Do Nordic people have tattoos? There are traces of ink on the rugged road.

Do Scandinavians have tattoos? Do they have runes on their arms when they sail along the fjord? Although the materials still don't provide many clues, there is a historical evidence that "yes"-at least for the Varangians, the Varangians used their trade goods on the Volga River.

They rarely publish their own literary works in Russia, Central Asia, even the Middle East and Northern Europe (or Vikings, starting from the ancient Vikings in Northern Europe), so we have to rely on outside opinions.

Many people come from politicians and chroniclers. They had extensive trade and cultural exchanges with Norwegians in the 9th century and10th century.

Due to the knowledge and economic strength of the Abbas caliph, the record of * * * language was the largest in the 9th-12nd century. At the invitation of Varanjian, Rurik and his brothers came to stara and Ladoga from Viktor Vasnetsov. A * * * traveler named Ahmed ibn fadlan, a Baghdad scholar, was sent by the caliph to Bulgaria in the middle of Russian Volga for diplomatic mission.

The first time he met Norwegian warriors was when they crossed the vast steppes of Russia. At that time, they sailed along the Volga River and wanted to trade with the world. They are the richest civilizations in western Eurasia.

Especially in the centuries after the disintegration of Europe, Europe has been trying to consolidate the Roman Empire.

In 92 1 year, he met a man named Ross-a Swedish businessman-who took slaves to the local market for sale. Nicholas Rorich is an "overseas guest".

Slavs in the series "The Beginning of Ross". "190 1 year.

(Public domain), ibn fadlan described Ross in his travel chronicle.

He called them Rousier, but now they are usually called Vikings.

He described them this way: once, he mentioned that all men had tattoos from their fingertips to their necks.

Tattoos are dark green trees and symbols.

However, it is likely that the tattoo is dark blue, which is made by dyeing the skin with wood ash, which is a modern explanation for tattooed vikings.

(trionis/Adobe Stock), although ibn fadlan described the tattoo as a tree, he could see the Rus trademark of a clenched beast or other knot patterns that pirates liked.

In his view, these rings are like women's gold necklaces and silver necklaces, but we can't completely believe what ibn fadlan said.

The description of tattoos is not so much a description of witnesses as a rhetorical device to describe Nordic barbarians.

* * * People find them scary and charming.

Ibn fadlan reserved his harshest words for their hygiene: "They are the dirtiest creatures created by God," he said. Although he admits that they wash their hands, faces and hair every day, he is shocked that they do it in the "dirtiest and dirtiest way" in public swimming pools.

This is an ancient Germanic custom, which has caused understandable disgust in * * *. They are usually baptized only in pouring water or tap water. As Ahmed ibn fadlan, a traveler of * * * *, described, when he visited the northeast of Europe in the 10 century, he buried a chief Ross by boat.

Henrik Simirazki (1883).

(Public domain), this is quite slight evidence, and it can be clearly said that Norwegians tattoo themselves.

The word "tattoo" in the original text is more used to describe the decoration of the temple of * * * than the actual tattoo-considering the similarity between the geometric pattern of the temple of * * and the ancient tattoos in northern Europe, northern Europe, northern Europe, northern Europe and northern Europe, this is an appropriate description.

Moreover, there is no mention of tattoos in any contemporary legends or poems. Although these literary works describe many other physical features, such as scars or hair color, human skin cannot survive hundreds of years of burial. Archaeology may provide better evidence for the tattoo problem in Norway than history.

For example, around 500 BC, a Skeeter chief was found and buried in Siberia.

He was buried below, and his skin and tattoos were preserved. Although Norwegian businessmen were discovered in today's Russia as early as 65,438+0,300 years ago, the Norwegians may have met the descendants of the Scythians in the trade mission of modern Russia and learned the art of tattooing from them. Siberian women, Siberian women, lived in the Eurasian steppe in the 5th century BC.

Pay attention to the tattoo on her arm.

(Public domain), if Nordic people do have tattoos, they will probably use Nordic patterns and symbols found in other works of art on bone carvings or jewelry.

This design has been popular to this day.

Many tattoo artists have painted runes and other Nordic tattoos on their clients. One of the most popular patterns is the symbolic compass tattoo named Vegvisir.

However, this symbol did not come from the Viking era.

A book on magic dating back to17th century in Iceland.

Nevertheless, this symbol has a wide connection with ancient Norwegians, and Virgis can be translated from Icelandic into "guider".

This symbol is a magical device used to help navigation.

As a protective symbol, Virgis is carved on ships at sea to ensure the safe return of the ships.

Virgis's symbolic compass is surrounded by runes.

(Bourbon Bourbon/Adobe), another popular Nordic tattoo design is the helmet of awe (or the helmet of terror), "Gith halm.

This symbol is thought to allow the wearer to strike his enemies with fear and confusion.

It is also believed that it can give the wearer magical power and protect people from any diseases.

The Viking logo shows eight barbed arms around a circle as if they were protecting it in all directions.

It is reported that a soldier wore an awesome helmet to arouse the fear of the enemy.

In the poetic Eda, fafnir, the transfiguration dragon, implies that he got the invincible symbol tattoo of Guichar Moore from the awe-inspiring helmet.

(Kenn Wilson/CC BY NC 2。

0), above: The modern performance of a pirate with tattoos.

(Fotokvadrat/Adobe Stock), written by Scott Rank, this article is a summary of the article Pirate Tattoos: History or Not? Scott Rank is the editor of online history. His articles ranged from ancient near eastern civilization to global wars in the 20th century.

He also hosted the podcast "Unplugged History", talking with the book author about the Mongolian invasion, Hitler's mysterious practices and the best speech of the American president when he was drunk.

, Rym Ghazal, When * * * People Meet the Vikings: New Discoveries Show Ancient Connections, 2065438+May 6, 2005, Judith Gabriel, In Norwegian Tribes: ibn fadlan's Extraordinary Records, Saudi Aramco1999/KLOC-0 /65438+/. James montgomery, ibn fadlan and Rousier, Journal of * * * and * * * Research 3 (2000): 1-25, The Princess of Siberia revealed her tattoo 2500 years ago, Siberian Times, 20 12, August1.

He also holds a doctorate in Middle East history and has written several books (Lost Civilization and Reading Mor).