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Harbin is the capital of Heilongjiang Province, China, the political, economic and cultural center of northeast China, and the second most populous megacity in China. The postal code is 150000 and the area code is 045 1. The land area of the city is 53,654,380+0 square kilometers, of which the urban area is 7,086 square kilometers, the built-up area is 3,024,438+0 square kilometers, and the urban population is 4.728 million.

It has jurisdiction over 8 districts of nangang district, Daoli, Daowai, Xiangfang, Songbei, Fangping, Hulan, Acheng, shangzhi city, Shuangcheng, Binxian, founder county, yilan county, Bayan, wuchang city, Mulan, Yanshou and Tonghe, and 10 counties (cities). With a total population of 9.804 million, there are 48 ethnic groups, including 660,000 ethnic minorities.

Harbin, an exotic this beautiful city, has become a famous historical and cultural city and tourist city in China because of its special historical process and geographical location. It not only brings together the history and culture of northern minorities, but also integrates Chinese and foreign cultures. It is known as "Lilac City", "Ice City", "Pearl under the Swan", "Oriental Moscow" and "Little Paris".

The flower in Harbin is lilac, so it also has an elegant name called "Lilac City". There are many famous universities in this city, such as Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin Engineering University, Northeast Forestry University, Heilongjiang University and Northeast Agricultural University. Harbin is the only city to bid for the Winter Olympics on behalf of China!

Regional characteristics

Harbin is located at125 42'-13010' east longitude and 44 04'-46 40' north latitude. It is located in the center of Northeast Asia and is known as the Pearl of the Eurasian Continental Bridge. It is the first important hub of Eurasian continental bridge and air corridor. The rivers in Harbin belong to Songhua River system and Mudanjiang River system, and the precipitation is mainly concentrated from June to September, with an average annual precipitation of 569.38+0 mm. The climate belongs to the mid-temperate continental monsoon climate, with long winter and short summer, and is known as the "ice city". There are 63 kinds of minerals found in the city, and 25 kinds of minerals with proven resource reserves, including energy minerals 1 species, metal minerals 10 species and non-metal minerals 14 species. There are 12 nature reserves in the city, including 4 provincial nature reserves with an area of 1 19400 hectares. There are 50 species of wild animals and 7 species of plants under national first-class and second-class protection.

Harbin-Dalian Railway mainly includes Harbin-Dalian Railway, Sui Bin Railway, Binzhou Railway, Binbei Railway and Labin Railway connecting China. Harbin's waterway routes are all over Songhua River, Heilongjiang River, Wusuli River and Nenjiang River, and are connected with some ports in the Russian Far East. After passing through the waterway-river combined transport line, it leaves tatar strait in the east, and ships can go directly to Japan, North Korea, South Korea and Southeast Asia. Taiping International Airport has an annual passenger throughput of more than 3.6 million passengers, and can handle passenger and cargo combined transport services in more than 1 10 countries. At present, there are 18 airlines stationed in Harbin Taiping International Airport (located in Airport Road, Daoli District), 64 international and domestic routes and 53 navigation cities.

cultural tour

Harbin has a long history, which not only gathers the history and culture of northern minorities, but also is a famous city where Chinese and foreign cultures blend. The Confucian Temple and Gokurakuji in Harbin complement western classical architecture and exotic churches of Orthodox Church, Catholic Church and Christian Church, and are praised as "Moscow in the East" and "Little Paris in the East" by the world. Harbin has beautiful natural scenery, four distinct seasons and colorful scenery. National 5A scenic spots-Sun Island, Northeast Tiger Forest Park, Stalin Park, Jiuzhan Park by Songhua River, Song Feng, Erlong Mountain, Yuquan Hunting Ground and Yabuli are all famous tourist attractions.

Harbin is also one of the cradles of world ice and snow culture. Yabuli Alpine Skiing, Zhao Lin Park Ice Lantern Garden Party, Songhua River Winter Swimming, snow sculpture and Ice and Snow Amusement enjoy high reputation at home and abroad. In addition, there is the "Harbin Summer Concert in China" jointly organized by the people of China, the Ministry of Culture and the Harbin Municipal Government, and the annual Harbin Economic and Trade Fair in China.

Harbin has four distinct seasons and is colorful. Sun Island, Tiger Forest Park in Northeast China, Stalin Park beside Songhua River, Song Feng, Erlong Mountain, Yuquan Hunting Ground and Yabuli are all famous tourist attractions. Harbin is also one of the cradles of world ice and snow culture. Yabuli Alpine Skiing, Zhao Lin Park Ice Lantern Garden Party, Songhua River Winter Swimming, snow sculpture and Ice and Snow Amusement enjoy high reputation at home and abroad. In addition, there are the famous "Harbin Summer Concert" and the annual China Harbin Economic and Trade Fair. The political, economic and cultural center of Northeast China, a famous historical and cultural city and a tourist city in China, is known as the "pearl under the swan".

Surrounded by clear water, the elegant and quiet Sun Island Scenic Area is a natural sunbathing ground with wild interests in midsummer, and a treasure-house for winter swimming, ice sails and sledding in severe winter. The Central Street, the rare architectural art corridor in China, the Confucius Temple in Harbin, the Gokurakuji, the Church of Hagia Sophia and other western classical buildings, as well as the strange-looking Orthodox, Catholic and Christian churches, make this city colorful and romantic.

Heilongjiang Radio and TV Tower is located in nangang district High-tech Development Zone, Harbin, the world-famous Long Ta. It was completed and opened in 2000, with a height of 336 meters. Now it is the tallest steel tower in Asia and the second in the world. Long Ta integrates sightseeing, TV transmission, catering, entertainment and wireless communication. After completion, it will become a new bright spot of "Ice City".

Harbin has beautiful natural scenery. The Songhua River, which has the wonder of "hanging trees", winds through the urban area. The towering flood control victory memorial tower, the Songhua River Highway Bridge flying north and south, the beautifully carved Jiang Shang Club, the ring-shaped spectacular workers' gymnasium and Stalin Park, which is famous for its exquisite artistic sculptures, are all icing on the cake and even more elegant.

The children's park, which is famous for the first children's railway and amusement train in China, the zoo and the Northeast Tiger Forest Garden, which gather rare birds and animals in Northeast China, is known as the forest botanical garden as the window of forest plants in the north, the Harbin amusement park with lush vegetation and beautiful mountains and rivers, the elegant and beautiful street park, the "Harbin Summer Concert" which is well-known at home and abroad, and the famous tourist attractions in the suburbs: lush Song Feng, Erlong Mountain Scenic Area, Yuquan Hunting Ground and Yabuli. In the suburbs, there is a beautiful Changling Lake, which is a good place for fishing, picnics, picnics, bonfires and camping. The lush Song Feng, Erlongshan Scenic Area, Yuquan Hunting and Yalibu Ski Resort are all famous tourist attractions in China.

Harbin has a long history and is the birthplace of Jin Dynasty and Qing Dynasty in China. In ancient times, it was a village of the Manchu ancestor Jurchen nationality. /kloc-By the end of 0/9, Harbin had become a relatively developed industrial and commercial city in northern China, with a large number of immigrants from home and abroad. Harbin is a multi-ethnic community, with Han nationality as the main population and more than 40 nationalities including Manchu, Hui, Mongolia and Korea.

administrative division

Harbin has jurisdiction over 8 municipal districts, 7 counties and 3 county-level cities. Songbei District People's Government.

Songbei District covers an area of 736.3 square kilometers with a population of197,000. Postal code 150028. No.1 Songbei Road, Songbei Street, District People's Government 18.

Daoli District covers an area of 479.2 square kilometers and has a population of 690,000. Postal code 1500 10. Anhua Street 103, District People's Government.

Nangang district has an area of 183 km2 and a population of1050,000. Postal code 150006. The District People's Government is located at No.261Xuanhua Street.

Daowai District covers an area of 257 square kilometers and has a population of 686,000. Postal code 150026. District People's Government is located at No.55, North 14 Street.

Xiangfang District covers an area of 339.5 square kilometers and has a population of 724 1 10,000. Postal code 150036. Xiangfang street people's government.

The bungalow area covers an area of 98 square kilometers with a population of 1.6 million. Postal code 150060. No.98, Friendship Street, District People's Government.

Hulan District covers an area of 2 197 square kilometers with a population of 623,000. Postal code 150500. No.8 Nanjing Road, District People's Government.

Acheng District covers an area of 28 14 square kilometers and has a population of 650,000. Postal code 150300.

The twin cities have an area of 3 1 12.3 square kilometers and a population of 8 1 10,000. Postal code 150 100. The Municipal People's Government is located in Shuangcheng Town.

Shangzhi city covers an area of 9,000 square kilometers and has a population of 620,000. Postal code 150600. Shangzhi town people's government.

Wuchang city covers an area of 75 12 square kilometers and has a population of 976,000. Postal code 150200. Municipal People's Government in Wuchang Town.

Yilan county covers an area of 4,672 square kilometers and has a population of 396,000. Postal code 154800. Yilan town and county people's government.

Founder county covers an area of 3,000 square kilometers and has a population of 230,000. Postal code 150800. County People's Government in Fangzheng Town.

Binxian covers an area of 3,846 square kilometers and has a population of 620,000. Postal code 150400. People's government of town and county of Pennsylvania.

Bayan county covers an area of 3 138 square kilometers and has a population of 700,000. Postal code 15 1800. County People's Government in Bayan Town.

Mulan County covers an area of 3,602 square kilometers and has a population of 270,000. Postal code 15 1900. County People's Government in Mulan Town.

Tonghe County covers an area of 5,755 square kilometers and has a population of 23 1 10,000. Postal code 150900. The county people's government is located in Tonghe town.

Yanshou county covers an area of 3,226 square kilometers and has a population of 270,000. Postal code 150700. County People's Government in Yanshou Town.

Note: The above data are all from 2007.

The origin of place names

Wang, director of the Institute of Local Records of Harbin Academy of Social Sciences, put forward the "swan theory" based on ten years of research results, which was widely recognized.

This statement claims that the original pronunciation of Harbin is "Galouwen", that is, "Halvin", which means "Swan". In Jurchen language, the word swan is an onomatopoeic word, and the swan is called "Galu-Galu" or "kaloun——kalou", while the vast wetlands and rivers in Heilongjiang River Basin and Songhua River Basin are the only places where swans migrate. So how did this sound become Harbin? It turns out that there is no "ga" in the phonology of ancient Central Plains, so the sounds of "ga" and "ka" in place names are basically written as "ha", "he" or "a". "Er" is a unique pronunciation of northern minorities.

Wang adopted a multidisciplinary and comprehensive research method, started with linguistics, traced back to the historical etymology, made in-depth textual research in geography, philology, toponymy, archaeology, folklore, ethnology and other aspects, and based on a large number of historical documents and cultural relics, thus put forward the theory of "Harbin"-Nuzhen language "Swan".

Many jurchen linguists, historians and archaeologists deeply agree with this achievement, and think it is the "general theory" of the origin of Harbin place names at present. Comrade Wang Huafang, Deputy Secretary of the Municipal Party Committee, also gave scientific affirmation to this.

This achievement also has a strong practical significance, which plays a great role in shaping the image of the city, increasing the visibility of the city and improving the cultural taste of the citizens. Now, you know, the beautiful name Harbin contains such a beautiful meaning. White and brave is the spiritual portrayal of Harbin ancestors, and such blood flows on each of us. Then, when someone asks the meaning of the hometown name again, we won't be at a loss. The beautiful swan is our home.

In the long process of local history research, experts and scholars have made textual research and speculation on the origin and meaning of the word Harbin. Every historical period has a different view of the world, which is really different. So far, there are eight theoretical schools, which are:

1. Manchu 1898 The phrase "fishing for bubbles" or "drying fishing nets" came from a Russian mining engineer and was used in the hubbub of Harbin Guide 1922 and Binjiang 1929.

Second, the theory of "flat land" in Mongolian was put forward by Mr. Wei in 19 13 Geography of Jilin, and the conclusion was drawn from the phonetic point of view.

Third, the Russian "Tomb" The Russian "Tomb" of the Russian "Tomb" can be found in the Russian version of 1928, which shows that the Russians have intended to occupy this place permanently from the beginning.

Fourth, the statement of "names of people" is pure speculation. In the history of railway evolution in Dongfang Province, people think that this word may be the name of a powerful ruler in the past. This guess may be right, but whose name it is seems impossible to verify.

5. The Manchu word "collarbone" is a complete transliteration, because the Manchu word "Halaba" means collarbone, which is inferred.

Sixth, the transliteration of "Halefeiyan" and "Bian" in Manchu is quite similar. "Halefeiyan" means "edge" in Manchu, which means "long and narrow" and pictographic meaning.

Seven, Tungusic language "ferry" and "boat crossing" This is also the research result of Russians. It is believed that Harbin originated from Tungusic language, which means the place where ships dock.

Eight, the jurchen language "Alekin" said that the translation of "Alekin" into Chinese has the meaning of honor, honor, reputation and so on. The basis of this theory is widely circulated in the second volume of Jin Shi Ben Ji.