Zheng Chenggong's Historical Contribution

Taiwan Province Province is the sacred territory of China. It is beautiful and rich, like a pearl in the East China Sea, which makes many foreign invaders covet it. /kloc-from the beginning of the 6th century to the 7th century, Japanese pirates, Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch and other colonists frequently clashed in order to occupy Taiwan Province province. From 65438 to 0624, Taiwan Province Province was occupied by Holland, a typical capitalist country in the 7th century. In the following 38 years, the Dutch invaders controlled Taiwan Province Province politically, plundered economically and enslaved spiritually, which made the people of Taiwan Province Province suffer from colonial rule. 1661On March 23rd, Zheng, a national hero, marched eastward with a success rate of 25,000 troops and fought a just war to recover Taiwan Province Province. After eight months of attack, they finally defeated the Dutch invaders, ended their colonial rule in Taiwan Province Province, and returned Taiwan Province Province to the embrace of the motherland. ?

After Zheng successfully recovered Taiwan Province Province, in order to consolidate the political power, he implemented the same feudal system as the mainland in politics, economy and law, which enabled the Han nationality and Gaoshan nationality in Taiwan Province Province to live under a unified feudal system, accelerated the mutual integration of the two nationalities in politics, economy and culture, and promoted the friendly development of ethnic relations. Zheng's successful recovery of Taiwan Province was an epoch-making historical event, but he faced many difficulties and obstacles at the beginning of his return to Taiwan. In order to create a new situation as soon as possible, he accepted the suggestions of Angelababy, the manager of the household department, and Chen Yonghua, who joined the army, and took many effective measures, which enabled Taiwan Province Province to enter a period of great development rapidly, and the economic and cultural undertakings of Taiwan Province Province developed rapidly, and the social outlook changed greatly. At that time, Taiwan Province Province, known as an isolated island at sea, gradually caught up with the level of Chinese mainland. The following focuses on Zheng Chenggong's contribution to Taiwan Province's economy and culture. ?

1. Economic contribution?

Zheng Chenggong focused on developing agriculture, which promoted the rapid development of agricultural economy in Taiwan Province. Secondly, we should attach importance to commercial trade, so as to make Taiwan Province's maritime trade more prosperous. ?

1, agricultural economic development?

Zheng Chenggong is a brave and knowledgeable conductor with both civil and military skills. He grew up under the nourishment of China culture. He is very familiar with the historical events and cultural facts in China and knows the important role of agricultural production and grain harvest in consolidating political power. He said: "When governing the country, the people put food first; Goujia has no food to eat. Although he is like a father and son, it is difficult for him to eat with his family and the country. Although there are loyal and patriotic people, it is difficult to treat their country. " ? Angelababy, the domestic manager, also thinks that "food is the most important thing for the people" and should "persuade farmers to work hard". ? Therefore, at the beginning of Ketai, Zheng Chenggong resolutely adopted the advice of his subordinates and implemented the system of "reclaiming wasteland" in the army with reference to the practice of reclaiming farmland in history, so that some soldiers could reclaim and plant in advance. Then the reclamation policy of "combining soldiers with agriculture" was comprehensively formulated. For example, Wei Yong and the second brigade of the Guards were left to guard Anping Town and Chengtianfu, while the rest of the civil and military officers and soldiers served for two terms. "If there is a gap in farming, they will be trained to use military affairs. If there is a police, they will fight against the song. If there is no police, they will bear the burden of farming." ? Zheng Chenggong took pains to witness various societies in the north and south, and promulgated reclamation regulations to encourage soldiers who are also soldiers and farmers to occupy and reclaim local uncultivated land. At the same time, the "Wang Tian" in the Dutch occupation era was changed to "official land", and the feudal land ownership of "official land", "private land" and "Yingpan land" was established. After the reform, the official land was supplied by the government with means of production and leased to farmers for farming, which made the social productive forces develop rapidly. During this meal, he also promulgated regulations conducive to the development of agricultural economy, educated officers and soldiers to take care of themselves, and stipulated that they should not fish from time to time to achieve long-term stability, which not only prevented the ecological environment from being destroyed, but also enabled environmental resources to be rationally developed and utilized. ?

At that time, the uncultivated areas in Taiwan Province Province were desolate and uninhabited, and the conditions were extremely bad. In some places, there are trees and thorns. Some wild animals are infested, and giant pythons are rampant; Some mosquitoes are rampant and plagues are prevalent ... In the face of difficult and sinister environment, the officers and men in the reclamation area are not afraid of difficulties, bleeding and sweating. They cut through thorns, burn mountains and fill the sea, and sow seeds on newly reclaimed land. After the crops grew, they built dikes to divert water to irrigate the crops, which turned many areas in Taiwan Province Province into fertile fields and presented a thriving scene. Due to the efforts of the vast number of reclamation soldiers, the reclamation area in Taiwan Province Province is increasing day by day. During the Dutch occupation 1650, the cultivated land area in Taiwan Province was only about 1000 hectares, and by 1680, the cultivated land area in Taiwan Province Province reached about 18000 hectares. With the rapid expansion of cultivated land in Taiwan Province Province, more and more crops are planted, and the grain output is also increasing year by year. The army quickly achieved self-sufficiency in military food and created a stable development situation that can be fought and retreated. ?

Taiwan Province province has fertile land, warm climate and long sunshine hours, which is very suitable for the growth of crops. Grains can be harvested two or three times a year. However, at that time, the lifestyle of Gaoshan people in Taiwan Province Province was very primitive, the production tools were extremely crude and the productivity was low. Most of them can only engage in backward fishing and hunting, nomadic and simple agricultural production labor, do not know how to use iron farm tools, and will not use animal power for farming. Angelababy is a domestic manager of Zheng Chenggong. She pays attention to understanding local folk customs and farming methods. After traveling around Taiwan Province Province, he once said, "Britain has been a vassal for fourteen years, and the world is a vassal. There is no fertile land. I'm sorry for the local people's training, but I have no way and no one to teach me. In April last year, the British drove through Mosquito Harbor and Sishe, and learned about the indigenous customs. In August, Nanshe was ordered to harvest the autumn harvest. We saw an acre of rice, and the natives were provoking with their ears, but they didn't know how easy it was to harvest rice with hooks and sickles. When they visited Nanshe, they didn't know how fast plows and hoes and axes were, so they only used an iron chisel ...? Dian attached great importance to the reflected situation, adopted his relevant suggestions, sent officials and farmers across Taiwan Province to various obedient Fan cooperatives, distributed agricultural tools such as iron plows, harrows, hoes, sickles and cows to Gaoshan people, and also distributed seeds to teach them the techniques and methods of sowing, farming and harvesting, which quickly changed their original backward and primitive farming methods. Changes in farm tools and farming methods have led to the rapid development of agricultural production, increased crop yields and greatly improved people's lives. ?

In order to let the soldiers in the wasteland have peace of mind and no worries, Zheng Chenggong deliberately moved his family to Taiwan Province Province to settle down, so as to better develop and build Taiwan Province Province. After returning to Taiwan, in order to cut off the contact between mainland people and Zheng, the Qing government formulated a heinous "policy of moving to Taiwan", forcing all coastal residents to move to the mainland and setting up border defense. Therefore, Zheng Chenggong ordered his men to gather the coastal residents of southern Fujian who didn't want to be outsiders and transport them to Taiwan Province Province. Thousands of immigrants came to Taiwan Province Province and were assigned to work in agriculture and other industries. The large-scale migration of mainland residents to Taiwan Province Province not only enriched the labor force in Taiwan Province Province, but also brought advanced farming tools and production technologies, as well as tools and skills of other industries, which injected new vitality into agriculture and other industries in Taiwan Province Province. Mainland immigrants mowed grass to build houses in Taiwan Province Province and worked hard, gradually forming many villages. They get along well with their Gaoshan compatriots in Taiwan Province Province, teaching local farmers to build houses by burning tiles, planting sugar cane, cooking sugar for export, introducing seawater to dry salt, and carrying out handicraft production, which laid the foundation for the economic revitalization and prosperity of Taiwan Province Province. Taiwan Province Province is rich in water resources. They extensively built water conservancy projects and built more than ten water conservancy facilities in Taiwan Province Province, creating better conditions for agricultural production. ?

Although Zheng Chenggong was in power for a short time, it laid an important foundation for the prosperity of Taiwan Province's agricultural economy. ?

2. The expansion of commercial economy?

Zheng Chenggong's hometown is Shijing Township, Nan 'an Town, quanzhou county, near Anhai. As early as the Song and Yuan Dynasties, Anhai was an important trading port of Quanzhou Port, and people here had the custom of doing business. Zheng Chenggong's father, Zheng Zhilong, was a maritime merchant who made a fortune from the apocalypse to Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty. He is good at doing business, mainly relying on maritime trade to make a fortune. Zheng Zhilong owns thousands of ships, controls the whole southeast sea area and monopolizes maritime trade. At that time, merchant ships had to pay taxes to him when they went to sea, and he collected tens of millions of taxes for ships every year, which the Ming government could not compete with at sea. In order to eliminate the influence of China culture, they also set up a primary school in Taiwan Province Province, teaching children in Dutch, script and old and new, and instead of letting children in Taiwan Province Province write with a brush, they learned to write official documents and vouchers in Roman characters, which became a tool for Dutch colonists to tame. Under the influence of Dutch colonialists, Han and Gaoshan children in Taiwan Province Province had to receive colonial education, believe in western religions and learn from Rome. After Zheng successfully recovered Taiwan Province Province, the Dutch were expelled from Taiwan Province Province, and the people of Taiwan Province Province who had been enslaved by colonial culture for 38 years finally got rid of the spiritual shackles that bound them. They destroyed church utensils, burned Dutch bibles and other books, and let the people of Taiwan Province Province learn the profound China culture. There are many literati among the officers and men led by Zheng Chenggong. They spread Chinese culture to all parts of Taiwan Province Province, and Taiwan Province Province has been nourished by Chinese culture again until today. ?

2. Promote Chinese culture?

Zheng Chenggong was influenced by Confucian traditional education since childhood, and he loved China culture very much. 265,438+0 years old, studying in Nanjing. In order to make his knowledge more profound, he worshipped the literary master Qian as a teacher and asked Qian for advice. He also makes friends with members of "overseas clubs", most of whom are learned people. They often make friends through writing, which has a great influence on Zheng Chenggong and makes him more literate. 1645, when the Qing army entered Fujian, Zheng Chenggong's mother committed suicide by humiliation. This sudden change made Zheng Chenggong resolutely burn Confucian clothes and embark on the road of abandoning literature and joining the army. Zheng Chenggong from Wuhou has never forgotten the traditional culture of China. After recovering Taiwan Province Province, he often exchanged feelings and wrote poems with the literati who followed him to Taiwan? . During this period, Zheng Chenggong wrote the famous "Poem of Returning to Taiwan" with vigorous and fresh style: "The foundation of Zhu Yi will be restored in ten years. There are still 3,000 guests in Tianheng, and mushrooms are hard to stay. " ? After Zheng Chenggong returned to Taiwan Province, adherents of the Ming Dynasty and people from several societies also came to Taiwan. According to Lian Heng's General History of Taiwan Province Province, about 800 people entered Taiwan. These scribes, together with the original cultural figures in Taiwan Province Province, wrote books and engaged in cultural activities in Taiwan Province Province. Zheng Chenggong suggested that Chen Yonghua attach great importance to cultural and educational undertakings. Zheng trusted him, took his advice and set up an educational institution to promote China culture. Because Taiwan Province Province has been educated by colonial culture for a long time, Chinese culture has been suppressed in Taiwan Province Province, and there is no room for development and it is in a state of stagnation. Chen Yonghua invited the teachers of letters and old people who had taught in private schools in rural areas of Chinese mainland to come to Taiwan to engage in cultural and educational work. These scribes taught Confucianism, propagated patriotism and spread Chinese culture in Taiwan Province Province. Zheng Chenggong also cared about his Gaoshan compatriots, stipulated that the children of Gaoshan nationality could be exempted from corvee, and he also asked all the children of Gaoshan chiefs to go to school, thus gradually developing the cultural undertakings in Taiwan Province. ?

Zheng Chenggong had wisdom and courage, courage and arrogance all his life. In the long battle, he broke down from overwork and died unfortunately at the age of 39. After Zheng Chenggong's death, his son Zheng Jing inherited his inheritance. Although Zheng Jing's intelligence is not as good as his father's, thanks to the continued assistance of Chen Yonghua and others, the cultural and educational undertakings of Taiwan compatriots can continue to be further promoted in accordance with Zheng Chenggong's wishes. Shortly after Zheng Chenggong's death, Chen Yonghua suggested building a Confucius Temple and establishing a school. /kloc-in the first month of 0/666, the first Confucius Temple in Taiwan Province Province was finally completed. Since then, the cultural and educational undertakings in Taiwan Province Province have become more prosperous, Chinese culture has spread more rapidly in Taiwan Province Province, and the ties between Taiwan Province Province and Chinese mainland have become closer. ?

3. Integrate the cultures of mainland China and Taiwan Province Province?

When Zheng successfully recovered Taiwan Province Province, he brought tens of thousands of mainlanders to Taiwan Province, including officers and soldiers returning to Taiwan and their families. Later, tens of thousands of Minnan coastal residents who did not migrate in the Qing government's "border withdrawal order" were taken in and transported to Taiwan Province Province for settlement, making Taiwan Province Province a harmonious society on both sides of the Taiwan Strait. With a large number of mainland immigrants coming to Taiwan, mainland culture has been transplanted to Taiwan Province Province and spread rapidly in Taiwan Province Province, thus integrating Taiwan Province Province with mainland culture. Mainland residents are deeply influenced by Confucianism. Most of them have the concept of studying to respect their ancestors and morality, advocate education and have the habit of learning. They want their children and grandchildren to become famous and honor their ancestors. There are many scholars who immigrated to Taiwan Province Province from the mainland. They came to Taiwan Province Province with local culture, which not only brought a good atmosphere of longing for cultural knowledge and attaching importance to learning, but also brought various Chinese cultural concepts, traditional cultural customs and various cultural utensils, so that the mainland's religious culture, genealogy culture, architectural culture, entertainment culture, food culture, costume culture, tea culture, wine culture and sacrificial culture were transplanted to Taiwan Province Province. The mainland culture rooted in Taiwan Province Province and the regional culture of Taiwan Province Province combine with each other to form a unique culture of Taiwan Province Province. The vast majority of Han immigrants in Taiwan Province Province come from Fujian, accounting for 83. 1% of the Han population on the island. Since a large number of Minnan people entered Taiwan Province, they have always maintained their local cultural habits and their own language and religious beliefs. Festival and worship of god and so on. Today, Minnan language is still widely used among the people in Taiwan Province Province, and the customs of celebrating the Spring Festival, Lantern Festival, Tomb-Sweeping Day, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, Double Ninth Festival and Winter Solstice are still preserved. Worshipping the same gods as the mainland, such as Mazu, is a great influence of mainland immigrants on the local culture of Taiwan Province Province. Mainland immigrants also moved their hometown names to Taiwan Province Province. According to the records of Taiwan Province Province, there are 9 1 place names in Taiwan Province Province, which has played an important role in developing Taiwan Province Province and naming Taiwan Province Province. It was not Zheng Chenggong's initiative that mainland residents moved to Taiwan Province Province. Why didn't mainland culture have such a great influence on the culture of Taiwan Province Province until Zheng Chenggong ruled Taiwan Province? It is true that the migration of mainlanders to Taiwan Province Province began as early as the Song and Yuan Dynasties, and it was even worse in the Ming Dynasty. There are not only folk immigrants, but also government recruitment. During the Chongzhen period, Zheng Chenggong's father, Zheng Zhilong, also assisted Xiong Wencan, the governor of Fujian Province. "Tens of thousands of hungry people were moved to Taiwan Province by boat, and people gave three gold and one cow to make the island barren." ? Undoubtedly, bringing these mainland immortals to Taiwan Province will also bring magnificent Chinese culture to Taiwan Province Province. However, during the 38 years when the Dutch occupied Taiwan Province Province, they enslaved the people of Taiwan Province Province, forbade the Han people to marry the Gaoshan people, so as to isolate the spread of Chinese culture, and conducted enslavement education in Taiwan Province Province, which made Chinese culture in a state of decline. After Zheng successfully expelled the Dutch, the colonial culture was eradicated, which enabled Chinese culture to recover and develop, and mainland immigrants to spread Chinese culture widely. Therefore, without Zheng Chenggong's feat of recovering Taiwan Province Province, there would be no result of cultural exchange and integration between Chinese culture and Taiwan Province Province. When discussing Zheng Chenggong's great contribution to Taiwan Province's economy and culture, we can't simply talk about what he did after he returned to Taiwan. Although he didn't do some things in his lifetime, or he didn't do them consciously and deliberately, we can make a fair judgment from his consistent opinions and results. ?

Zheng Chenggong's great contribution to Taiwan Province Province is unparalleled in the world, and the people of Taiwan Province Province greatly admire this great patriot and national hero. In order to never forget Zheng Chenggong's immortal feats in restoring and developing Taiwan Province Province, people in Taiwan Province Province honored him as "Mountain King", "Mountain Ancestor" and "Mountain God" in Taiwan Province Province, and various temples were built in Taiwan Province Province to worship this hero. According to statistics, there are more than 70 temples in Taiwan Province Province to commemorate Zheng Chenggong. Taiwan Province Province also uses "success" to name schools and roads, such as successful national universities, successful national schools, successful roads, successful bridges and successful markets. All these fully reflect the reverence and nostalgia of Taiwan Province compatriots for Zheng Chenggong's patriotic behavior. Zheng Chenggong's contribution to Taiwan Province's economy and culture will go down in history forever.

Attention:?

Bit by bit, Jiang Risheng: Taiwan Province Foreign Collection Volume 1 1, Volume 5.

Little Angelababy: The Records of the Former King.

Point Height Arch Trunk: Taiwan Province Provincial Official Records Volume 10.

Click Yanping Erwang Collection.

Point Wei Yuan: Volume 8 of Wu Shengji