and the lyrics have been lost over time, becoming string cards only for musicians to play. Such as Bayin Hang Gai, Four Princes, Master Bemba, Six Classics, etc. Accompaniment instruments of Errenzhuan: (commonly known as the "three major pieces") namely the flute, the four-Hu and the dulcimer. Plus percussion bangzi and "four tiles" Among them, the traditional eight-tone dulcimer is used, and the bar (yard bar) can't be played, so it is naturally matched. (3) The spread of the art of Errenzhuan Those immigrants who came to Inner Mongolia learned several Mongolian folk songs through their lives in Inner Mongolia, and then returned to their hometown to create Errenzhuan. For example, Fan Ercang in Hequ and Ding in Madigou can learn the skills of duet in the local area. At that time, duet was a very primitive, simple and even vulgar folk art, and the earliest people engaged in this activity were vagrants who made a living from it, not "artists" at all. Especially after the opening of the Beijing-Suiyuan Railway, villages along the Beijing-Suiyuan Railway, north of the Great Wall, and Hetao Plain were scattered and the population doubled in the ten years from the 4th year of the Republic of China to 14. Take Shanxi as an example. In the second year of the Republic of China (1948+02), there were19190000 people, and in the thirty-eighth year of the Republic of China (1949), there were 80000 people left. Most of these people moved to the central and western regions of Inner Mongolia, which played a positive role in promoting the cultural integration and dissemination of the art of Errentai. At the same time, it also brought the performance forms of social fire in Shanxi, Shaanxi, Ningxia, Hebei and other places, and the monotonous folk art form was further developed through integration. It is said that the ditty was first changed into a singing form in Hekou Town and Tuo County of Sarazzi County. Two performers and one performer can be divided into "ugly" and "Dan". The formation of a new drama is determined and formed by many factors, such as geographical environment, population environment, language environment, economic environment, cultural environment and so on, which cannot be done by one or two artists or one or two groups. This is a process of cultural exchange and the result of artistic integration. With the improvement of people's aesthetics, the Errentai in Inner Mongolia has become a systematic and professional artistic and cultural form, not just a farming culture of "setting up stalls" and "playing tricks". Under the care of the party, it has gradually formed its own unique artistic style of opera form. Art has also entered a new period of development, with colorful and flexible forms of expression. The two wonderful flowers of Errentai beyond the Great Wall are also blooming more and more brightly, and they have spread all over the country with the spring breeze of reform. (I) Characteristics of Music Aesthetics Music aesthetics studies the aesthetic laws of music art, mainly reflecting the essence of music aesthetics, the value and function of music, and aesthetic problems in creation, performance and appreciation. (1) Beautiful rhythm: The vocal music of Inner Mongolia Errentai pays attention to the expression of "big bend major", which fully embodies the vastness and grandeur of Inner Mongolia and gives people infinite reverie and touching hearts. At present, it seems to show the prosperity of Wan Li and Senecio Senecio grassland in spring. It shows the ideological realm of harmony between music and nature and between man and nature. (2) Musical beauty: The writing technique of "Fu, Bi and Xing" is fully used in the lyrics design, and the language is concise, natural and catchy. Clever use of exaggeration, generalization, meticulous painting, repetition and other modification methods. That is to say, it has achieved the splash of ink when rendering, and it has also achieved the "cherish ink as gold" when summing up. (3) Behavioral beauty: Inner Mongolia Errentai has modified and purified some original paragraphs through continuous learning and aesthetic improvement, "removing its dross and taking its essence", making the script a real "green culture" and playing a positive role in promoting the learning and growth of the next generation. For example, operas such as Receiving Mother-in-law and In-laws all talk about ethics and filial piety through two roles: one is right and the other is wrong, which truly reflects the "falsehood, ugliness and ugliness" in people's lives and promotes the "truth, goodness and beauty". (4) Expressive beauty: The duet in Inner Mongolia originated in Shanxi (folk songs) and was formed in Inner Mongolia (drama). It combines many sister arts such as opera, dance, acrobatics and martial arts. It not only combines the hand, eye, body, method, step and dance skills in China traditional opera, but also incorporates the shoulder shaking action in Mongolian dance, showing the characteristics of generosity, stretch, delicacy and fluency. Props use handkerchiefs, fans, overlord whip and HongLing in Yangko to sing and dance, with equal emphasis on music and dance. Drama is expressed by dance, and dance is displayed in drama. Bright colors and hot movements give people a bright visual experience. Such as: popular songs "Hanging Red Lights", "Playing with Money" and "Five Brothers Grazing Sheep". The art of duet completely recorded the whole process and living conditions of the blending of Mongolian and Chinese cultures at that time, and also recorded the hard life experiences of Mongolian and Chinese people and their yearning for a better love life. It can be said that the art of Errentai is a historical "walking dictionary". Let people better understand the past and look forward to the future. Give people a kind of spiritual sustenance and beautiful enjoyment. Through the continuous enrichment and reform of countless old artists, duet has developed into a kind of drama. According to different styles, it is divided into East Road Double Table and West Road Double Table. On the basis of sitting, add the dialogue between the story and the actor to strengthen the performance of the role and make it more dramatic. From rural areas to cities, the role distribution of actors is more clear. On the basis of the original accompaniment instruments, other national instruments and even western stringed instruments were added, and complete sets of percussion instruments and gongs and drums were introduced from other operas. Clothing, lighting and props are also available. It is both "antique" and colorful. Art makes an actor, and actors develop art. On the basis of the cloud, a large number of outstanding artists and young artists such as Zhou Zhijia, Ji, Guo, Liu, Gao Jinshuan, Kang, Ren Fenzhen, Wang Jianguo, Xu, Wang Zhangliang, Miao Junying and Huo Banzhu have emerged. Among them, DaQian, co-performed by Huo Banzhu and Qiao Erli, has innovated and reformed the playing style and lifting movements of the overlord whip, from the traditional single whip to Shuang Bian, and acrobatics, martial arts, Mongolian dance and other elements are integrated into the play, making the play more novel and unique. The repertoire also began to be numerous, and the qupai became more substantial. The new play keeps pace with the times. For example, Picking Peppers, Selling Bowls and Visiting the Sick reflect that a Sichuan woman (Mei Feng) was tricked into Inner Mongolia by traffickers and fell in love with a single man (black dog) in despair, forming a modern drama Single Man and Foreign Girl with a happy family. "Green Mountain Road Bend" with the theme of showing the people of Inner Mongolia learning science and technology and building a good leader in their hometown; My father-in-law was greedy for petty gain and sold rice soup mixed with sesame oil to my son-in-law. My son-in-law gave the oil to my father-in-law, and staged a farce of "selling oil". A series of operas, such as Five No's Leng Xiang Daughter-in-law, with the theme of advocating free love and family planning. That is, it enriches people's amateur cultural life, improves people's ideological consciousness, and truly "comes from and serves the people." There are several problems in Inner Mongolia Errentai (1): the creative team is aging and lacks high-quality products; (2) The new and old actors don't meet; (3) lack of actor training base; (4) Limited language and narrow market. Based on the above problems, I put forward (1) the viewpoint of cultivating new forces and enriching and expanding the creative team. Take the way of "please come in and send out", extensively absorb the materials, go deep into life, actually observe and collect the living materials from the grassroots, process and refine them, and create fine products. (2) Errenzhuan urgently needs a group of literate, knowledgeable and professional artistic talents. Eclectically select and cultivate from art colleges and social youths to enrich professional troupes. Recruit talents, go to the old and welcome the new, keep the fresh blood of professional groups, and deal with the problems of actor fault and green and yellow. (3) Strengthen the construction of teaching staff and improve the teaching level of professional teachers. While studying majors, we should strengthen the study of cultural courses. (4) Inner Mongolia Errentai mostly performs in dialects, which has great limitations. The reason why it can only spread in the above-mentioned provinces and cities is because it is impossible to expand culturally. Mainly because the dialect is difficult to understand, I only hear beautiful music and don't know what to say. To revitalize and develop Errentai, we must standardize dialects and make Daobai close to Putonghua. I believe that through reform, with the care and support of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the art of Errentai will surely usher in great development and prosperity.