What are the famous forests, rivers, lakes, deserts and plains in the world?

The Amazon River is the pride of the Latin American people. It is majestic and winding through Peru, Brazil, Bolivia, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela and other countries, nourishing a vast land of 8 million square kilometers, nurturing the world's largest tropical rainforest, and making the Amazon River Basin Become recognized as the most mysterious "Kingdom of Life" in the world.

There are dense forests on both sides of the Amazon River. Abundant rain, hot and humid climate, and long periods of strong sunshine provide unique conditions for plant growth in the Amazon basin, making this area the world's largest tropical rainforest area, with a forest area of ??300 million hectares, accounting for 10% of the world's existing forest area. 1/3 of the tropical rainforest, 87% of which is in Brazil. It is rich in natural resources, diverse species, complex ecological environment, and well-preserved biodiversity. It is known as the "Paradise of Biological Scientists" and the "Lungs of the Earth".

However, the Amazon rainforest has not received much love from humans because of its wealth. Uncontrolled development has caused great damage to the local natural environment.

With the development of Brazil’s own economy, a large number of immigrants have poured into the edge of the Amazon rainforest. In order to obtain land and food from nature, people have used various means and tools to seize forests and create farmland. With the continuous extension of highways and railway lines, it is easier for farmers to penetrate deep into the original dense forests to cut and burn for cultivation. During the reclamation process, people drove heavy tractors into the forest, cut down the trees, and then set them on fire. The ecological environment in forest areas is very fragile, and most nutrients are not in the soil, but are stored in living plants. When a forest burns out, most of its nutrients are dispersed by the wind. After cultivating the cleared land, after a season or two, the soil either depletes its fertility or is washed away by rain, leaving nothing but gravel without any vegetation. Large multinational companies are interested in the rich local iron, copper, bauxite and other mineral resources, and they do not hesitate to invest heavily in mining them.

According to data from Brazil’s National Institute of Geography and Statistics, 23,000 square kilometers of rainforest in the Amazon are destroyed every year. Over the past 30 years, 1/6 of the world's largest rainforest area has been severely damaged. Brazil's forest area has been reduced by half compared to 400 years ago. Experts point out that the reduction of tropical rainforests not only means the reduction of forest resources, but also means the deterioration of the environment on a global scale. If the Amazon is deforested, the amount of oxygen on Earth that sustains human life will be reduced by one-third.

The deforestation of the Amazon has not brought more wealth to Brazilians. They just fill their stomachs, but what they bring is eternal trauma and irreparable harm to nature. Excessive deforestation has caused soil erosion, soil desertification, and serious soil and water loss. Some areas in the states of Pará and Amapá in northeastern Brazil have become the driest and poorest places in Brazil due to deforestation and ecological destruction.

The Amazon rainforest is rich in vegetation, with as many as 1,200 different plant species per square kilometer. However, with the reduction of tropical rainforests, at least 500,000 to 800,000 plant and animal species will become extinct in a few years. The loss of the rainforest gene pool will become one of the biggest losses for mankind.

In this regard, the Brazilian government has become increasingly aware of the seriousness of the problem, has formulated a number of environmental protection policies, and taken various measures to strengthen the protection and monitoring of the forest environment. Environmental protection and sustainable development have become one of the government's priority goals.