About the history of Canada 1837

Scientists still have great differences about the earliest people who settled in Canada, the age and so on. However, it is generally believed that the indigenous people who migrated from Asia to Canada about 3, years ago through the land connected between Siberia and Alaska should be the first humans to arrive. Except for some who settled in Canada, others continued to move south.

What is certain is that when early European explorers came to Canada, there were already various indigenous people in Canada. Due to different living environments, the indigenous people at that time lived by hunting, fishing or farming, and lived a nomadic or settled life.

The first contact between aborigines and Europeans in Canada probably dates back to about 1 years ago, when a Norman from Iceland lived in Newfoundland for a period of time. But it was 6 years later that a large number of Europeans came.

the first distant colony

British and French explorers came to North America to find new territories in order to find new routes to the rich markets of the "East". They set up new bases in different parts of Canada. Among them, the French are mostly along the St. Lawrence River, the Great Lakes Region and the Mississippi River; The British are concentrated in Hudson Bay and the Atlantic coast. Explorers such as Cabot, Cartier and Champlain never found the route to India and China, but they found many equally valuable things in Canada, such as rich fishing grounds and an amazing number of beavers, foxes and bears, whose furs are all valuable.

It was not until the early 17th century that the British and the French officially settled in Canada. Although more and more settlers promoted the economic development, New France and New England colonies still relied mainly on fur trade economically, and still depended on France and Britain politically and militarily.

After the collapse of the Anglo-French Empire in the 18th century, North America became an important stage for global competition between Britain and France. After Quebec City belonged to Britain in 1759, the Treaty of Paris ceded the French territory east of the Mississippi River to Britain, but the islands of Saint Pierre and Michelin near Newfoundland were still owned by France. Under British rule, 65, French residents have a common goal, that is, to preserve their traditions, languages and cultures. In order to alleviate the potential racial hatred, the British passed the Quebec Act in 1774, which officially recognized the French civil law and ensured the freedom of religion and language of French residents.

after the independence of the United States in p>1776, a large number of English-speaking immigrants flooded into Canada. These royalists loyal to the British Empire hope to seek asylum in Canada. They mainly live in colonies such as Nova Scotia and New Brunswick and along the Great Lakes region.

In p>1791, the continuous population growth led to the establishment of Upper Canada (now Ontario) and Lower Canada (now Quebec). Both administrative regions have their own governing bodies. In 1837 and 1838, there were rebellions in Upper Canada and Lower Canada. In 1848, both places were granted sovereignty except diplomacy. Although Canada has continuously gained autonomy, it is still a part of the British Empire.

the birth of the country

British colonies in Canada, including Canada, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland, have been developing and prospering. However, the more powerful America after the Civil War made some politicians realize that all the British colonies could resist possible American aggression only by uniting.

On July 1st, 1867, according to the British North America Act, East Canada, West Canada, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick * * * together formed the dominion of Canada. The government system of this new country is basically the British parliamentary system. The Governor is the representative of the royal family, and the National Assembly consists of the Senate and the House of Representatives. Congress has the right to legislate on matters related to national interests (such as taxation and national defense), while provinces have the right to legislate on matters related to "special" interests (such as property, citizenship and education).

Growth of the country

After the foundation of the Federation, Canada began to grow into a country. One province after another appeared on the map of Canada. At the same time, immigrants are increasing, especially to the west. In 1913, the number of immigrants to Canada reached the peak of 4 thousand. Before the World War II, Canada benefited from the prosperous world economy and established its own industry and agriculture.

Canada played an important role in the First World War, which made it establish an independent image different from Britain in the post-war international league. In 1931, the adoption of the Statute of Westminster consolidated Canada's constitutional autonomy. In 1929, the global recession made Canada's career rate reach 25%. Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba also suffered heavy losses due to drought. In World War II, Canada, as a member of the Allies, played an important role in the supply of military supplies, which stimulated the recovery of the domestic economy and became the fourth largest industrial power in the world after the war.

westward expansion

in p>1869

Canada purchased the Lubert area from the Hudson's Bay Company. Under this threat, Louis Riel led the Metis to occupy Fort Garry in Winnipeg in November.

In p>187, considering the concerns of the local Metis, the federal government reached a compromise with them, that is, set aside a piece from the original Lubert area and established Manitoba Province.

In p>1871

British Columbia joined the dominion after being promised to build a railway connecting with other parts of Canada in its territory.

In p>1873

Prince Edward Island joined the dominion.

In p>1898

The northern part of the Yukon was formally established, and Canada's judicial power in this area was established.

In p>195

The Lubert region was divided into two new provinces: Alberta and Saskatchewan. The rest became the northwest.

In p>1949

Newfoundland became the tenth province in Canada.

In p>1999

Nunavut was divided in the northwest.

After World War II, Canada's economy continued to expand. Economic development, coupled with the government's social welfare system, such as family allowance, old-age allowance, universal medical insurance and unemployment insurance, has brought Canadians a high standard and high quality of life. The immigration tide in Canada has also changed significantly. Before World War II, most immigrants came from the British Isles or Eastern Europe. After 1945, more and more immigrants came from southern Europe, Asia, South America and Caribbean islands, which also enriched Canada's multiculturalism.

The brewing of a new federation

In the past twenty years or so, Canadians have once again faced some fundamental problems of national identity. In 198 and 1995, most French Quebec people voted against the resolution that Quebec has more political autonomy. In these two referendums, most people still hoped to maintain the integrity of the country. In 1982, the Constitution Act was signed. The new Constitution and its Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms redefine the responsibilities and powers of the federal and provincial governments, and further establish the rights of individuals and ethnic groups. Both the Meech Lake Accord of 1987 and the Saloth Accord of 1991 were made to reform the constitutional system. The Lake Mitch Treaty failed to come into force because it was not recognized by all provinces and places in legislation; The Saloth Treaty, which would have reformed the Senate and made major adjustments to the Constitution, was rejected by most Canadians in the referendum on October 26th, 1992.

Founded by Britain and France, which have always been opposed to each other, Canada is destined to be a compromise country, which combines a variety of foreign cultures, languages and religions, as well as the original indigenous people, and the diversity of its own geographical environment. Seeking common ground while reserving differences is Canada's motto. Moderation and tolerance are the characteristics of the Canadian Federation and the basis for its survival.

before the Federation was established

in p>1497

john kay Cabot arrived at the east coast of Canada.

in p>1534

Jacques Cartier came to what is now Newfoundland province, and marked St. Lawrence Bay on the map (July 14th). In the following years, he traveled along the St. Lawrence River to Kona (now Quebec) and Hocheraga (now Montreal) in Stada.

In p>168

On July 3rd, Champlain founded the first permanent European colony, Quebec.

In p>167

Hudson's Bay Company was established and was granted the right to trade land in Lubert area. All the land belonged to Hudson's Bay Company (May 2).

In p>1759, at the Battle of Abraham Plain (September 13th), Britain captured Quebec from France.