How did Kublai Khan destroy the Southern Song Dynasty? Urgent!

From the fifth year to the sixteenth year of the Mongolian Yuan Dynasty (from the fourth year of Xianchun to the second year of Xiangxing in the Southern Song Dynasty, 1268- 1279), during the Mongolian Song War, Yuan Kublai Khan conquered the Southern Song Dynasty and unified the national war.

After Song Mengge Khan captured the Fishing Town (now Fishing Mountain in Hechuan East, Sichuan) (see the Battle of Fishing Town), Kublai Khan succeeded Khan in Kaiping (now North Shore of Northeast Lightning in Zhenglan Banner, Inner Mongolia) in March of the first year of China reunification, and became Yuan Shizu. Kublai Khan reused the generals and advisers of the Han people, reformed the official system according to the imitation of the Chinese law, established centralization, and established a new dynasty in which the Mongolian and Chinese ruling classes were unified. In April, his brother Ali Bug proclaimed himself emperor in Helinger (now Hara and Linger in the southwest of Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia). Kublai Khan temporarily made peace with the soldiers of the Southern Song Dynasty in order to win over Ali Buge. Due to political corruption in the Southern Song Dynasty, Jia Sidao was able to usurp power. Jia Sidao, a military strategist in Pingzhang, tried his best to conceal the truth of the year of Kai Qing Yuan (1259, the ninth year of Mongolian Khan), snared cronies and cracked down on framing meritorious generals. A group of generals with outstanding military achievements were either dismissed from office or convicted and died, which led to public opposition, soldiers deserting, relaxed their combat readiness and missed the opportunity for Qiang Bing to consolidate its borders. After Kublai Khan put down the rebellion of Ali (see the battle between Kublai Khan and Ali), he quickly put down the rebellion of Li Jue (see the battle between Mongolia and Li Tan), and the regime was consolidated, that is, he set out to rectify the army, supervise the construction of warships, train the water army, and actively prepare to destroy the Song Dynasty. On the basis of summarizing the gains and losses of Wokuotai's attack on Song Dynasty and Monge's attack on Song Dynasty (see Wokuotai's attack on Song Dynasty and Monge's attack on Song Dynasty), the strategy of destroying Song Dynasty was formulated, including taking Xiangfan (now Hubei) first, breaking through in the middle, entering the river along the Han Dynasty, and taking Lin 'an (now Hangzhou) directly, thus starting the war of attacking and destroying the Southern Song Dynasty.

Break through Xiangfan

Xiangyang and Fancheng, located at the southern end of Nanyang Basin, are located in the upper reaches of Hanshui River, surrounded by water on three sides, mountains on one side, mountains in the west, Jianghuai in the east and Jingyu in the east, which are the key points to control the north and south. The Southern Song Dynasty regarded it as the foundation of the imperial court and an important place related to the survival of the country, so it opened the government to build a city, store grain and station troops. After years of operation, it was built into a military town with high city, deep pool and sufficient soldiers and grain. Kublai Khan knew the importance of Xiangfan when he attacked the Song Dynasty in the early Qing Dynasty. Later, he worked with Shang Tingting, Hao Jing, Guo Kan and other advisers to build a strategy, and gradually formed the strategy of taking Xiangfan first. After Kublai Khan put down the civil strife, after five years of war preparation, he had the conditions for a large-scale war. When Liu, the Song general, put forward a general plan to attack the Song Dynasty, he first wanted to engage in Xiangyang, that is, he was determined to make a breakthrough in the middle. In five years at the end of Yuan Dynasty, Kublai Khan ordered Marshal Asu and Liu Zheng to attack Xiangfan, and sent Shi and Xu, envoys of Tang Dynasty, to stab Xiangfan to death. Shi, Asu and Liu Zheng, given that Xiangyang and Fancheng have strong city defenses and are good at guarding city passes and water warfare, adopted the tactics of building forts together, siege for a long time, land and water resistance and standby to break the city, assembled 654.38+ 10,000 troops to attack the city, and trained 70,000 water troops in the west of Wanshan (now Xiangfan West) and built 5,000 warships to enhance the strength of Mongolian water army. Surrounded by the Mongols, Song Jun failed to help Xiangfan seven times, and the defenders failed to attack many times. Xiangyang and Fancheng were besieged for five years, without foreign aid, only connected by pontoon bridges. Ten years at the end of Yuan Dynasty, in the history of Henan Province, Ali participated in Haig's political affairs, and adopted the tactics of Zhang Hongfan and the captain of the water army to attack Fancheng by land and water, making Xiangyang unable to defend itself at home and without reinforcements. Under the inducement and military pressure, Lu surrendered to the city. Song Tingchao was shocked by the Yuan Army's invasion of Xiangfan, so he quickly adjusted his deployment and moved the strategic defense focus back to the front line of the Yangtze River (see the battle of Xiangfan).

Throw Han into the river

Kublai Khan adopted the strategy of building generals and ministers, increased his troops by 65,438+10,000, and attacked the Song Dynasty on a large scale. Yuan troops stationed in the middle of Shu were ordered to attack important places in Sichuan to prevent Song Jun from aiding the East. Liu Hedan was ordered to take charge of the Privy Council of Huaixi, and Boluo Huan was appointed as Marshal of Huaidong, who attacked Huaihuai, contained and cooperated with the main force to attack Song (see Huaixi Battle). Bo Yan, the left prime minister of Jinghu Province, and Asu, the administrative officer of Pingzhang, led 200,000 troops from Xiangyang along the Hanshui River to the Yangtze River and Lin 'an. And warned Bo Yan not to kill innocent people in order to win the hearts of the people. In September of the 11th year, Bo Yan and Asu led the troops to Yunzhou (now Zhongxiang, Hubei), but they were stubbornly stopped by Zhang Shijie, the commander-in-chief of Huangzhou Wuding in the Song Dynasty. In order to reduce losses and cross the river as soon as possible, Bo Yan ordered the army to bypass Huangjiawan and Tenghu (now Zhongxiang, Hubei) (see the Battle of Yunzhou). In October, the Yuan Army assembled troops to attack Shayang and Xincheng (now Zhongxiang South, Hubei Province) (see the battle between Shayang and Xincheng). In November, he entered Caidian (now Hanyang West, Wuhan) and wanted to cross the river to capture Ezhou (now Wuchang, Wuhan). Ezhou is located at the mouth of the Hanshui River, which is the throat of the Yangtze River and the crossroads between the north and the south. It was an important river defense town in the Southern Song Dynasty. In order to prevent the Yuan army from drifting into the river, Song Ting ordered Huai 'an to make Xia Gui lead 10,000 warships to control the Han River into the estuary. Wang Yi of Hanyang Army defended Hanyang and Ezhou Zhang, and controlled Wang Da to defend Yangluobao. Fu Xuan in Jinghu Lake made Zhu Sisun use guerrillas to hold the middle reaches of the river. In December, Bo Yan ordered the Yuan Army to occupy Shawukou (now Hanyang East, Wuhan) and station troops along the river. Then, avoid reality and be empty, and successfully cross the Yangtze River. So the division surrounded Yangluobao and Hanyang Army, captured Ezhou, and completed a major turning point in the War to Destroy the Song Dynasty. (See the Battle of Ezhou)

Jinzhan healthy

In the first month of the 12th year of Zhiyuan, in view of the absence of Sichuan, Hunan and Jiangling (now Hubei), in order to ensure the safety of the rear, Bo Yan ordered Youcheng Ali to lead 40,000 troops to guard Ezhou. Taking the army of more than 65,438+/kloc-0,000,000 men, which was directed by the surrendered general Lu Zi, as the pioneer, we advanced eastward along the river with the strategy of both war and assistance. Because many counties along the Yangtze River are the old headquarters of Lu, the Yuan Army has defected. In February, Song Jia Si Dao was ordered to supervise130,000 divisions with 2,500 warships, stopping at Dingjiazhou (now north of Tongling, Anhui Province) to Lugang (now southwest of Wuhu, Anhui Province). Because the generals had different ambitions, they chickened out and the army collapsed at the touch of a thread, which led to the loss of Song Jun's elite (see the battle of Dingjiazhou). The Yuan Army moved eastward to Taiping Prefecture (now Dangtu, Anhui Province), and Jiang Dongyun sentenced Meng Zhicheng to surrender. In March, the Yuan army arrived in Jiankang (now Nanjing), Zhao Cheng was forced to give up the city along the coast of Song Changjiang, and many others surrendered to the city. The magistrate of Zhenjiang did not dare to avoid the flood, and Shi Zuzhong, the general manager, went downtown. Partial division takes Raozhou (now Boyang, Jiangxi) and Ningguo House (now Xuancheng, Anhui). Guangde County (now Anhui), Liyang and Changzhou (all Jiangsu) surrendered one after another. Kublai Khan ordered Bo Yan to save Jiankang, and Abraham participated in politics; Atahai and Dong Wenbing set up a Privy Council in Zhenjiang (now Jiangsu) and told them to keep the camp and not to enter. Asu was ordered to lead an army to attack Yangzhou (now Jiangsu) and stop its aid to the south.

In order to save the crisis, Song Ting sent troops to defend Yin Shu, Dongba (now Gaochun East, Jiangsu), Si 'an Town (now Guangde East, Anhui), Dushanguan (now Anji South, Zhejiang), Wujiang (now Jiangsu) and other important places. Zhang Shijie, commander-in-chief of Baokang Army, was ordered to send troops from Lin 'an to Kangyuan, and successively recovered Guangde, Liyang and Changzhou.

Ali Haig led the army to defeat Gao Shijie, the appeasement deputy envoy and governor of Yuezhou, at Jingjiang Mouth, and occupied Yuezhou (now Hunan) (see the Battle of Yuezhou). Destroy Shashi Town (now southeast of Jiangling), a rustic city, conquer Jiangling (now Hubei), Zhaoli State (now Lixian County, Hunan Province), Changde (now Hunan Province), Xiafu (now Tianmen, Yichang, Hubei Province), Ying and other states. Ali's victory in Jing Lake in The Hague relieved Bo Yan's worries about entering Lin 'an.

In July, Zhang Shijie led ten thousand warships with Liu, the commander-in-chief of Pingjiang, and Sun Huchen, the commander-in-chief of Taizhou, with ten ships as one boat, and even the iron chain anchored in the river, lying across the Jiaoshan River, trying to fight the Yuan Army, Asu cooperated with the water and land, and was defeated by fire (see the battle of Jiao Shan). The Yangtze river defense line collapsed completely, and Lin' an was in danger.

Will attack Lin' an

Kublai Khan, the right prime minister of Jiankang Province, and Bo Yan built a strategy to push their victory to destroy the Song Dynasty. Ali, a tourist city, was ordered to attack Hunan in The Hague. The viceroy Dai, the left deputy viceroy, the Han army Wanhu and Zhang Rongshi took Jiangxi, cutting off the connection between the East and the West in the Southern Song Dynasty. Ashu, the left prime minister of the province, led the army to attack Yangzhou and blocked Song Jun from helping the south in Huaidong; Life Bo Yan rate main straight for linan. 10, Bo Yan divided his forces and attacked Zhenjiang in the south; Abraham, a politician, and Oluchi, the general manager of 40,000 households, rode from Jiankang to Liyang and Guangde on the right, attacking Dushangguan. Dong Wenbing, Wan Hongfan, the governor of Zhongshu, and Fan Zuowei, two Zhejiang university students, led the boat division through Jiangyin Army (now Jiangyin, Jiangsu Province) and Xupu (now northeast Changshu, Jiangsu Province) and from the sea to Ganpu (now Haiyan South, Zhejiang Province). Bo Yan and Youcheng Atahai led the Central Army to Changzhou and Pingjiang (now Suzhou, Jiangsu) to contain the armies stationed in Lin 'an. In the first month of 13th year, the Third Route Army joined forces with Gaoting Mountain (now north of Hangzhou). Xie Daoqing, the empress dowager of the Regent of the Song Dynasty, refused to fight Zhang Shijie and Wen Tianxiang in order to survive and build a strategy. At the same time, Wang, Zhao Min and others were sent to flee to the south, and envoys were sent to surrender to Yuan. Prime Minister Chen fled to Wenzhou (now Zhejiang), and Zhang Shijie and his troops left. On the fifth day of February, Zhao Xian, the Emperor Gongzong of Song Dynasty, led officials to lower the Yuan in Lin 'an. Bo Yan accepted the imperial edict of Xie Daoqing and handed over the counties (see the Battle of Lin 'an). Huai system makes Xia Gui return to Yuan with Huai. Commander Huai Dong insisted on resisting Yuan until July and was called back to Hainan by the exiled regime. Deputy viceroy Huan Zhu led Yuan into the city, and Jiang Cai was captured and killed. Huaidong was occupied by the Yuan Army (see the Battle of Yangzhou). On the battlefield in Jiangxi, Song Dudai and Hengli conquered Longxing House (now Nanchang) and surrendered to eleven cities. Song Jun's resistance was defeated by spinning Tuanhuping (now at the foot of Tuanhushan Mountain in southwest Jiangxi Wannian) and Longmaping (now at the lakeside of North Jun Mountain in Jinxian, Jiangxi). In February of 13th year, Jianchang Army (now in the south of Jiangxi) and Linjiang Army (now in the southwest of Qingjiang, Jiangxi) were defeated. Ji, Yuan (now Ji 'an, Yichun, Jiangxi), Jiangxi (now Jiangxi) and other states fell one after another, and Jiang Xiping. On the battlefield in Hunan, Ali Haig captured Tanzhou (now Changsha) in the first month of the thirteenth year (see the Battle of Tanzhou), and ordered all counties not affiliated to Hunan, Shaozhou (now Shaoguan, Guangdong), Nanxiong (now Guangdong) and Hunan to surrender.

Chase and kill two kings.

In May of the 13th year of Zhiyuan, Chen, Zhang Shijie, Lu Xiufu, Wen Tianxiang, etc. Wang Zhaoyun was made emperor of Fuzhou and Yuan Jingyan was changed. Zhao Min of Guangwang is Wang Wei, Chen is Zuo's Prime Minister, Tang Shi and General, Zhang Shijie is Tang Shi, Lu Xiufu is Privy Council, and Wen Tianxiang is Tang Shi and General. Send troops to Jiangxi and southern Zhejiang to fight against Yuan. In June, in order to pursue the remnants of the Southern Song Dynasty, the Yuan Army set up Shangshu Province in Ezhou and Lin 'an, and set up various propaganda departments. Command the generals to continue to push south. Zhang Shijie was forced to take Zhao Min and Zhao Min hostage and flee to the sea. In November, Pingzhang Ali went to The Hague to March into Guangxi, defeated the garrison commander Ma Ji in Jingjiang (now Guilin, Guangxi), and sent his troops to surrender to most counties in Guangnan West Road (see the Battle of Jingjiang). /kloc-in may of 0/4, Wen Tianxiang led an army to attack Jiangxi. Insurgents all over the country responded in succession, recovering nine counties except Ganzhou and eight counties in Jizhou. Later defeated by Guangdong alone, he was captured in Wupoling (now Haifeng North, Guangdong) (see Wen Tianxiang's counterattack against Jiangxi). /kloc-in February of 0/5, Yuan Xichuan made a heavy siege of Chongqing, the city was broken, and the garrison commander Zhang Jue was captured (see the Battle of Chongqing). Then he conquered Kuizhou. Eight months later, Wang Li, the governor of Hezhou (now Hechuan East, Sichuan), went to the city to surrender. Sichuan ping. In April, Zhao Min died in Song Dynasty, and Zhang Shijie and Lu Xiufu made Zhao Min emperor and moved to Shaanxi (now Xinhui South, Guangdong). In June, Kublai Khan appointed Zhang Hongfan as commander-in-chief of the Mongolian and Han armies, and led twenty thousand troops south by sea. Commander-in-Chief Heng Li led the army south by land to destroy the remnants of the Southern Song Dynasty. 1 1 month, Zhang Hongfan attacked Zhangzhou (now Fujian), Chaozhou and Huizhou (both belong to Guangdong) from the sea. Hengli led the army across Dayu Mountain into Guangdong, occupied Yingde (now Guangdong) and occupied Guangzhou. In the first month of 16th year, Zhang Hongfan and his army went to Guo, first controlling Haikou and cutting off the route for providing foodstuff. At the beginning of February, skillfully using the tide, the north and the south entered each other, and using the barrier to prevent arrows, the ships on the edge of the Song Dynasty fought bravely and destroyed Song Jun, and the Southern Song Dynasty perished.