Where does the South-to-North Water Transfer Project pass?

Since President Mao Zedong put forward the grand idea of "more water in the south and less water in the north, so we can borrow some water when conditions permit", under the leadership and care of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, the vast number of scientific and technological workers have done a lot of field exploration and measurement in the 50 years since the implementation of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project. On the basis of analyzing and comparing more than 50 schemes,

The Master Plan of South-to-North Water Transfer Project recommends three water transfer routes: the eastern route, the middle route and the western route. Through the connection of three water transfer lines with the Yangtze River, the Yellow River, the Huaihe River and the Haihe River, the overall layout with "four horizontals and three verticals" as the main body is formed, which is conducive to realizing the rational allocation pattern of water resources in China.

East Line Project: Use the existing water diversion project in Jiangsu Province to gradually expand the scale of water diversion and extend the water transmission line. The East Line Project draws Yangtze River water from Yangzhou in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and uses the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal and its parallel rivers to pump the water to the north step by step, connecting Hongze Lake, Roman Lake, Nansi Lake and Dongping Lake, thus playing a role in regulation and storage. After leaving Dongping Lake, water is delivered in two ways: southbound, crossing the Yellow River through a tunnel near Yishan; The other way is eastward, and water is delivered to Yantai and Weihai through the economic southward of Jiaodong water trunk line.

Mid-line project: Water is diverted from the dam at the head of Taocha Canal in Danjiangkou Reservoir after expansion, flows through Fangchengyakou, the watershed between Yangtze River and Huaihe River along the west side of Tangbai River Basin, flows through the Yellow River at Gubaizui, west of Zhengzhou, and then continues northward along the west side of Beijing-Guangzhou Railway, and can basically flow to Beijing and Tianjin by itself.

West Line Project: Dams and reservoirs will be built in the upper reaches of Tongtian River, Yalong River and Dadu River in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, and a water conveyance tunnel will be dug in Bayankala, the watershed between the Yangtze River and the Yellow River, to introduce the Yangtze River water into the upper reaches of the Yellow River. The water supply target of the West Line Project is mainly to solve the water shortage problem in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River and the Guanzhong Plain of Weihe River in six provinces (autonomous regions) such as Qinghai, Gansu, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi and Shanxi. Combined with the construction of key water control projects on the main stream of the Yellow River, water can also be supplied to Hexi Corridor in Gansu Province adjacent to the Yellow River basin, and water can also be replenished to the lower reaches of the Yellow River when necessary.

The total planned water transfer scale of the east, middle and west routes in 2050 is 44.8 billion cubic meters, including 654.38+04.8 billion cubic meters in the east, 654.38+03 billion cubic meters in the middle and 654.38+07 billion cubic meters in the west. The whole project will be implemented in stages according to the actual situation.

Social welfare

In the water supply area, Beijing, the capital, is the political, cultural, financial and diplomatic center of China, and Tianjin is the largest industrial base and an important foreign trade port in the north of China. Hebei and Henan are located in the economic circle of North China, connecting things. Shandong is a big economic province with rapid development; Northwest China and western North China are the bases of energy, raw materials and heavy chemical industry in China, and are the key areas of western development. There are many industrial towns along the railways such as Beijing-Guangzhou, Longhai, Putin, Jiaotoe, Beijing-Kowloon and Lan Xin in the vertical and horizontal water supply area, which is an important area of productivity distribution in China. After the implementation of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project, due to the improvement of water supply conditions, it can not only promote the industrial and agricultural, animal husbandry production and economic development in the water supply area, but also provide a better investment environment, attract more domestic and foreign funds, increase the opening up, and create good social conditions for economic development. At the same time, it can alleviate the contradiction between urban and rural water competition, regional water competition and industrial and agricultural water competition, which is conducive to social stability and unity. It can also avoid water-borne diseases caused by long-term exploitation and drinking of harmful deep groundwater in some areas, curb the spread of skeletal fluorosis and thyroid diseases, and help improve people's health.

economic benefits

After the South-to-North Water Transfer Project is fully implemented, the average annual water transfer is 38-48 billion m3, and the effective water consumption is 30-35 billion m3. 40% of the east route water transfer provides industrial and urban water, and 60% is agricultural and ecological water; 65% of the mid-line water transfer is industrial and urban water, and 35% is agricultural and ecological water; Water supply in the west line is 50% for industry, 50% for cities and towns, 50% for agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry, and 50% for ecological environment. Industrial and urban water supply benefits are calculated according to the industrial output value sharing coefficient method, and agricultural and other water supply benefits are calculated according to the irrigation efficiency sharing coefficient method. In terms of comprehensive benefits, according to the current price level, the average annual economic benefit of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project is about 60-80 billion yuan.

Ecological and environmental benefits

The water quality of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project is good. Increasing domestic and industrial water consumption in water supply areas and improving sanitary conditions are conducive to urban environmental governance, greening and beautification, and promoting urbanization. Increase irrigation water for agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry, improve production conditions of agriculture and animal husbandry, adjust planting structure and improve land utilization rate. It can also be changed from sewage irrigation to clear water irrigation to reduce the pollution of cultivated land and the harm to agricultural products. After improving the water supply capacity in the north, the over-exploitation of groundwater can be reduced, and the groundwater can be supplemented by artificial recharge and seasonal adjustment, so as to improve the hydrogeological conditions, alleviate the sharp drop of groundwater level and the further expansion of funnel area, and control the harm of ground subsidence to buildings. After water transfer, through reasonable adjustment, water can be replenished to dry depressions, lakes, rivers, canals and wetlands, so as to enhance the dilution and self-purification ability of water bodies, improve water quality, restore vitality, promote the development of aquatic products and aquatic biological resources, and make the regional ecological environment develop in a benign direction.