The Formation of Xinjiang Dialect

After the Qing Dynasty unified Xinjiang, there were two large-scale immigrants in Xinjiang. Mainland immigrants are closely related to the formation of Chinese dialects in Xinjiang.

Xinjiang dialect

The first immigration of the Qing government to Xinjiang began in the 15th year of Kangxi in the early Qing Dynasty (1677) and reached its climax in the 24th year of Qianlong (1795). Immigrants are mainly engaged in agriculture, a few are engaged in commerce, and most of them are concentrated in eastern Xinjiang and northern Xinjiang. After years of operation, the economy of eastern Xinjiang and northern Xinjiang has developed greatly and the number of people has increased. Immigrants in this period mainly came from Gansu and Shaanxi. After the war in Xinjiang was settled, the second large-scale immigration began. This time, the residents in northern Xinjiang and eastern Xinjiang are mainly from Shaanxi and Gansu, with the largest number in Gansu. These two large-scale immigrants are the basis for the formation of blue mandarin in eastern Xinjiang and northern Xinjiang. Before the establishment of Xinjiang Province, the Muslims in Shaanxi who were threatened by Bai Yanhu in Yanqi, Kuqa, Luntai, Aksu, Wensu and Wushi were rescued by the Qing army and settled in southern Xinjiang. This is the first time that China people have settled in southern Xinjiang in large numbers. By the end of Guangxu and the beginning of Xuantong, there were more Hui people in southern Xinjiang counties and Yili area than Han people. At the end of Guangxu period in Yili, there were more than 600 people of Han nationality/kloc-0 and 4,700 people of Hui nationality, which was basically the same as the population pattern of Han Hui people in southern Xinjiang. As the majority of residents in southern Xinjiang and Yili, the Hui people in Shaanxi have become the basis for the formation of the southern Xinjiang dialect in Central Plains Mandarin (Division of Xinjiang Dialect in China Dialect by Li and Zhou Lei).

After the founding of New China, people from all provinces and cities in China supported frontier construction, and workers from all walks of life came to Xinjiang one after another in the form of collective or individual combination, forming the third large-scale immigration. Some workers in some emerging cities, production and construction corps divisions and regiments all speak Mandarin similar to Beijing dialect. This is a resident of all corners of the country, living in a place where five parties live together, and there is no natural selection of major dialects. This is the origin of the formation of Beijing Mandarin (the third part of Xinjiang Chinese dialect).