What are the outstanding characteristics of Shiyan local culture?

First, the composition of cultural resources in Shiyan area

(1) Shiyan area is rich in ancient cultural remains. Archaeologists have excavated the Meipu ape-man site in Yunxian county about 700,000-800,000 years ago, the Bailongdong ape-man site in Yunxi about 500,000 years ago and the Yunxian ape-man site about 6,543.8+0,000 years ago. Especially in the "Yunxian people" site, two complete ancient human skull fossils were found. This proves that Shiyan area in the middle and upper reaches of Hanshui River is one of the birthplaces of human beings. Among the Paleolithic cultural sites, the most noteworthy is the Hongping rhinoceros cave site in Shennongjia. Its excavation provides a good prospect for paleolithic archaeology in high-altitude mountainous areas, and provides valuable new materials for in-depth study of paleolithic cultural types in southern China. The Neolithic cultural remains in Shiyan area are also very rich, mainly distributed in the river valleys on both sides of the Han River and its tributaries, the most important of which is the remains of Qilihe River in Fangxian County.

(2) The most basic and primitive component of Shiyan culture is Shennong culture. Shennongjia is more than 3 100 meters above sea level and is called "the roof of Central China". According to legend, Emperor Yan Shennong created farming civilization and medical civilization in Shiyan. The important value component of Shennong culture is herbal civilization. The herbal culture here is extensive and profound. Fangxian was once a place of Chu in history, but the witchcraft prevailing in Chu was not prevalent here. Most patients believe in grass rather than witchcraft. Herbal medicine has changed people's ideas and beliefs, which is an important value component of Shennong culture.

(3) The cultural heritage of Shiyan area is Chu culture. There are various cultures in Shiyan area, including Qin culture, Chu culture, Ba culture, Yangtze culture, Hanshui culture and Bashan culture, but the most basic cultural background is Chu culture. "Nine Songs of Chu" originated from folk songs and dances offering sacrifices to gods in Chu. The master of Chu Ci is Qu Yuan. It is said that Shiyan is one of the sources of Qu Yuan's creation of "Sao Style" of Chu Ci. Chu people respect the phoenix, which symbolizes nobility, holiness and good luck. It is a totem that Chu people worship and admire. Chu Great Wall is the earliest inner Great Wall in China. Its center is located in Zhuxi County and Zhushan County of Shiyan, with a total length of 180 km. This is a precious cultural heritage left by ancient ancestors to the Chinese nation, which is of great value to our study of the origin of the Great Wall, Chu culture and ancient wars.

(4) Wudang culture is the most famous in Shiyan area. As far as connotation is concerned, Wudang culture should be defined as the sum total of material culture and spiritual culture based on China traditional culture, with Taoist spirit as the core, Wudang Mountain area as the center and under the influence of surrounding culture. The internal motivation and ideological basis of Wudang culture are: Taoism is natural and quiet; Maintain the harmony between man and nature; Pay attention to people and life, be sincere and kind; These constitute the spiritual essence and typical characteristics of Wudang culture.

(5) The most distinctive feature of Shiyan area is immigrant culture. Shiyan area is a famous immigrant area in history. From the pre-Qin period to the present, there have been five waves of immigration. Shiyan Fangling (Fangxian), Shang Yong (Zhushan) and other places, with high mountains and wide seas, vast land and few people, have been the exile places of deposed emperors and generals since ancient times. In the long river of history, as many as fifteen princes were exiled to Fangling by historians. The most representative is Tang Zhongzong Li Xian, who was exiled to Fangxian 14. The exile of the imperial clan demoted officials not only brought the upper-class culture such as court etiquette and food customs, but also greatly promoted the development of Shiyan local culture. The phenomenon of cultural implantation that deserves special attention is Wudang Mountain Complex. From the 9th to 22nd year of Yongle in the early Ming Dynasty (A.D.141-1424), Ming Chengzu mobilized more than 200,000 military and civilian craftsmen to overhaul Wudang Mountain, and diversified immigrant cultures and customs interacted and accumulated rich Wudang cultural resources. Immigration has changed the temporal and spatial distribution of culture. It is in the process of selection, transformation, absorption and integration of foreign cultures that the local culture of Shiyan gradually formed regional cultural characteristics and accumulated rich and profound cultural resources.

(6) Shiyan area has rich and colorful, simple and naive folk culture. Since ancient times, agricultural and sideline products and handicrafts in Qinba Mountain area have been distributed here, and Bashu Qin Chu culture has also been exchanged and accumulated here. The folk stories, folk songs, paper-cutting, embroidery and other folk handicrafts here are intoxicating, with strong local characteristics, showing the beautiful picture of simple and naive folk culture in Shiyan area. Wujiagou Village, located on the bank of the Han River, is rich in folk culture, which makes the folk literature show the characteristics of simplicity, authenticity, naivety and primitiveness. Folk culture is the product of people's survival and spiritual needs. Social life customs in northwest Hubei have their own characteristics, and folk literature and art and local operas are colorful, which contain the spiritual connotation of people-oriented ideological and moral values, the ecological view of harmony between man and nature, and the ideal of harmonious and complete life.

Second, the characteristics of cultural resources in Shiyan area

(A) Shiyan cultural resources keep pace with the times. The sense of the times is a distinctive feature of Shiyan regional culture. It condenses every process of China's history and culture's emergence, continuation, inheritance and development in the changing times. The discovery of ancient human fossils in Yunxi and Yunxian three times, especially the two human skull fossils unearthed in Quyuan estuary of Yunxian county, which are 65.438+0 million years ago, provide an important basis for us to explore the origin and evolution of human beings. Archaeological discoveries in Paleolithic Age, Neolithic Age and ancient cultural sites have made us feel the long and ancient cultural history in northwest Hubei. According to the legend of Emperor Yan of Shennong, in the Zhou Dynasty, the "Eight Clans in the Western Regions" headed by Shang Yong, the Chu people's implantation of Jingchu culture, the prosperity of Wudang Taoist culture in the Ming Dynasty, the development of modern Shiyan and the rise of Checheng can all grasp the historical development process and cultural inheritance of China from the cultural context.

(B) Shiyan cultural resources have distinct regional characteristics. The so-called regional characteristics mean that although northwest Hubei is far away from the political, economic and cultural center of China, due to the special geographical location, environment and cultural atmosphere formed in different times, it is bound to form a special regional cultural phenomenon. The mountainous areas in northwest Hubei belong to three systems: the remnant veins in eastern Qinling extend to the north of the region, Wudang Mountain is distributed in the middle, belonging to the northern branch of the extended veins of Daba Mountain, and the southern part is the middle-high mountain landform represented by Shennongjia. In this terrain surrounded by mountains on three sides, the Hanshui River crosses the northwest of Hubei from west to east, and the valley plains formed by many rivers such as blocking rivers in the territory extend from west to east along the banks of the Hanshui River, and finally merge with the plains of Hubei and Henan provinces in the northeast, thus forming a certain degree of openness in the closed environment surrounded by mountains on three sides. Because it is located in the edge of Hubei, Henan, Shaanxi and Chongqing, various styles and cultural factors gather here, and gradually form diversified local cultural characteristics in the process of continuous localization. While accepting and absorbing foreign cultures, the closed geographical environment has played a positive role in the preservation and continuation of existing cultures. The unique Wudang Taoist culture in northwest Hubei, the Dark Biography, which was discovered in Shennongjia in 1980s and was called "the epic of the creation of the Han nationality" by academic circles, Wujiagou Folk Story Village, Wudang Lujiahe Folk Song Village and their accompanying folk activities reflecting local traditional characteristics all fully illustrate this point.

(C) Shiyan cultural resources have distinct diversity. This is a rare phenomenon in many local cultures and regional cultures. Shiyan is located at the junction of Hubei, Henan, Shaanxi and Chongqing provinces, where East, West, North and South cultures meet. Neolithic cultural sites belong to Yangshao culture in the north, Qujialing culture in the south and Shijiahe culture respectively. Shiyan area is an important immigrant area in history. From the Qin and Han Dynasties to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, due to the long history of immigrants, diverse sources and rich foreign cultures, the cultural diversity of Shiyan area was formed by taking immigrants as the carrier and blending with local cultures.

(4) The cultural resources in Shiyan area are inclusive. Following the historical origin and development of Shiyan culture, we can feel its openness, compatibility and broadness. With all kinds of immigrants, the culture in Shiyan area presents a pattern of frequent occurrence, coexistence and multi-dimensional development. Various cultures blend with each other, influence each other and live in harmony, forming the driving force for cultural innovation and development. Special mention should be made to Wudang Taoist culture, which has always had an open and inclusive spirit. It not only absorbed the philosophy of Laozi and Zhuangzi, Taoism in Qin and Han Dynasties, Confucianism and the theory of yin and yang and five elements, as well as the immortal belief and alchemy, ancient medicine and physical health knowledge before the Eastern Han Dynasty, but also absorbed and retained many factors of Jingchu witchcraft culture. At the same time, it does not exclude other religions, such as Buddhism, and has the characteristics of the integration of Taoism and Taoism in China. The operas and folk songs in Shiyan area are adopted in the east, west, south and north, blending with each other, and various styles and tunes complement each other. Shiyan, a modern automobile city, is another multicultural integration brought about by the migration of hundreds of thousands of construction troops.

(5) The cultural resources in Shiyan area are extremely rich and precious. In the culture of Shiyan area, there are skull fossils of Yunxian people 6.5438+0 million years ago, a large number of Neolithic cultural sites, dark legends, genius masterpieces representing human creativity, ancient buildings in Wudang Mountain, Wujiagou folk story village and Han nationality.

Third, the value of Shiyan cultural resources

(1) The cultural resources in Shiyan area have great spiritual value. Giving full play to the value of cultural resources is of great significance for carrying forward the national spirit. Every country and nation has its own cultural tradition. Cultural heritage embodies the long-term psychological structure, ideology, mode of production and customs of each country and nation, and is the deep soil and realistic foundation for the existence of national spirit. National spirit is the core and soul of national culture, which determines the way of thinking, behavior choice and value judgment of most people in the nation. Therefore, the national spirit can deepen people's understanding of life, encourage people's creative pursuit of life, cultivate people's lofty life consciousness and will to forge ahead, and make the whole nation realize rapid economic development and spiritual improvement at the same time. The cultural resources containing national spirit are the profound cultural foundation of our nation, which is of inestimable value to the construction of advanced socialist culture. As far as regional culture is concerned, cultural resources carry people's rich feelings for their hometown and hometown. Cherishing this cultural resource can stimulate people's great enthusiasm for patriotism and hometown, thus generating inexhaustible motive force for building the motherland and hometown.

(2) The cultural resources in Shiyan area have unique historical value. The cultural resources in Shiyan area are rich and precious. It is gradually formed in the long historical development process, with its own evolution and inheritance process, which embodies our ancestors' understanding and practical experience of the essential laws of things. It is a cultural treasure house with great historical value, and many of its components are the core and essence of traditional mainstream culture in China. It provides infinitely rich inspiration resources for cultural creation. Its essence is our ancestors' concern and eternal expectation for people, life, society and nature, and it is a flexible cultural consciousness. Paying attention to its historical and cultural spirit and calling for cultural consciousness are of great value and special significance for upholding Scientific Outlook on Development and building a harmonious society.

(3) The cultural resources in Shiyan area have great cultural value. The cultural resources in Shiyan area are rich and agile, which provides genes and motivation for cultural inheritance and innovation. Find the root of spiritual civilization from precious cultural resources, understand its cultural value, find the inspiration and source of cultural inheritance and innovation from cultural resources, and provide impetus and support for the prosperity and development of culture.

(D) Shiyan cultural resources have important economic and social value. The high-grade, high-intensity and precious cultural resources in Shiyan area provide support and foundation for the economic, cultural and social development of this area. On the one hand, through the excavation and arrangement of cultural resources, we will actively promote the development of regional culture, so that on the basis of diversified and multi-level development, it will not only blossom, but also integrate into the mainstream culture, giving full play to the guiding, inspiring and standardizing functions of culture. On the other hand, cultural resources have very important economic value. While developing regional culture, it is an important way to promote the economic and social development of this region by excavating and sorting out the cultural resources in this region, setting up cultural industries, building cultural brands and promoting the development of tourism. For example, the world cultural heritage-Wudang Mountain ancient buildings and Shennongjia virgin forest are all important destinations for modern tourists. Studying the connotation of its cultural resources will provide strong theoretical support for promoting Shiyan's regional cultural status, promoting the development of tourism economy, expanding its influence at home and abroad, and making contributions to Shiyan's economic and cultural construction.