Talking about the influence of water conservancy project on ecological environment?

What is the specific content of the impact of water conservancy projects on the ecological environment? Here, Zhong Da Consulting will answer your questions.

The impact of water conservancy projects on the environment is very extensive, many of which are long-term and irreversible, and should be highly valued. Ecological engineering is a brand-new discipline and an important technology for China's modernization and sustainable development. In order to solve the environmental problems in the construction, the engineering construction must obey the overall planning of the eco-economic zone, proceed from the systematic thought, and apply modern scientific and technological achievements and modern management science, especially the important technology of ecological engineering and the effective experience of traditional engineering management according to the principles of ecology, economics and eco-economics, so as to obtain higher engineering, ecological and social benefits. Applying the principle of ecological engineering to solve environmental problems in water conservancy project construction can not only obtain better ecological and economic benefits, but also enrich the theory of water conservancy project construction and ecological engineering. In the construction of water conservancy projects, the environmental problems encountered are very extensive and specific.

1 Impact of Water Conservancy Project on Ecological Environment in China

In China, the impact of water conservancy projects on ecological balance and environment began to receive attention in the late 1950s. For this reason, the State Council stipulates that environmental protection must be considered when planning large (medium) water conservancy projects in the future.

The carrying capacity of water resources is 1. 1. Although the Yangtze River basin is rich in water resources, it can't stand the uncontrolled development and utilization. What is the carrying capacity of water resources in the Yangtze River Basin? We haven't studied this problem enough. Therefore, the eleventh five-year plan must first thoroughly study this problem, otherwise, the layout of the whole water conservancy construction will be out of the question. On the basis of finding out the family background of water resources, we should have a preliminary view on the allocation of water resources. The allocation of ν is not "one leveling and two adjustments" under the planned economy, but should be carried out in accordance with the market mechanism, and the water resources of a river basin cannot be called for free. What if everyone's mind is on it? With the concept of economy, the more water is transferred, the more unfair the distribution of resources will be and the waste of resources will be promoted. According to the market mechanism, the most fundamental premise is to clarify the water right. Now, our work in this field can be said to be good? Let's begin. Many comrades are always hesitant about the initial allocation of water rights in the Yangtze River basin. Don't hesitate now, work hard. Obviously, the initial water right is influenced by many factors, including the present situation, the requirements of economic development strategy, the influence of water-saving behavior, the limitation of the maximum water consumption in this basin, etc. When determining the demand for water resources for economic and social development, water conservation should be considered.

1.2 ecological environment carrying capacity. Harnessing and developing the Yangtze River can't destroy the ecology. Therefore, in the development and utilization of water resources, we must first maintain the ecological water demand of the river itself, which is the basic condition for the health of the ecosystem. Ecological water demand includes the basic ecological water demand of rivers, that is, the minimum water required to maintain the most basic ecological and environmental functions of river systems; Including the water demand of river sediment transport and salt discharge, that is, the water required to maintain the dynamic balance of river morphology and salt under certain requirements of sediment transport and salt discharge; It also includes the eco-environmental water demand of lake depression, that is, the water consumed by evaporation to maintain the water function of lake depression. Ecological water demand is highly correlated with the change of river flow, which is estimated by the United States as 1978? When the water consumption of aquatic organisms in a water resources subarea is judged by the monthly flow of inland river outflow points in the subarea, the evaluation criteria are put forward: ① the runoff in the river is 60% of the average value for many years, which is the recommended basic runoff for providing excellent and excellent habitat conditions for most aquatic organisms; (2) River runoff is 30% of the average for many years, which is the recommended basic runoff for maintaining good habitat conditions for most aquatic organisms; (3) River runoff is 10% of the average for many years, which is the recommended instantaneous runoff for most aquatic organisms under short-term living conditions. In the development of hydropower resources, in the past, the development rate of 100% was often pursued according to the cascade opening model of river basins. Because the compensation cost of immigrants and cultivated land will be higher and higher, considering the environmental carrying capacity of the reservoir area, we should choose suitable development goals according to local conditions when planning. 1.3 fair constraint problem. Adhering to the people-oriented principle and realizing the "five overall plans" all require us to take the principle of promoting people's all-round development and the principle of coordinated regional economic and social development. We can't sacrifice the interests of one region to gain the interests of others: we can't sacrifice the interests of some people to gain the interests of others. In the past decades, the resettlement of reservoir migrants in China has gone through two stages: resettlement and development. Although the per capita immigration funds have increased a lot, there are still many problems. It's been taken care of. Recently, some experts suggested studying the "investment-oriented" resettlement method. That is to say, the immigrants in the reservoir area take their residence rights and land use rights as capital shares, enjoy certain equity in the operation of power stations, and participate in hydropower development and construction, so that immigrants and developers form the same interests, and immigrants enjoy the benefits of hydropower development for a long time. Local governments and immigrant representatives in immigrant areas participate in the decision-making management of project construction as shareholders. This suggestion is worth studying and discussing.

1.4 technical constraints. The technical constraints mentioned here do not refer to the traditional hydraulic technology. For the traditional hydraulic technology, it should be said that we have taken the lead in the world, but the hydraulic technology based on the organic combination of ecology and water conservancy and hydropower engineering has just started in the Yangtze River basin. From the perspective of maintaining the healthy ecology of the Yangtze River, our water conservancy technology needs to be improved and improved. Therefore, when planning river type and designing river reach, we should follow the natural evolution law of rivers and scientifically determine the functions of main channel, beach and revetment, including flood control, ecology, hydrophilicity, culture, sports and entertainment. In the design of revetment engineering, increase hydrophilic space and ecosystem protection space, and build hydrophilic banks. In the selection of dike and revetment materials, we should use less hard materials and more natural materials, and pay attention to the development and application of environmental protection building materials. The impact of large-scale water conservancy projects on the ecological environment is also manifested in the growth and reproduction of fish, so the corresponding research work in planning and design should be strengthened.

2 Countermeasures for the environmental impact of water conservancy projects

2. Main problems of1① Inevitable environmental impacts: such as reservoir-induced strong earthquakes, large-scale bank collapse, extinction of endangered rare animals and plants, etc. (2) Avoid or mitigate the environmental impact: This impact can generally be avoided or mitigated by careful design and construction, strengthening management and other means, or a new ecological balance can be established through the adjustment of natural factors themselves. ③ Environmental impact between the two: mainly excessive flooding? Social problems, such as the loss caused by λ elevation of groundwater, large-scale deterioration of ecological environment and large-scale salinization of land, will pay a huge price if they are not well managed. Therefore, the environmental impact of water conservancy projects has become an important field of environmental science research in China, and it is also a problem that water conservancy workers should consider when engaged in water conservancy work.

2.2 Analysis of specific impact countermeasures For the bad ecological balance, the construction of water conservancy project itself is a benign transformation, making it develop in a direction conducive to human health. The key is how to do our best to reduce the man-made adverse effects in the process of project construction. This puts forward the following tasks for the project builders: ① In the early stage of planning and design, we should collect hydrological data and investigate the geological conditions of the project site. For example, for large reservoirs, the emphasis is on hydrological data and geological structure, and the flood control ability and stability of dams and the avoidance of earthquakes are fully considered. ② A certain engineering structure should be designed in the planning to meet the living habits of aquatic organisms in the dam area and reduce the flood in the reservoir area. Fan χ. (3) Tasks in the construction stage: A When signing a construction contract, the contractor's responsibility for the diffusion of pollutants on the construction site and the labor protection of construction personnel should be written into the contract, and environmental protection measures should be taken to limit the discharge of various pollutants within the standards. B, before construction, establish necessary environmental monitoring institutions at the construction site to measure the background of water quality, atmosphere and noise, so as to compare with the monitoring results at different stages of construction. C after the construction workers enter the construction site, they should also establish health and epidemic prevention institutions to avoid tens of thousands of workers gathering together during the construction period, causing the spread and spread of the epidemic. This lesson is very profound in China's water conservancy construction during the Great Leap Forward. (4) The task of later construction. In particular, it is necessary to restore the vegetation landscape destroyed in the construction stage in time, formulate a comprehensive greening plan for the work area, and protect the ecological balance that has been formed. In the biosphere in the work area, study the rational utilization, protection and production mode of biological resources, control the development of planned populations, and maintain an appropriate proportion of biological populations.

In a word, the construction of large-scale water conservancy projects will inevitably break the original ecological balance, and this kind of "breaking" should be analyzed in detail and cannot be generalized. In order to survive and develop, human beings naturally need to break the vicious dynamic ecological balance and change from "evil" to "good"; Similarly, it is precisely because of human development that we need to "break" those "benign" ecological balances and make them develop in a more favorable direction, and the price is precisely the environmental protection issue that we should pay full attention to in the construction process. Therefore, the renewal of ideas is an important cognitive premise for the coordinated development of man and nature.

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