Yunnan Cloud Culture, Yunnan Education, Han and Jin Dynasties —— The Beginning of Yunnan Education

Yunnan Cloud Culture, Yunnan Education, Han and Jin Dynasties —— The Beginning of Yunnan Education

When did school education in Yunnan begin? It is a problem that has puzzled Yunnan scholars for many years. Wanli's Yunnan Tongzhi quoted ancient and modern rulers as saying that Yu Ye (now Dali) once read Sima Xiangru, a great master of Hanfu when he was studying in Hanwu, and wrote four volumes of Fu Xin, but Yu Ye Zhang, a genius who can read and recite, went to Sima Xiangru to learn from the classics in order to change his reading habit, and then returned to teach fellow villagers. Later, Xie's A Brief History of Yunnan, Xie's Yunnan Textual Research, Ni Zan's Yunnan Yunzhuan over the Years and several Yunnan chronicles in the Qing Dynasty copied this material, which was taken for granted. Mr. Yu Jiarui mentioned this matter in the History of Dali Ancient Culture, saying that "Zhang Shusheng read it, and it was recorded in Canon and Li Zhi, so it was natural". In the 1950s, Mr. Fang Guoyu wrote the article "The Dissemination of China Literature in Yunnan during the Han, Jin, Tang and Song Dynasties". According to his irrefutable historical research, he came to the conclusion that Sheng Lan was a famous scholar, not that Zhang Xu was a fictional Shu county Zhang Shu in Wanli Zhi. This conclusion is very convincing. It is said that when Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty began to run through the southwest period, there was already Sinology in Yunnan, which belonged to the Society. In order to show the great achievements of Yunnan Han culture in this period, Zhang Xusheng had good intentions, but his admiration for China culture is obvious to all.

There are schools in Yunnan, which began in the early years of the Eastern Han Dynasty. "The Biography of Southwest Yi in the Later Han Dynasty" said: "Su Zongyuan is in harmony with China, the axe king of Shu County is the satrap of Yizhou County, and the politics is excellent ... Shixing School gradually moves its customs." This is the earliest written record of the founding of Yunnan. Later, the Wanli Chronicle of Yunnan School was said to have been "built in Zhang Han for two years" in Yunnan and Dali. Counties and counties in Yunnan are starting to set up schools, and the Axe King, who "learned Confucian classics for teenagers and was famous for" Poems of Han Dynasty ",was born to be" filial and honest "and was the magistrate of Guanzhi Prefecture. He founded schools and trained talents according to the will of the Han Dynasty. Although we don't know the details of his school-running methods and teaching contents, he pioneered the development of schools and spread Chinese culture in Yunnan. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Yin Zhen followed suit, studied under Xu Shen and returned to the village. During the Three Kingdoms period, Zhuge Liang "established religion" in Nanzhong. By the time of the Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties, Zhudi County, located in the northeast of Yunnan, was crowned Ningzhou because of its large number of studious people. The situation reflected by the monument to Meng unearthed in Zhaotong shows that Meng's father became an official in Wuyang County after finishing his studies in a school in the county. When Xiao Ju was 65,438+02 years old, he collected Han Shi in Wuyang and studied Xiao Jing with his father. Therefore, the Meng Monument, known as the "first monument in Han Dynasty", is the physical evidence of Zhu Di's architectural research.

Yizhou county in central Yunnan and Judy county in northeast Yunnan were the main areas of Han immigrants during the Han and Jin dynasties, and also the main areas of setting up schools in Yunnan at this time. From "learning from the classics" to "Yan Longyan and Yan Baozi", it shows that the Yunnan School, which was founded at the beginning, undertook the task of selecting talents for the country. From the study of Confucianism by Meng and his son to the prosperity of cuan clan family, we can vaguely feel this family tradition in Yunnan culture at the beginning of the school. Of course, it is undeniable that Yunnan education in the grass-roots period is not limited to the scope of setting up schools, and its educational strength, influence and binding force on society are also very limited. Yihua, the most popular surname in South China, is a typical example.