Knowledge of geography in Germany

The latest profile of Germany Erwin profile of Germany (1) Location (Lage): Located in central Europe, surrounded by nine neighboring countries. Bordering Denmark in the north, the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg and France in the west, Switzerland and Austria in the south, and the Czech Republic and Poland in the east (FLCHE): 357,000 square kilometers, the longest straight-line distance between north and south is 876 square kilometers, and the distance between east and west is 640 square kilometers. Rand shafter: The German terrain is extremely diverse and beautiful. From north to south, it is divided into five terrain areas: the northern German railway area, the small and medium-sized railway area and the western German railway area. The South German Alps and the Bavarian Alps. Climate (Klima): Germany is located in a cool westerly belt between the Atlantic Ocean and the continental climate in the east, with little temperature fluctuation. Rainfall is distributed throughout the year. The average temperature in winter is between 65438 0.5℃ (lowlands) and -6℃ (mountainous areas). In July, the average temperature in the lowlands is about 65438 08℃, and the average temperature in the valley with barriers in the south is about 20℃. Population (Bevlkerung):8226.4 million, including 7.3 million foreigners. The elderly over 60 years old account for 23% of the total population, while the youth and children under 20 years old only account for 2 1%. In 2000, the birth rate was 0.92%, the death rate was 1.05%, the natural growth rate was -0. 12%, the immigration difference was 0.24%, the total population growth rate was 0. 12%, and the population density was 230 people/km2. Economy: The gross domestic product (GDP) of Germany is 20 10. After deducting the price factor, Germany's exports increased by10/4.2%, imports increased by 13.0%, investment in machinery and equipment increased by 9.4%, and private consumption increased by 0.5%. Resources: Germany is highly dependent on imports for energy and raw materials. Germany is a country lacking in raw materials, and mainly relies on imports to meet its own raw materials and energy supply. The output of agricultural products can meet half the domestic demand. Germany is the fifth largest energy consumer in the world, and two-thirds of its natural gas energy needs must be imported from abroad. In 2002, the oil consumption in Germany was 65.438+0.27 billion tons, almost all of which were imported. The natural gas consumption is 82.6 billion cubic meters, while the natural gas output is only 654.38+0.5 1 100 million cubic meters. In 2002, the energy consumption structure in Germany was: oil 38.6%, natural gas 22.6%, coal 25.7%, nuclear energy 1 1.3%, and hydropower 1.8%. In terms of mineral products (such as steel, aluminum, tungsten, tin, manganese, titanium, etc. ), but also very dependent on foreign countries. According to statistics, in the western mining industry products, Germany's consumption accounts for about 10%, while the domestic mining industry * * has 1%. Germany is rich in coal and potash resources, but other mineral resources are either quite scarce or completely absent. Many indispensable raw materials for modern industries depend almost entirely on imports. In recent years, the import of textiles and other consumer goods has increased substantially, especially textiles and clothing. Political system: German constitutional monarchy emperor holds state power, and the prime minister is appointed by the emperor and only responsible to the emperor. Parliament is a legislative body, but bills passed by the imperial parliament can only take effect after they are approved by the federal parliament and the emperor. History: 1952: Baden-Wü rttemberg was founded, and Wü rttemberg-Baden and South Wü rttemberg-hohenzollern were elected according to the results of the referendum on February 9 last year. 1952.7.23: East Germany was reorganized into 14 administrative region and East Berlin. 1957: Saar officially became a state in Germany. 1935 belongs to Germany and merged into France after World War II. 1955 voted against autonomy and returned to Germany. 1990.7. 1: Karl-Marx-Stadt restored the name before 1953: chemnitz 1990. 10.3: German unification, East Germany 14. Germany has 29 administrative regions and 9 states without divisions. 199 1.9. 1: Berlin becomes the residence of the federal government. ~ 1993: Saxony is divided into three regions, which were not divided before. 200 1. 1. 1: Galeries Lafayette abolished three administrative regions (koblenz, Trier, rheinhessen-Pfalcz rheinhessen-Pfalcz). 2004.438+0. 1: Three administrative districts (Dessau and Dessau) were abolished in Sa 'an. Magdeburg 2005.1.1:Lower Saxony abolished four administrative divisions (Brunswick, Hanover, Lueneburg, Wesson-Ames wiesel -Ems): the whole country includes 16 states (Lnder), and there are eight larger states. All administrative districts and the remaining eight states are divided into counties (Kreise), and counties are divided into rural counties (Landkreise) and urban counties (kreisfreie Stdte), or simply counties and cities; Below the county level is the township (Gemeiden). State name-administrative name Baden-Wü rttemberg, capital of E2000,10,426,040 35,742 Stuttgart 3,898, 17 1,10,558 Stuttgart Karlsrukarl. 9 19 Karlsruhe Freibo 822 890 Berlin Brandenburg 2 590 375 29 476 Potsdam Bremen 667 965 405 Bremen Hamburg 1 700 089 755 Hamburg Hessen 6 035137 21/KLOC-0. 5 Wiesbaden darmstadt darmstadt 3 703 089 7 445 westfalen 179755 1634080 Dü sseldorf Dü sseldorf 5269 17 15290 Dü sseldorf Cologne 42494 137365 Colombinster 260045. 6905 Munster magdeburg 558,965,438+065,438+04,280 Dessau Harley-Harley 885,666,5438+0 magdeburg Harley-magdeburg 1, 229,965,438+08165,438.

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