What are the long histories of people named Cai?

Cai Yong: Chen (now south of Qixian County, Henan Province) was a famous writer and calligrapher in the Eastern Han Dynasty. He is well-read, versatile, good at prose, poetry and prose, and also an official calligrapher. He once wrote a book "Flying White" and is good at painting. He is one of the four great painters in the Eastern Han Dynasty.

Cai Lun, a eunuch from Guiyang (now Chenzhou, Hunan) in the Eastern Han Dynasty, improved papermaking. He summed up the experience of making paper with butyl fiber since the Western Han Dynasty, and created a method of making paper with bark, hemp head, cloth and fishing net. It's called Cai Houzhi. Later, he was passed down as the inventor of papermaking in China.

Cai Xiang: A native of Xianyou (now Xinghua, Fujian), an outstanding calligrapher in the Northern Song Dynasty, good at calligraphy and painting, and one of the "Song Sijia". He is the author of "Tea Story" and "Litchi Spectrum".

Cai E: A native of Shaoyang, Hunan Province, he was smart and eager to learn, determined to devote himself to the national cause of our country, actively participated in the democratic revolutionary movement in his early years, opposed feudal autocracy, and devoted his life to the cause of our country.

Cai Chang: A native of Shuangfeng, Hunan Province, a famous female revolutionary in China and party member, took an active part in the movement of saving the nation through democracy in her early years. She was once the chairman of the All-China Women's Federation, a member of the Central Committee and a vice-chairman of the National People's Congress.

Cai Wenji: The famous Yan, Wen Xi, was born in 1886, the daughter of Cai Yong. She was a famous poetess in the Eastern Han Dynasty. She is born beautiful and knowledgeable, and is known as a "talented woman". The story of his entry into Hu is well known, especially his work "Eighteen Beats of Hu Che".

Cai, a native of Jianyang, Fujian, was a famous philosopher in the Southern Song Dynasty. He studied Confucius and Mencius and "Two Cheng" Neo-Confucianism since childhood. He is knowledgeable and open-minded, and has made great achievements in Neo-Confucianism, Yi-ology and temperament. His works Dayan, Huangshi and Batuzhen have been handed down from generation to generation.

Cai Yuanpei, a native of Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, participated in the democratic revolutionary movement in his early years, actively advocated educating people through science and education, implemented the advanced school-running policy, and advocated democratic science. Former President of Peking University, President of Academia Sinica and Minister of Justice.

Cai Hesen, a native of Shuangfeng, Hunan Province, was one of the early outstanding leaders of China * * * Production Party. He actively advocated and participated in the revolutionary movement in his early years and held an important position in our party. Later, he died heroically because he was betrayed by traitors.

Cai Tingkai: A native of Longyan Township, Luoding County, Guangdong Province, is a famous patriotic general. He joined the army in his early years and took an active part in the revolutionary struggle. He bravely resisted the Japanese attack in the "December 8th Incident" that shocked China and foreign countries, which gave him a heavy blow and wrote a glorious chapter in the history of China people's War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression.

Cai Xiyong: Westernization School in Late Qing Dynasty. He was ordered by Zhang Zhidong to establish Hubei artillery factory, weaving layout and Maanshan coal mine bureau. He is proficient in shorthand and uses shorthand for translation. He is the founder of shorthand in China.

The in-depth study of Cai surname culture has broad prospects.

Since the Chinese nation has written records, the study of surname culture has been a hot topic. When did surnames originate? It may have existed in matriarchal society. Moreover, with the reproduction and continuous enrichment and development of human race, melons are endless and rivers are endless, which has been passed down from generation to generation. Why does the Chinese nation attach so much importance to surname culture? Ban Gu answered in White Tiger Yi Tong. He said, "Why do people have surnames? So love respect, be kind, be far away from livestock, and never get married. So the world is different, so that life loves each other and death is sad. It is important that people with the same surname cannot get married. " Ban Gu's words can be summarized in three aspects: (1) The surname is "dedicated to chronicles". (2) Surname is the development of surnames. In the Zhou dynasty, surnames were often used to commend meritorious deeds and show people. "Son of heaven, Jiande, born in surname, born in the ground. Warlords take the word stone (surname) because they think it is a family; An official who has rendered meritorious service is a butler; The same is true for cities. " (3) The role of surnames: First, "other marriages"; The second is "respecting love and dating"; The third is to distinguish between family, industry and status. It can be seen that the surname culture is not only rich and colorful, but also profound.

The Chua family in China is an important branch of the Zhou family, the main source of the Chinese nation, and one of the earliest surnames in China. The ethnic group with "Cai" as its totem in primitive society, after entering the developed slave society, established a country with Cai clan as its main body by means of "sealing the country" and "taking food from the world". Ancient books recorded two surnames, Ji and Wa, both descendants of the Yellow Emperor. Although there are no rumors about Cai's surname at present, there are records in historical materials that the descendants of Cai's surname are Ji's surname, which opened the family line of later generations. According to Records of the Historian and Cai's Genealogy, Li Cai, the twenty-eighth grandson of the Yellow Emperor and the fifth son of Wang Jichang, was called Cai Shu. Cai Shu was martyred and named his son Zhong Jian as a vassal after he became king. It was passed down for twenty-five years, but it was destroyed by Chu in the Spring and Autumn Period. After Cai's subjugation, during the long years, Cai's family experienced continuous migration, integration and development, but gradually formed a prominent family with distinctive features, stable ethnic groups, charming style and unique customs in the Chinese nation. Since faltering was named after Cai clan in ancient times, the research on its founder has always been controversial. And interpret it as "Cai" taking the country name as the surname; Take the plant Cai Cao as the surname; Different views on taking the tortoise as the surname.

In addition, from the perspective of ancient books and archaeological data, the research on Cai's culture includes the origin, spread, evolution, ethnic integration, human history, family customs, biographies, ancient books research, family literature and art, architectural art, environmental protection and family spirit. The broad spirit of harmony, including great unity and unity, is a microcosm and an important part of Chinese national culture. It is of great historical and practical significance to study Cai culture. In recent years, Chinese people at home and abroad are enthusiastic about the study of surname culture, which has led to other work and brought the spring of surname culture research.

Cai's cultural connotation is rich, involving both at home and abroad.

Cai's cultural connotation is rich and profound. After Cai's subjugation, many surnames related to Cai were derived. In addition to the Cai family, there are many branches, mainly Cai, Qiushi Cai, Guisheng,,, Chaoshi, Naishi and so on. In addition, these surnames will also be merged, such as Cai and Cai Qiu, and later evolved and merged into Cai's. Therefore, at present, the mainstream of the Chua family is descendants, which is produced by the fusion of the surnames of descendants and has its own diversity. According to Yuan He Shi Bian, Cai came from Ji, and the second monarch of Cai in the Western Zhou Dynasty was Hu, followed by Cai. During the Warring States Period, Cai Zhongqi, the general of Zhao State, was a descendant of Cai Zhong. And Cai Qiugu, also from her family name is Cai Guo. Cai is recorded in Surname First Aid. Cai Qiu's poems were later combined with Cai's poems. Therefore, Cai's own interpretation of pluralism is unitary and pluralism is unified.

In the process of spreading Tibet, Cai continued to carry out ethnic integration, resulting in different religious numbers and schools; Different cultural customs have appeared in different regions. Cai Jia was born in the Central Plains, and there is the greatest difference between Cai and his descendants in Jiyang. After Cai's subjugation, Cai people marched to the southwest and merged with local ethnic minorities to form ethnic minorities such as Cai. Cai, who stayed in the Central Plains, revived in Chenliu and grew up in Jiangnan. Finally, the "Jiyang Cai family" centered on southeast areas such as Fujian, Zhejiang and Guangdong was formed, and she was the largest of the Cai family. The Cai family in Jiyang is a big family. In history, the population is prosperous and celebrities come forth in large numbers. "Jiyang Cai's Family" became the general name of the Cai's family in China, indicating that the family came from Jiyang County. Cai's descendants moved to Hakka areas, forming a Cai family with Hakka characteristics. Hakka family is still an inseparable part of Han nationality. Because of their natural and social conditions, they have their own unique external forms. They moved to Hakka mountainous areas, bringing the Central Plains culture and influencing the economy, culture and customs of Hakka people. In * * * struggle for existence, it gradually merged with Chinese culture, forming Hakka * * * isomorphism. This * * * identical body is called Hakka. Cai's family merged into Hakka, forming Cai's Hakka family group. The overseas Chinese ethnic group of the Chua family is an important part of the Chua family in China. According to the incomplete statistics of relevant units, at present, among the Chinese in the world, the Chua family is spread all over 130 countries and regions, mainly in Southeast Asia, North America, Europe, Australia and other places. Chua's Chinese, who are distributed all over the world, have a prominent feature, that is, they keep in mind their roots, their status as Chinese Chua's members, and strive to revitalize their homeland in various ways. They have a strong "fundamental consciousness". China Chua's overseas residence has a long history. When they immigrated for the first time, they either took their families or didn't. Therefore, some of their local descendants have merged into the local ethnic groups, resulting in a new China Chua family, but their China Chua lineage will not change. They are new members of the Chua family in China. The Chua family has created a splendid history and culture.

Like other surnames, Chua's surnames are not related by blood, and different surnames are homologous. Strictly speaking, there is a difference between the same surname and different surnames, which is also the difference between words or bloodlines. It can be said that the key problem that must be touched in tracing the source is that it has become common sense to identify by blood. There are other records in Cai's genealogy, such as Cai Tongzu, Cai Ke Tongzu, New Tongzu, Cai Wuweng Tongzu and Cai Wuweng Tongzu, which need to be discussed. It is also a complex historical phenomenon, just like the same surname from different sources. There is a kind of Cai family whose children have changed because of refuge, defection, adoption and adoption. When they got through the difficulties, the descendants became a member of the Chua family, adding a lot of fresh blood to the Chua family. No matter the same surname, different origins or the same surname, it embodies the great integration and unity of the Chinese nation.

Cai is one of the oldest surnames of the Chinese nation. In the long history, their outstanding representatives have emerged continuously. Besides Cai Guohou in the pre-Qin period, there are also Cai Jiuju, Cai Yan, Cai Chao and Cai Mohang circulating in Zuo Zhuan. Twenty-five History records the biographies of Cai celebrities 1 12, ranking in the top 50. The Collection of Chua's in Ming Lun Zong Dian, edited by Chen Menglei in Qing Dynasty, * * included 15 1 Chua's celebrities. The dictionary of names of the Republic of China records 192 people. My China Chua's was selected, verified and collected by more than 260 ancient celebrities, 70 modern celebrities, 47 overseas celebrities and more than 380 people from numerous Chua's genealogies and biographies. Among them are famous thinkers, philosophers, politicians, scientists, educators, writers, artists and military strategists. They are all outstanding figures in the history of the Chinese nation and immortal heroes who created the splendid civilization of China. Many characters in Cai's history have changed, but there are still many models worth learning from, and there are also many experiences and lessons worth learning from. In addition, Cai's surname also has many human history, classical monuments, culture and art, and environmental protection, all of which are treasures of Chinese culture.

Research on Cai surname culture and strengthening the cohesion of Chinese nation

According to incomplete statistics, the population of Chua's family exceeds 7 million. Chua's population is 5.52 million, and China ranks 44th, accounting for 0.46% of the national population. The Chua family in China has a long history and a tortuous development process. Its population distribution is not only broad, ranking ninth in Taiwan Province Province, but also widely distributed among all ethnic groups. Cai's family is not only a big family in the Han nationality, but also Hui, Manchu, Tibetan, Korean, Dai, Yi, Zhuang, Qiang, Buyi, Tujia, Xibo, Yi, Kirgiz and so on. Cai family is a noble family of the Chinese nation. They are an excellent local family with a long history of talents. The multi-source and multi-nationality of Cai family determines the significance of national cohesion in Cai culture research.

Cai's family inherited the traditional virtues of the Chinese nation, mainly the excellent cultural traditions of the Han nationality, took Chinese characters as the main carrier, absorbed the essence of the material culture and spiritual culture of the Han culture, integrated the thoughts of Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism, and absorbed the excellent cultures of other nationalities at the same time, forming a harmonious and unified overall cultural precipitation in family psychology, coupled with the psychological brand of patriarchal clan consciousness, thus forming the main psychological and cultural quality of the Cai's family. Therefore, the psychological and cultural quality of the Cai family pays special attention to the "heaven" of "harmony between man and nature", the unified national view of "harmony between the government and the people" and the family view of "harmony between home and everything", emphasizing the connection and harmony between home and country. First, loyalty to the monarch, patriotism and benefiting the people are the basis of national morality. Highlighting Confucius' concept of benevolence, righteousness and courtesy is the condensation of filial piety, filial piety, loyalty, forgiveness, knowledge, wisdom, courage, courtesy, respect, tolerance, faith, sensitivity and benefit in ethics and morality, and is the embodiment of humanistic thought. Second, take Confucian education and research as the inheritance of family studies; Almost all Chua's genealogy has Confucianism as the inheritance of Chua's family. It is expressly stipulated that "get married and work hard". Cai family in Jianyang, Fujian is a neo-Confucianism family with four generations and nine Confucianism. Regard Neo-Confucianism as the "family foundation" of the Chua family. Third, pay attention to education and Chongwen art as the cultivation of quality. Cai's family attaches great importance to education, literature and art. Ancestral temples and genealogy publicize Cai's famous people such as piano, chess, poems, books and paintings, which is the embodiment of Chinese culture and civilization in Cai's family. Fourth, the indomitable family character; This is the Cai family from the day of its birth, in a troubled historical environment. No matter how difficult the environment and conditions are, we can persevere and never waver, thus showing an extraordinary spirit of struggle, gaining new life in the fire, overcoming the crisis and rising again, closely maintaining the blood of the Chinese nation and keeping up with the pace of development. 5. Harmonious and unified national mentality. Sixth, take "benevolence, righteousness, wisdom, courtesy and faith" as the basic code of conduct. Seven, the legacy of non-religious and primitive religious beliefs. Cai family pays attention to humanistic spirit and humanistic spirit. It is not that God dominates everything, but that Confucianism is the mainstream and advocates active accession to the WTO. Therefore, we will not worship God all day, and over time, our religious consciousness will be weak. As an immigrant from the Central Plains, Cai lived in groups for a long time, while retaining many ancient and medieval traditional cultural customs and national etiquette. Moreover, the folk beliefs and customs of the whole nation are relatively unified and are not easily influenced by the outside world. History has proved that studying and promoting Cai's culture is of positive significance for building Socialism with Chinese characteristics and building a harmonious society.

Cai's Cultural Research and Building a Harmonious Society

Cai Jia cultivated his sentiment with the unique national essence of "being gentle, respectful and frugal" of the Han nationality, and its core was harmony and unity. They pursue the harmony and unity of family, clan, nation, place and country. Under the impetus of the fraternity concept of "fraternity" in the theory of "four seas are brothers", no matter where you are, you can take care of the overall situation, maintain peace and maintain a stable and United political environment. First of all, there is a "harmonious clan" within the clan. As long as there are Chuas in the world, they love each other, help each other and seek common development. In China, advocating "good neighborliness, benefit and litigation" is an important content of Cai Jiagui. We should not only unite the people and develop together, but also live in harmony with our neighbors and help each other. There are "families of different sizes in Hefei, Anhui, which are peaceful and energetic, so they feel amiable." The ancestral training in Chaoshan, Guangdong Province stipulates: "No lawsuit, village". The Five Commandments of Cai Xiang's Genealogy and so on. In many places where surnames live together, extended families also come forward to maintain social stability. For example, Qingyang Town, Jinjiang City, Fujian Province still retains the inscription of "Qingyang Township Covenant". This monument was made in the 16th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1588), and was negotiated by the satrap and the eight rural sages, Zhuang 18 and Lin of the Cai family in Qingyang. This concept of unification has been adopted by the ruling classes in past dynasties and has become a means to assist rule and maintain stability and unity. Abroad, the Chua family actively supported and helped the development of Siyi, and took it for granted that China people had their own traditional ideas, which had been integrated into the local social, cultural and economic life for a long time. They got along well with the local people, brought the advanced handicraft industry, agricultural technology and culture of China at that time, and made contributions to the local social development and economic construction. They participated in the local people's movement for national independence, freedom and democracy, and made efforts for the independence and liberation of their country of residence. Living in a family, we must have strict family rules, so as to maintain social stability and family development. Clan rules play down class antagonism and emphasize consanguinity (nine clans) and quasi-consanguinity (the relationship between heaven and earth). All clan relations are hidden in the whole clan and even the nation. Family rules and family precepts are the documentary provisions formulated by various families in feudal society to regulate the thoughts and behaviors of their people. After the Song Dynasty, genealogy was generally revised, and family laws were written to regulate the behavior of ethnic groups. Some were printed and distributed to the people, while others were erected to warn them. As for the relationship between people, the national motto says, "Be kind to others, be patient when things go wrong, and be faithful." So as to adjust the contradiction between the ruling class and the opposing class and play a positive role in the local social stability at that time. For example, the history of the Party recorded in 1997's Book of the Later Han Dynasty: Cai Yan, Minister of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and Ren Xiang, a native of Runan, "Teach the Ming Classics less and educate the countryside. Some people objected to the lawsuit and they didn't complain about their recovery. " In places where many people live together, clan rules are often consistent with township rules and regulations.

The Chua family in China is an important family in the Chinese nation, with a long history and rich cultural heritage. With the rapid growth of population, surnames have become an important information symbol for population development and social progress. She is the result of human social progress and intellectual development, and it is a very complicated social phenomenon. The Chua family, like other surnames, is an important force of the Chinese nation. However, it has its uniqueness, and its population distribution is multi-ethnic and cosmopolitan. It is an extremely large clan with profound historical background and rich cultural connotation. Its profound historical, social and cultural connotations are the rich heritage of the Chinese nation and have positive social and historical significance. Through research, it will undoubtedly play a practical role in stimulating national self-confidence and pride, enhancing the cohesion of the Chinese nation, and promoting the reunification of the motherland and the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

We should study Cai culture with enthusiasm and calm thinking, carefully study its characteristics in economy, politics, geography, history, philosophy, culture and nationality from a historical perspective, and enrich and perfect our views. We should spend more time carefully writing Cai's genealogy and local chronicles. The study of Cai culture has been developing along the direction of great national unity and unity, and has achieved fruitful research results.