About introducing African percussion

Introduction to African percussion instruments

Characteristics of African musical instruments

There are all kinds of musical instruments in Africa, because African music is used as a medium for sacrificial ceremonies or ancestral gods. Witches pay attention to rhythm percussion instruments, percussion instruments pay attention to drums. Sacrifice teachers are sometimes drummers and African drums, which have a godlike lofty position among Africans. Detailed stringed instruments usually appear in vocal music, storytelling and other entertainment activities, but string and drum ensemble is not common, which is the characteristic of East, West, China and South Africa music.

There are many kinds of materials for making drums in Africa, such as hollow logs, big gourds, clay containers and so on. Drum is the most popular musical instrument in Africa. The same type of drums appear in different areas, and different types of drums also appear in the same area. In addition to the common golden cup drum, it looks like a magic single-sided drum that leaks sand regularly, called a talking drum. Tapered drum. Foot drum, there are palm drum and hand drum. Large-scale performances can be placed on the ground, hung on the shoulders and squeezed under the arms. There are single-sided drums or double-sided drums, usually made of goatskin. Some drumsticks are nailed, but most of them are fixed with nylon ropes, which is convenient for tuning.

Drums can best express African music full of rhythm and vitality, and wizards use the activities of drum music incantation ceremony to gain supernatural power. Therefore, drums, drummers and witchcraft are full of taboos, such as the taboo that women are not allowed to play musical instruments, which can be felt in mysterious witchcraft ceremonies. Drummers of royalty or witchcraft need to pass layers of tests to be competent. Therefore, the training of drummers is very strict. Relative drums and drummers have a special position in Africa. African drums are not only witchcraft, ritual and entertainment, but also an important means of life information. Drummers who have been trained to speak drums can imitate any language. /kloc-in the 0/7th century, Portugal treated blacks as slaves all over Africa. The talking drum is an important warning weapon, and it is also used to announce disasters, villages and villages.

Music is the best way to explore African culture, and drums are the most important window. To understand the essence of African culture, we must understand drums in a broader cultural scope. African countries in West Africa include Mali, Nigeria, Cameroon, Niger, Guinea, Equatorial Guinea, Togo, Sierra Leone, Guinea-Bissau, Gambia, Mauritania, Namibia, C? te d 'Ivoire and Ghana. The music level in West Africa is generally higher than that in East Africa and South Africa.

The most important drum in West Africa is Jinbei Drum, whose sound source comes from French. The local Turks call it Jem-bay. The reason why it is French is related to the fact that Senegal and West Africa were both French at that time! The golden cup drum shaped like a magic drum is not only the assets of West African tribes such as Senegal, Mali and Guinea. It is also an important cultural and historical asset of all African countries. The cultural circle of Jinbei Drum can be traced back to the Mali Dynasty in12nd century. The territory of the dynasty at that time, including today's coastal countries in West Africa, belonged to it! Mandinka in southern Mali can be said to be the hometown of golden cups and drums. Due to the continuous wars among tribes, by the13rd century, the golden cup and drum spread through wars, and were popular in West Africa, Senegal, C? te d 'Ivoire, Burkina Faso and other places, invincible. Although different tribes or countries in Africa have their own characteristics in appearance or technology, their structures are similar. Volov, Mnanica, Bamana or Bamako are the best golden cup drums in Senegal, which are integrally formed and cut the most solid logs in Africa (Lunk or Dugula). Goats in Mali are the best skins for making golden cups and drums, because the climate in Mali is the most suitable for goats to grow, and goats. Therefore, the drums made in Mali are most loved by western drummers, and the master of Mali who made this kind of golden cup drum has also become a hot and respected master.

The performance of Jinbei Drum in Africa is not only for entertainment, drumming and telling stories, tribal celebrations, Christian baptism, full moon, spring, summer, autumn and winter, four seasons celebrations, wedding banquets, baptism, fasting for model mothers and Muslims, but also for playing Jinbei Drum and dancing African dances to help entertainment, cure diseases and eliminate evil spirits. In Volov, Senegal, there are also drums tied to the waist, which can be played with one hand and interacted with the audience. During the celebration, there are many kinds of encouraging rhythms and dance steps, among which the local Turks call it Saba dance, which is the most distinctive, usually danced by married women, and is characterized by female dancers struggling with the rhythm of drums.

The tension of the Jinbei drum is bursting, and the perfect Jinbei drummer can beat the Jinbei drum like two drums, which is amazing in the dialogue between the two drums.

In addition to drum instruments, stringed instruments are also very popular in West Africa due to the love of court music and il trovatore, such as guzheng in Mali and Guinea, musical bows in Benin, Ghana and Nigeria, Bow Lutes and Harp Lutes, Riti and Rebec from Arabia, etc. Common percussion instruments are ........... and so on.

Drums in Nigeria are made of hollow logs and vary in size. The most unique thing is that there are exquisite carvings on the drum stand, which have become collectors' favorite. The countries in Central Africa include Central Africa, Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Angola, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Congo and other places, and their music styles are similar.

Its musical instrument is like this: there are many styles of flutes in Central Africa, one of which is called Hindef, and many flutes are tied together by several flutes. Flute is made of different materials, such as bamboo, reed, wood and clay. String instruments include the lute, bow, guzheng and lyra of Danxian, and lyra is a kind of harp. It's hand-made, and there's a * * * box. In addition to the * * * blare box, African strings are also very popular as * * * blare. Other percussion instruments include xylophone, shaq (empty shells and dried seeds), bell ringing (tied to hands, feet or neck) and so on. ) and metal and shell-shaped hand waving, strange and creative. In addition to the Golden Cup Drum, all kinds of drums in China and Africa are double-sided drums and single-sided drums, which are full of charm because of insufficient manpower or drums. East African countries include Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Malawi, Rwanda, Burundi and Somalia. The musical forms in East Africa are not much different from those in West Africa and Central Africa. They can only sing and dance, clap their hands instead of drums, and shout for entertainment. Musical instruments are similar, and some have different names, such as Lyra Harp, Obukano in East Africa, Bow Harp, and Bow Harp in this area. The strings vary greatly, ranging from 5 to 8. Malawi's Mbira refers to Qin Mu, which is called a hand-held piano with 7-30 keys built in. It plays the piano by hand, which is beautiful and beautiful, and can be called the national skill of the country. There is a round sacred drum in Burundi, which is used to beat drums by hand. Only when the king is crowned is it a very shocking performance. Chorus songs are also interspersed in the performance. South Africa. In addition to the well-known five South African countries, Swaziland, Namibia, Lesotho and Botswana. The music, dance, ritual style and the use of musical instruments in this area are not much different from those in East Africa, Central Africa and West Africa. Musical instruments were slightly influenced by materials and immigrants from India, Portugal, the Netherlands and Britain in the16th century, such as miners' music in South Africa. Cora, one of the most traditional musical instruments in this area, is a two-ball-sized buzzer, which is placed in front of the abdomen and played by hand. It is a court musical instrument in ancient Africa, and the performer is also a singer. The singer not only performed in the royal family, but also went to various villages to sing, just like il trovatore in Europe. The sound of the piano is beautiful, the singing is pure and rich, and it has a unique flavor, which is quite different from the form of drumming and shouting. African stiletto drum (talking drum), the main musical instrument in sub-Saharan Africa, is also called talking drum. Looks like a glass sand leak timer. The upper and lower peripheries of the double-headed drum are pulled with ropes. When playing drums, the drums are clamped under the armpits and squeezed at the same time. Playing drums with a special wooden stick can make strange drums sound like talking. It is said that hundreds of years ago, white people came to arrest and sell black people, and village musicians used it to speak. African shake pots are made of natural shells, such as gourd or coconut shells, which are hollowed out and then dried seeds are put in. When you shake your hand, it will make a rustling sound, so it is also called saring. There are also smaller ones, such as the size of a tribute ball, and then five bamboo sticks are strung in a string, which the author jokingly calls a tribute ball. Wumkola, Horn of Ivory Coast, Huo Xiaoqin, Ma Bilat, Ngoni, West African Lute, Niuling, Xie Kelei, Kitieo Drun of Ghana, Magic Single and Double-sided Drum of Mali, Drum with Stick of Djun Djun Ashiko, Slit Drum of Kalengo. The drum body is made of trunk, and the middle is hollowed out. Drums are drummed with sticks and hit at different positions to produce different drums. African Tree Drum is a drum made of hollowed-out trees, also known as (jungle drum. Log drums or wooden gongs are used to imitate wooden drums. Djembe rain stick/rattle stick is made of pine. The seeds are placed in the air and slide up and down to produce the following rain sound effect. They are used in dance and wizard practice, and have auspicious patterns and the appearance of painting or woodcut. Besides Africa, South America also has similar musical instruments. Body musical instruments: Sasha Vujacic, wooden drum, friction drum, xylophone, castanet. Membrane musical instruments: Uganda Tuo leather drum, sand timing drum, ceramic drum, barrel wooden drum, long drum and round hand.