Does Korea have anything to do with North Korea? What is the history between them? (detailed)

Korean history mainly refers to the internal history of the Korean peninsula.

Ancient Korea

In China's historical records, there is "Dongyi", which means Eastern archers. They are all over Manchuria, the eastern coast of China, the north of the Yangtze River, the Japanese archipelago and the Korean peninsula. Modern Koreans may be a branch of Dongyi. The Korean Peninsula has a history of 5,000 years, which can be traced back to the founding of Dangun. But in fact, as early as hundreds of thousands of years ago, people lived on the Korean peninsula. The Paleolithic Age of the Korean Peninsula began in 700,000 BC and entered the Bronze Age in 10 BC. In the 4th century BC, it entered the Iron Age. Korean people used to be Altaic people living in the northern continent of Asia, and then gradually moved to the Korean peninsula. From the 4th century BC, a slave country was formed in the north, which was called ancient Korea in history. Several tribal alliances have been formed in the southern part of the peninsula, namely, Wokuotai, Yi, Mahan, Chen Han and Han Ge. Later, Malaysia and Korea unified three Koreas and called them Chen Guo.

Tan Jun, Korea

According to legend, in 2333 BC, Tan Jun Wang Jian, a descendant of Xiong Huan, a "bear girl" (originally meaning a bear turned into a woman, probably a tribal woman with a bear as a totem) established Wang Chengjian in Pyongyang today, and established the ancient "Korea State", which means "the country of quiet and dawn". After Dangen ruled Korea 1500 years, he abdicated and became a mountain god. This legend is recorded in the History of the Three Kingdoms.

Ji zi, Korea

The earliest recorded Korea in the history of China was in the Western Zhou Dynasty after the demise of Shang Dynasty. Ji Zi, a follower of Shang Dynasty, went to the Korean Peninsula and established a "Jishi Houguo" with the local aborigines. At the end of 3rd century BC, it was recorded for the first time in Korean history. According to Records of the Historian written by Sima Qian, a historian of Han Dynasty in China, Ji Zi, the younger brother of the last king of Shang Dynasty, came to the northern part of the Korean Peninsula with the etiquette and system of Shang Dynasty after his conquest in Zhou Wuwang, and was elected as the monarch by the people there, and was recognized by the Zhou Dynasty. Historically known as "Jizi Korea".

According to the Korean history book "The Legacy of the Three Kingdoms", after Ji Zi came to North Korea, Uichiro Niwa's descendants moved south with their clansmen to avoid conflicts with people brought by Ji Zi. These people later became the ancestors of Sanhan.

Jizi Korea ruled the Korean peninsula for nearly a thousand years. According to Taiyuan Xianyu genealogy, the Xianyu family in North Korea originated from the descendants of Jizi Korea. Starting from Ji Zi, they experienced 4 1 generation monarchs, and were not eliminated until 1 century BC.

Due to nationalism, some Korean and South Korean scholars have some disputes about the existence of this history and do not recognize the existence of Jizi Korea.

Weishi Korea

Wei Man, the general of Yan State, led the immigrants into North Korea and became the minister of the palace of Jizi North Korea. Wei regime was established in North Korea in 194 BC and overthrew the regime. This is the second dynasty in Korean history, called "Wei's Korea".

Four Counties and Three Han Dynasties in Han Dynasty

In BC 108, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty destroyed Wei's Korea and established four counties, namely Le Lang, Xuantu, Lintun and Fan Zhen, in the north-central part of the Korean Peninsula, which were called "Han Four Counties" in history. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Gongsun family in Liaodong (including Gongsun Zan in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms) set up a county in the south of Le Lang County. The ancient Koreans who moved south, including the adherents of Wei, Korea and other tribes, established the State of Chen centered on Chen, Han, and Han in the southern part of the Korean Peninsula, as well as some small countries such as Jiadai.

three kingdoms period

Due to the disintegration of the Han Dynasty, the state of Chen began to disintegrate in the middle of 1 century. Silla and Baekje are getting stronger and stronger. In the 4th century, Korea formed a period in which Goguryeo, Silla and Baekje stood in three pillars.

Around A.D. (recorded in the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms in 1 century BC), there were three major regimes on the Korean peninsula: Silla (57-935 BC), Koguryo (37-668 BC) and Baekje (0/8-660 BC). At the southern tip of the peninsula, there are other regimes such as Gad. Countries attacked each other, and at the same time there was a heyday in Korean history.

Baekje was developed by Mahan tribe, and Silla was formed by a small tribe in Chen Han. Baekje relied on China's Southern Dynasties to absorb culture from China and spread it to Japan.

About Katsuo/ Na Ren Japanese House

On the Japanese side, some scholars believe that Kato and other regimes in Han Ge (now Gyeongsangnam-do) at the southern tip of the Korean peninsula were the colonial "Na Ren's Japan House" of the Japanese Daiwa court on the Korean peninsula at that time. Baekje, one of the three countries on the peninsula, approached Japan to resist the invasion of Koguryo and Silla and wanted to use Japan to contain the two countries. Japan tried to use this situation to establish its own power on the Korean peninsula. This led the Daiwa court to send troops to Silla, occupy Korea and establish Japanese government rule in the fourth century.

In May12, Baekje sent envoys to ask the Yamato court to cede four counties to compensate the northern territory occupied by Koguryo. At that time, the Yamato court was unable to continue to rule southern Korea and had to agree to Baekje's request. In 562, the Japanese government in Na Ren was destroyed by Silla.

On the other hand, in North Korea and South Korea, many scholars deny the existence of Japanese colonies on the Korean peninsula. On the contrary, they think that there are many small countries ruled by Baekje, Kadoorie and Silla on the Japanese archipelago. When the countries on the peninsula compete with each other, they also compete to use their own power in the Japanese archipelago.

Scholars from Japan, South Korea and South Korea have not reached an acceptable conclusion on this issue, and a certain year's Microsoft Encyclopedia attracted protests from some Korean scholars because of this issue. There are also many controversies about the interpretation of Goguryeo's inscription "The Monument to the Good King" in the Three Kingdoms. Some North Korean scholars even pointed out that the inscription on the tablet was tampered with by the old Japanese General Staff Headquarters.

Unified Silla era

Silla formed an alliance with the emerging Tang Dynasty. When Emperor Gaozong was in power, he and the Tang Dynasty jointly destroyed Baekje in 660 AD and Goguryeo in 668. However, the Tang Dynasty sent general Xue to set up Anton in Koguryo and Baekje. Due to the resistance of local people and the threat of western Turkistan in the Tang Dynasty, Tang Jun retreated in 676, and Silla finally unified the Korean Peninsula, making Gyeongju its capital and adopting the state system of the Tang Dynasty.

In the 9th century, farmers all over the country revolted. In 900, Zhen Xuan, the general of the army, became king. After the establishment of Baekje, Gwangju was its capital. In 903, Gong Jin, an uprising monk, proclaimed himself king, and established Taifeng State (initially known as Mozhen State) in the north and northwest of Silla, with Tieyuan as its capital. In 9 18, Wang Jian established the Korean dynasty, and later took "Korea" as the country name. The original Silla is also known as the post-Three Kingdoms period.

Silla died in Korea in 935, and the Silla era ended. Some Korean scholars have included the Bohai Sea in their own history, so they call this era the North-South era.

Koryo dynasty

In 9 18, Wang Jian, the ministry of Gong Yi Wang in the post-Koguryo period, was made king and moved to his hometown of Kaesong (Song Yue), and the country name was changed to "Korea". Silla was destroyed in 935, Baekje was destroyed in 936, and the Korean dynasty was established. Defeated by Liao in 993, he was forced to break off relations with Song and surrender to Liao, and was forced to surrender to Jin in 1 127. During the resistance against the Khitan and Jurchen, the military strength increased greatly. 1 170 and 1 173, under the leadership of the military commander Zheng Zhongfu, two coups took place, in which the military deposed the king and killed the noble civilian, and finally established the "Du Fang" regime in which the military commander Cui Zhongxian held the king hostage. 123 1 year, Mongolian troops attacked Korea, 1258, Cui regime crossed Taiwan, and the king surrendered to Mongolia. Became a vassal state of the Yuan Dynasty, and the great scholar Huachi was stationed in Kaesong to supervise state affairs. 1280 became a province in the Yuan Dynasty (a province in the east).

Li Korea

1368, the Ming dynasty overthrew the yuan dynasty, 1387, Zhu Yuanzhang wanted to recover the territory of the former northeast yuan dynasty. King Koryo still clings to the remnants of Mongolia and refuses to return them. He sent Li Chenggui to attack Liaodong, and Li Chenggui opposed sending troops to launch a coup. 1392 deposed the king and changed the name of the country to North Korea, which means "Bright Asahi". This era was called "Li Dynasty" by Japan, and this title is still used in most historians. Scholars in North Korea and South Korea think it should be called the Korean era, but this name is easily confused and rarely accepted.

1443, King Sejong founded the Korean character "Training Andrew".

1469 Guo Jing Grand Ceremony established a new political system.

The Li Dynasty pursued the policy of worshipping Confucianism and restraining Buddhism.

159 1 year, Toyotomi Hideyoshi led 200,000 troops to invade Korea and once occupied Pyongyang. China sent troops to aid Korea in the Ming Dynasty. 1598, the Japanese army was defeated by the allied forces of China and North Korea. North Korean general Li Shunchen and China general Deng Zilong supported each other and died heroically. This period of history is called "Benevolence and Japanese Rebellion", and modern China is called "Wanli War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea".

16 18, the Ming dynasty fought against the late Jin dynasty, and North Korea sent troops to help. 1636, the Qing army captured Korea, and the king surrendered to pay tribute and became the conferring country of the Qing Dynasty.

1863, after the death of Zhezong, there was no heir. Li Yunying, the son of the royal family, became emperor and Li Yunying was the regent of the "Grand Court". He carried out a series of reforms, strengthened centralization, suppressed local feudal forces, closed the country to the outside world, set fire to American warships robbed in North Korea, repelled the attacks of American warships many times, and destroyed three American warships.

1873, when Emperor Gaozong came to power as an adult, the big courtyard king was no longer regent, and the consorts of Min Fei took power. Japanese warships entered the mouth of the Han River, forcing North Korea to sign an unequal treaty on the river. 1882, Minfei's consorts deducted their salaries, which led to Renwu mutiny. During the mutiny, the uprising soldiers killed officials of the Japanese legation and broke into the palace. Princess Min fled disguised as a maid-in-waiting, and Dayuanjun regained power. At Min Fei's request, the Qing Dynasty sent Wu Changqing to lead 3,000 troops into North Korea to suppress the rebellion, imprisoned Yuan Jun, and Min Fei's consorts returned to power. Since then, both Japan and the Qing Dynasty have stationed troops in Korea.

North Korean aristocrats are divided into "civilized faction" demanding reform and "old school" headed by Min Fei. 1884, 1884 On February 4, 1984, the civilized faction planned with the Japanese minister, relying on the Japanese army to launch a coup, killing the old school official and announcing the severance of relations with the Qing government. It was for the "coup in Shen Jia" that the Qing army led by Yuan Shikai entered the palace on 6th at the request of the old guard, defeated the Japanese army and killed the civilized leader. Some civilized leaders fled to Japan, and conservatives returned to power.

1894, a large-scale peasant uprising broke out in North Korea. On June 6, the Qing army landed in Asan, and then the Japanese army landed in Incheon on July 6, launching the Renwu Incident to occupy Seoul, forcing North Korea to sign the unequal Jiwupu Treaty (Jiwupu is now Incheon). And organized a pro-Japanese government to suppress the peasant uprising.

1894 Japan and the Qing army launched the Sino-Japanese War in Korea.

1in April, 895, the Qing army failed and the Sino-Japanese treaty of shimonoseki was signed. North Korea announced the termination of its canonization relationship with the Qing Dynasty and became a modern country. Japan assassinated Empress Mingcheng with anti-Japanese tendencies.

1896, Emperor Gaozong proclaimed himself Emperor Deng Ji and established the Korean Empire. From then on, North Korea changed to South Korea. After the Russo-Japanese War, Russia was defeated.

1905 protection treaty. In Japan, North Korea became Japan's "protectorate".

1906, Japan established a "unified supervision" regime dispatched by Japan in North Korea.

1907 Japan forced Emperor Gaozong to abdicate and was succeeded by the Crown Prince.

1909, the first governor of Japan, Ito Bowen, was stabbed to death by North Korean patriot An Zhonggen in Harbin.

During the Japanese rule,

Japan-Korea merger

19 10 In August, Japan forced the South Korean government to sign the Japan-South Korea Merger Treaty with it, formally annexed the Korean peninsula, and established the South Korean Governor's Office for colonial rule. Japan made the Korean royal family a Japanese aristocrat, abdicated the Emperor Gaozong and established Shunzong.

provisional government

1 965438+March 20091day, a large-scale rebellion broke out on the Korean peninsula due to Japan's ban on the use of Korean language in schools. Liu Kuanshun and other young students today published the "Sany Declaration of Independence" in Tadong Park, Jongno-ku, Seoul, and spread the Declaration of Independence throughout the country. These independence activities aroused the resistance of the people, impacted the Japanese police organs everywhere, and led to the violent suppression by the Japanese police. History is called the "Sany Movement". In the same year, the leaders of the Korean independence movement set up interim governments in Vladivostok, Shanghai and Seoul. Finally, the three provisional governments merged into the "Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea" in Shanghai. The provisional government was recognized by the government of protecting the country led by Dr. Sun Yat-sen of China and other countries. 1939 After the fall of Shanghai, the provisional government moved several times, and finally 1940 moved to Chongqing, the wartime capital of China at that time. With the help of the China government, the Korean Zionists established the "Korean Recovery Army" and the "Korean Volunteer Army" in China. 1941On February 7th, the Pacific War broke out, and on February 9th, 65438, the provisional government declared war on Japan. 1942 On May 15, the China Military Commission decided to merge the two armies into the Korean Recovery Army, which was directly under the jurisdiction of the interim government. 1945165438+1On October 23rd, the provisional government of the Republic of Korea moved back to China, and the Guangfu Army returned the following year.

North Korea's * * Production Party Armed Forces

From 1932, the guerrillas led by North Korean producer Kim Il Sung launched anti-Japanese guerrilla activities in northeast China. Kim Il Sung's anti-Japanese troops occupied Putianbao town in northern Korea in 1937 and were forced to withdraw from the Soviet Union in 194 1.

Modern Times

1945 Japan surrendered and was taken over by the Soviet Union and the United States respectively, bounded by 38 degrees north latitude. With the support of the United States and the Soviet Union, the Republic of Korea was established in August 1948 and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea was established in September 1948. 1On June 25th, 950, the Korean War broke out between the two sides, and China and the United States intervened respectively. 10, 19 In June, Chinese people's Volunteer Army crossed the Yalu River to resist US aggression and aid Korea. 1On July 27th, 953, with the temporary dividing line (the 38th parallel) as the boundary, the allied forces of China and North Korea signed an armistice agreement with the United Nations, and the United Nations appointed Switzerland and Sweden, permanent neutrals, to station troops in the same garrison area to monitor the military actions of the two countries on the border. 1October 26th, 1958, 10, Chinese people's Volunteer Army completely withdrew from the Korean peninsula. At present, some American troops are still stationed in South Korea.

culture

Korean culture is deeply influenced by China. /kloc-In the 3rd century, Koreans invented metal movable type printing on the basis of block printing in China. The first rain gauge in the world was invented in 144 1 year.

religion

In Korea, people believe in various religions. Among them, there are both the oldest and most primitive religions produced in North Korea and foreign religions.

Yellow Sect

Shamanism is the oldest and most primitive religion in Korea, which originated from people's worship of nature and ghosts and gods in primitive society. The ancestors of the Neolithic age in South Korea believed in animism and believed that everything in nature, such as mountains, rivers, celestial bodies, rocks and trees, had souls. And they think that human beings also have souls and will never die. They miss the good god will bring good luck, and the evil god will bring bad luck. Until now, shamanism is still the basic religion of Koreans, and some people still retain shamanism beliefs. For modern people, the exorcism in shamanism rituals has become a colorful part of modern art such as music, dance and drama.

Buddhism

Buddhism was introduced into the Korean peninsula from China in the 4th century. Buddhism, as a religious sect in Korean history, has exerted great influence on Korean politics, economy and culture. At present, there are 26 sects and more than 9,200 temples in Korea, 1, 1 10,000 followers, which is the religion with the largest number of followers.

Confucianism

Confucianism is an ethical and religious belief founded by Confucius in the 6th century BC. The basic ethical thoughts of Confucianism are benevolence, righteousness, courtesy and wisdom, and it is an ethical system of governing the country with the family.

Confucianism was introduced into the Korean peninsula at the beginning of AD. For thousands of years, Confucian ethics and philosophy of life have been influencing South Korea. Nowadays, Confucianism has penetrated and taken root in Korean society, especially in education and etiquette. At the same time, it has also played an important role in the process of economic development and social modernization in Korea.

It was occupied by Japan before World War II. Before that, it was the Korean Empire, and then the Korean Dynasty.

Republic of Korea (? ) is a country located at the southern tip of the Korean Peninsula in Northeast Asia. The southwest is close to the Yellow Sea, the southeast is the Korean Strait and Ma Haixia, and the east is surrounded by the East Sea of Korea (the Sea of Japan). North Korea faces the Democratic People's Republic of Korea across the demilitarized zone. Originally the same country as the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, after it broke away from Japanese colonial rule, the Republic of Korea was established on 1948 by Li Chengwan, former President of the National Assembly of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea, on an equal footing with the Democratic People's Republic of Korea.

The Republic of Korea is called Korea for short (? ), but in order to distinguish it from the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Koreans often refer to their country as South Korea (? ), and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea is called North Korea (? ); The people of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea used to call their country North Korea () and the Republic of Korea South Korea (). Before establishing diplomatic relations with South Korea, People's Republic of China (PRC) always called the Republic of Korea "South Korea". 1992 after the establishment of diplomatic relations between the two countries, it was renamed "Korea".

The word Korea has multiple meanings in Chinese. It is not only the abbreviation of People's Republic of China (PRC) for the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, but also a proper term related to history, geography, linguistics and anthropology. It is also the name of the whole Korean Peninsula including North Korea and South Korea.

The word "Korea" first appeared in China's ancient books, and Zhou Wuwang sealed Kiko in the land of North Korea in the Great Biography of Shangshu. There is also a record in Historical Records that Ji Zi moved eastward to Korea. North Korea's oldest history books, The History of the Three Kingdoms and The Heritage of the Three Kingdoms, also use ji zi Korea as the word "North Korea" as the beginning of the country name. However, from the Zhou Dynasty to the Han Dynasty, "Korea" only refers to the northern part of the Korean Peninsula, while the southern part of the Korean Peninsula is called three Koreas (namely, Chen Han, Mahan and Han Ji, see Shu Wei's "The Story of Dongyi"). In BC 194, Wei Yanman overthrew the quasi-king of ancient Korea, and the country name was still "Korea", which was called Wei Man Korea in history. In the second year of Yuanfeng in the Western Han Dynasty (BC 109), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty invaded Korea eastward and established four counties. From then on, the word "Han" disappeared from China's classics.

Since then, the Korean peninsula has experienced the Three Kingdoms period, the unified Silla period, the post-Three Kingdoms period and the Koryo period, and the country name has nothing to do with "Korea". In China's history books, it is also commensurate with the name of the Korean Peninsula, and it is not collectively called Korea. During the Koryo period, historical books were compiled, and Jizi Korea was revered as an ancestor. At the same time, Tan Jun and Korea were written into history books as a founding myth, and the word "Korea" appeared again in written historical materials.

1392, overthrew the king's Koryo and became king on his own. In a letter to Zhu Yuanzhang, the Ming emperor, he drew up two titles for him to choose for himself. The two country names are "Hening" and "Korea". Among them, Hening was the official residence of Li Zichun, the father of Li Chenggui, when he served as the hukou in North Korea, and North Korea is an ancient name, which means "bright morning". Zhu Yuanzhang thought that "the name of Dongyi is only called' Korea', and it is far away, so its real name can be ancestral", so the Lee regime took "Korea" as its country name. Since then, the word "Korea" has become the name of a country, a nation and a language.

During Lee's Korean period, most Koreans called themselves "Dongtu", "Dadong", "Haidong" and "Dong Bang". In addition, Korean literati also refer to North Korea as "earthquake zone", "park zone", "Castle Peak", "Chicken Forest", "Eighth Route" and "Three North Korea" in some works. As Korea is the first unified nation-state on the Korean peninsula, the formation of Korean nation and culture also began in this dynasty. Therefore, after the establishment of Lee's Korea, China and western countries continued to use "Korea" as another name for Korea.

1896, Emperor Gaozong of Korea declared Korea's independence and renamed it the Korean Empire. The word "Han" here comes from the ancient name "Three Han" in the southern part of the Korean Peninsula, and the word "Han" also means "big" or "first" in Korean. 19 10 After the merger of Korea and Japan, Japan resumed the name of "Korea" and established the Governor's Office of Korea. The Korean government in exile established in Shanghai calls itself the provisional government of the Republic of Korea. The name of "Republic of Korea" comes from "Korean Empire".

1945 After the recovery of the Korean Peninsula, the southern regime established in 1948 adopted the name of the Republic of Korea during the interim government. In the north, the regime of the * * * Production Party adopted the name of Korea in the Japanese occupation era and named the country the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. Since then, the political meaning of "North Korea" only refers to the northern part of the Korean Peninsula. Due to political reasons, People's Republic of China (PRC) adopted the appellation of North when determining the appellation of Korea, Korea and Korean Peninsula. Before the establishment of diplomatic relations with the Republic of Korea, it was generally called "Korea". After the establishment of diplomatic relations, it is simply called "Korea", and the corresponding names are sometimes used as Korean nation, Korean language and Korean peninsula.

References:

Wikipedia