Immigrants in front of temples

Jingling Mausoleum suffered the most disasters in Qing Dynasty, including both natural disasters and man-made disasters. The so-called man-made disaster is man-made destruction and theft of tombs, among which the underground palace is the most harmful.

Some people may ask: Since Dongling in the Qing Dynasty is a treasure trove of geomantic omen, why didn't Wandai rivers and mountains and their ancestral graves in the Qing Dynasty be kept from being stolen?

There is a story widely circulated in Dongling area of Qing Dynasty:

Shortly after the Qing Empire made Beijing its capital, it designated Zunhua Changrui Mountain, not far from Beijing, as a mausoleum, and its geomantic omen was related to the rule of the Qing Dynasty and the reproduction of future generations. Therefore, there are no other people's graves and temples in the mausoleum. Therefore, all temples, Taoist temples, tombs and residents in the mausoleum area need to move out. When the Qing official visited the mausoleum area, he accidentally came to a hill in the southeast of the mausoleum area and accidentally found a very small temple on the hill-Erlang Temple.

At that time, Erlang Temple had only three main halls except a gatehouse and a courtyard wall, which were dedicated to the statue of Erlang God, and the scale was very small. So Minister Jianling built a new Erlang Temple in the back hill of Malanyu as it was, and sent someone to carry the statue of Erlang God from the original temple to the new temple in a sedan chair. The next day, when people took shovels and pickaxes to tear down Erlang Temple, they found the statue of Erlang God still sitting in the temple. When people sent people to see the new temple, the clay sculpture really disappeared, and everyone felt very strange. So the statue of Erlang God was moved to the new temple for the second time, but the clay sculpture came back the next day, so it was moved twice in a row and came back twice. Idols can't be moved, and temples can't be torn down. This worried the officials in charge of transferring immigrants to temples, so they had to tell the emperor the whole story. Emperor Kangxi was puzzled when he received the letter. The next day, after he went to the court, Emperor Kangxi told the officials of the civil and military affairs in the Qing Dynasty about this strange thing and asked the ministers what good strategies they had. Ministers looked at each other, but were at a loss.

Emperor Kangxi had to leave the court and return to Gan Qing Palace, lying on the dragon bed and thinking about it gloomily. Thinking about it, I suddenly saw a lucky cloud floating in the sky. I saw a god standing on the cloud with three eyes and a sharp helmet. Qingyin said, "The Qing emperor heard this. I am Erlang God. I'm here to tell me why I don't go to the new temple. It turns out that the mountain in front of the temple is Monkey Mountain, and there are tens of thousands of monkeys at the foot of the mountain, all of whom are descendants of the Monkey King, and all of them are skilled in martial arts. If I leave the original temple, these monkeys will come out and make a mess of the world. In order to make your tomb solemn and peaceful, I will leave Monkey Mountain in Yongzheng and cannot move to other places. " Say that finish, Xiangyun soared and disappeared instantly.

Emperor Kangxi suddenly sat up. It was a dream. Recalling the words of Erlang God in my dream, I feel quite reasonable. I sent someone to investigate on the spot. It turns out that there is a monkey mountain in front of Erlang Temple. Emperor Kangxi immediately sent an order to the officials responsible for the relocation of the mausoleum, forbidding them to move the temple again. At the same time, the original Erlang Temple was rebuilt and its scale was expanded. The main hall was changed from one to five, adding three rooms in the east and west, and adding two flagpoles. And reshape the statue of Erlang God, and increase the image of Guan Yu and Lv Zu.

However, because the statue of Erlang Temple was moved twice for no reason, the monkey at the foot of Monkey Mountain took advantage of the opportunity that the statue of Erlang God was moved, and a monkey ran out. A few years later, Sun Dianying, a bandit, stole the ancestral grave of the Qing Dynasty-the Dongling of the Qing Dynasty.

Although this is only a folk legend, there is indeed a mountain called Monkey Mountain in the southeast of Qing Dongling, and Erlang Temple is indeed built on the hillside to the north of Monkey Mountain. Weng Tonghe, an important figure in the late Qing Dynasty, mentioned resting here in his diary when he was in charge of building Huiling, the emperor of Tongzhi. Although it is not clear who built Erlang Temple and who maintained and used it in the Qing Dynasty. However, whether at that time or now, it is really incredible to build a temple in the forbidden area of the imperial tomb.

19 12 February 12, the Qing Dynasty perished and the Republic of China was founded. As the ancestral tomb of the Qing royal family, the Qing Dongling is a private property and protected by the government of the Republic of China. However, during the period of the Republic of China, various domestic warlords scuffled, and the promise of the government of the Republic of China became a piece of waste paper, so incidents of looting and stolen goods occurred from time to time.

1928 In July, the first robbery made in Sun Dianying that shocked the world took place in the Qing Dongling. In September of the same year, the abdicated Emperor Puyi of Xuan Tong sent Zaize and others to the Qing Dongling to investigate the theft of the Qing Dongling in detail. What they saw at that time was a broken and desolate scene. When they were investigating Jingling, they left such a historical record:

Jingling: ivory wound stone statue; The small tablet pavilion has four zhou yun lost and three ceilings; The doors and windows of the kitchen library are gone, and there is a loss between purlins; The doors, windows, sill frames and purlins of the east-west Korean dwellings are all lost; All the wooden frames of the east and west classes were lost and the walls collapsed; The plaque of Longen Gate is gone, the doors are all kept, the doornails are gone, and there are no beams and ceilings. The stone fence of Long 'en Hall was destroyed, and the partition wall, sill frame, window lattice and ceiling were all lost. The shrine was completely lost, and four partition fans of the Buddha building were lost; Glazed threshold frame is completely lost; Leave one copper cylinder; The stone pillar on the west side of Erzhumen is broken; Shitai five articles are damaged; The doors, partition windows and ceiling of the Ming building in Baocheng are all gone, and the room is not complete. The bronze stoves, deer and cranes displayed in front of Long 'en Temple have all been lost.

Sleeping in Princess Jingling Garden: all the wooden frames of the East and West classes were lost and the walls collapsed; Two doors and purlins were all lost; Temple shrines, doors and windows, sill frames and ceilings are all lost; The glass door frame is completely gone. .......

Since then, due to poor management, the disaster situation in Jingling has been expanding.

1928 10, the third of the six stone pillars of the archway gate fell to the south and broke into three pieces. It was not until August 1978 and 10 that the upside-down stone pillars were bonded and repaired as before.

I don't know why, the stone pillar on the west side of the second pillar gate of Jingling fell to the west and broke into two pieces. 1978 When repairing the archway door of Jingling, two column doors were also repaired.

In the 1940s, the stone railings on the three-way three-hole arch bridge in Mangou ditch in front of Long 'en Gate in Jingling were pushed down by a group of ignorant and radical people and all smashed. It was not until 19% of Jingling was repaired that the stone railings were re-carved and installed, and the original appearance was basically restored.

For Jingling, the most serious damage is not the ground building, but the theft of the underground palace. The underground palace is the most important core building in the mausoleum building, and the purpose, value and significance of the mausoleum are there-because the owner of the mausoleum sleeps here.

Jingling underground palace was stolen twice.

The first time happened in July, 1928. When Sun Dianying robbed the tombs of Yuling and Cixi in Tommy Tam, he also sent people to rob Jingling, but the underground palace was not dug. The underground palace of Jingling escaped because it is said that when Jingling was stolen, it was forced to stop work because of underground flooding. Therefore, afterwards, in the place of Jingling Lingmen, I found a business card of Commander Chai and Brigadier Han Dabao.

The second time happened in194565438+February 22nd, and the Jingling underground palace was stolen, and all the buried treasures were stolen. Among the bandits who robbed Jingling underground palace, some small leaders were outsiders. For example, Zhao Lianjiang is from Shuchengzi Village in the seventh district of Jixian County, Yang is from Chixiayu in Jixian County, and some are locals. For example, Guan Zenghui of Dongling Village, Tian of Nanda Village of Dongling, Xigou Village of Dongling, Dongling King, etc.