General situation of Baoan county

As early as the Neolithic Age about 5,000 to 6,000 years ago, the primitive people in Shenzhen (Baoan) had entered the prosperous stage of matriarchal clan commune, and the primitive people in Shenzhen flourished and became the "residents" of Baiyue South Vietnam.

Rhino, elephant, water deer, macaque, turtle, snail, ginkgo, citrus, litchi and other aquatic resources are rich. People live a primitive economic life of fishing, gathering and farming. More than 20 Neolithic sites have been discovered and excavated in Nanshan and Xixiang, and a large number of stone axes, Shi Mao and arrows used by primitive people have been unearthed. There are also geometric printed pottery and other cultural relics, such as geometric printed pottery and stone axes on the shoulders. , with strong Baiyue national cultural characteristics. This is the splendid prehistoric culture. In Baini Village, xiacun town, Yuen Long, Hong Kong, which originally belonged to Bao 'an County, sun-moon pottery reflecting the worship of ancient China people was unearthed. Cultural remains of the bronze age from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Spring and Autumn Period were unearthed at the Tiegang Reservoir site in Xixiang, Shenzhen, and four ancient sites, including Hedishan in Shekou, Dameisha in Yantian and Sungang. In the sand dune in front of Dameisha village, a winged arrow led by the front tip was collected, which is the first bronze ware found in Shenzhen. In the thirty-third year of Qin Shihuang (2 14 BC), after the third pacification of Lingnan War, the places where Baiyue ethnic groups lived together were incorporated into the territory of the Qin Dynasty, and there were three counties: Nanhai County, Guilin County and Xiang Jun County. At that time, he was on the ship with 654.38+million soldiers, and later they all settled in Yue. The Central Plains once fell to the State of Yue.

Bao 'an County was once subordinate to Panyu County, Nanhai County. Is there a saying that Panyu came first in Guangzhou? In May of the 11th year of Emperor Gaozu, Zhao Tuo was appointed as the King of South Vietnam, and the security guard belonged to Boluo County at that time.

Until the sixth year of Xianhe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (AD 33 1 year), the southeast of Nanhai County was in Dongguan County. The county governs six counties including Bao 'an and Xingning, including Dongjiang Delta and Huichao area. Dongguan County is located in Nantou City, Baoan County. At that time, Baoan County governed about the whole of Dongguan County and Hong Kong (including the whole territory of Baoan County). According to historical records, Nantou City is Dongguan.

Bao 'an County was also Dongguan County in the sixth year of Jinxianhe (AD 33 1 year), because there is a Baoshan in the territory and there are silver mines in the mountains. At that time, silver sand was a precious raw material for making silver. During the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, Owen Wang wrote The Story of Wu Fang, Wei Yi, in which he said: If you say a treasure, you will find it safe and everyone will be healthy.

"Xin 'an County Records" says: Surrounded by mountains and seas, the city stretches for more than 200 miles, with many wonders, but beautiful scenery and treasures. So the old county was named Baoan. This is the origin of the name of Baoan county, which shows that Baoan county has superior geographical environment and rich natural resources. Salt water in the Eastern Jin Dynasty lasted for six years, and went through the Southern and Northern Dynasties and the Sui Dynasty for ten years (AD 590).

In the second year of Tang Zhide (AD 757), Baoan County was renamed Dongguan County, and the county administration was moved from Nantou to Guancheng.

At this time, Shenzhen is no longer the county government of Dongguan, but has changed from a regional administrative core to a maritime traffic fortress. Jia Dan wrote in the book Four Differences of Ancient and Modern County Roads: Guangzhou sailed 200 miles southeast to Tuen Mun Mountain, sailing west for two days to Kyushu Stone. Tuen Mun Mountain is now the Castle Peak (Beidu Mountain) in the New Territories of Hong Kong. As a navigation symbol of the Tang Dynasty, Tuen Mun Mountain is also very important. "New Tang Book" Tunzhen soldiers. It is said that Tuen Mun was the southern head of the county government of Dongguan County in Jin Dynasty. It is said to be Tuen Mun in the New Territories of Hong Kong. In the Tang Dynasty, Han Yu, the secretariat of Chaozhou, wrote a poem. Although the clouds in Tuen Mun were high, they turned into waves. In the Tang Dynasty, Liu Julin, the magistrate of the South China Sea, used soldiers from villages and towns to build seaports, which shows that Bao 'an was already an important region and an important coastal defense place in the Tang Dynasty.

In Song Dynasty, Bao 'an was not only an important hub of China's southern maritime trade, but also a salt-producing area, and the salt field was more important in the economic life at that time. Dongguan, Guide, Huangtian and Guanfu county-owned saltworks are managed by Guangdong Salt Administration. During the Qing Yuan period in the Southern Song Dynasty, the islanders of Lantau Island in Hong Kong were completely slaughtered for treason because they fought against the imperial court for making salt privately.

The economy of Baoan in Song Dynasty developed to Yuan Dynasty, and the pearls produced in its jurisdiction were very famous and used as tributes. The main producing areas are Houhai of Nanshan Peninsula and Qi Long of Dapeng Peninsula, and Tai Po Sea near Tai Po, New Territories. In the seventh year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1374), Zhu Yuanzhang ordered a tribute to pearls, and Xu Zhan, the magistrate of Dongguan, personally took the sergeant to collect pearls in Tai Po Sea. After a few months, only half a catty of pearls were inferior. Only the emperor ordered the exemption from mining in Baoan area. Now, at the foot of Qiniang Mountain in Dapeng Bay, a large-scale Dongshan pearl farm has been built in China, which produces high-quality pearls and is well known. At the end of the Song Dynasty (A.D. 1277), the Yuan army went south, and wangyi (namely Duanzong) and Wang Wei arrived at Jiazimen in Huizhou from Fuzhou. In A.D. 1278, they went to the hill of Songwangtai, Chung Road, Kowloon Wharf. Surrounded by Yuan soldiers, on the sixth day of February in the second year of Xiangxing, Japanese soldiers broke the cliff mountain and Lu Xiufu died in Song Dynasty. Later, it was rumored that the emperor's bones drifted in the sea and the island was submerged, so Yimin buried Song Shaodi in Chiwan, Shenzhen. Now, the Song Shaodi Mausoleum in Xiachiwan, Taizi Mountain, Nanshan District has been repaired, and a monument to Song Shaodi Mausoleum and a large stone tablet of Cliff Sea Hidden Dragon and Chiwan Yan Di have been erected.

Wen Tianxiang, a national hero, organized people to fight bloody battles when the Song Dynasty was in peril. After being defeated and captured, he was escorted to Lingdingyang outside the Pearl River Estuary in Shenzhen and witnessed the collapse of the Southern Song Dynasty. Wen Tianxiang was deeply moved and wrote a famous sentence, "Who has never died in life since ancient times?" In order to commemorate Wen Tianxiang, Baoan people built the Guo Xin Official Document Temple in Nantou. According to Guangzhou, Bingzi County of Jiaqing County ordered Li Weiyu to build a gilded statue of Wen Tianxiang in the Justice Hall of the shrine. Wen Tianxiang's younger brother Wen Bi was on the list with Wenshan. In the Song Dynasty, he was awarded the positions of Assistant Minister of Finance and General Manager of Guangdong and Huizhou. Jingyan, the prime minister's brother, defended Huizhou, and the soldiers arrived, and Bi fell to the city. Wen Bi went to Beijing to meet Wen Tianxiang, intending to share weal and woe with his brother. Wenshan said he was loyal and filial, on the other hand, he asked his brother's foster mother to take care of him. It is said that Wen Tianxiang's nephew Wen Yinglin was ashamed to retreat to Dongzhu, Dongguan, so he stayed at home. Now, the descendants of the Wen family are thriving in Songgang, Gangxia, Futian, Xintian, Dongguan Yungong, Baoan District, Hong Kong. There are more than 10,000 people in the Wen clan.

Attachment: Crossing the Zero Ocean-Wen Tianxiang

Once the effort comes, there will be fewer stars around.

The mountains and rivers are broken and the wind is floating, and life experiences are ups and downs.

The beach of fear says fear, and there is a sigh in the ocean.

Since ancient times, no one has died in life, leaving a heart that shines through history. The Ming Dynasty was an important period in the history of Shenzhen. In the twenty-seventh year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (AD 1394), Baoan established a defense organization to defend thousands of households in Dongguan and Dapeng. Later, Nantouzhai was established, and troops were stationed in Humen and outside the province, which became a huge military organization, governing six seasons and containing Chaoshan in the east and Xiachuan Island in the west. This is an important period of Baoan's military development. In the fifth year of Qin Long (A.D. 157 1), the military and civilians in Dapeng New Town fought fiercely with the Japanese army for more than 40 days and finally won. During this period, the first anti-European colonial aggression war took place in Baoan, Shenzhen. In A.D. 15 17, Portuguese colonists gained overseas hegemony. Carried out pirate plunder. Wang Jinhong, deputy envoy of Guangdong Sea Road, led Nantou soldiers and civilians to fight against Portuguese invaders. As early as the sixth year of Zheng De (A.D.151KLOC-0/year), the Portuguese Far East Armed Fleet invaded Tuen Mun Port, forcibly landed in Fan Yi Fleet, and occupied Tuen Mun Island and Hainan Sea Passage in Dongguan County. In the sixteenth year of Zheng De,

The European expeditionary fleet came to the East, and western culture spread to the East. Japanese pirates invaded and harassed the people, and people's lives were difficult. However, Dongguan County is too far away to manage, and it is very difficult to manage. Villagers in Nantou, Baoan, Shenzhen, requested the Governor of Guangdong. In the first year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty, the imperial court established Xin 'an County (A.D. 1573), which was a symbol of innovation, turned the corner and guarded the inheritance of thousands of households in Dongguan. The establishment of Xin 'an County Governance (the former site of Xin 'an County Governance is now the first batch of key cultural relics protection units in Shenzhen). When Xin 'an County was first established, its territory included the present Shenzhen Special Zone and Hong Kong, with a population of 3397 1. Economically, it mainly produces salt, tea, spices and rice.

After the county was established, poor people from other places also came to develop it, which promoted the development of Shenzhen. However, due to political corruption and lack of military equipment, it is still often harassed by pirates and western colonialists. In the early years of Qing Dynasty, in order to prevent Zheng Chenggong and the adherents of Ming Dynasty from carrying out anti-Qing activities and being harassed by pirates in coastal areas, the Qing government carried out a large-scale relocation in the first year of Kangxi (A.D. 1662). Moved 50 miles inland. Because nearly two-thirds of Xin 'an County was included in the relocation boundary, it was once merged into Dongguan County. During the relocation, the people were separated from each other and scattered everywhere, causing many casualties. From the beginning of eastern Guangdong, the disaster of life is worse than this. It was not until the 23rd year of Kangxi (AD 1684) that the territory of Xin 'an County was completely redrawn. The indigenous population is large.

In the 16th year of Kangxi (A.D. 17 17), Lynn Yang, governor of Guangdong Province, built military facilities such as forts, city walls, flood control areas, etc. in order to resist foreign invasion, strengthen coastal defense and maintain social order. *** 126. Construction in Jiulongzhai, Lantau Island, Nantouzhai, Chiwanzuo and Xin 'an County. In the 23rd year of Jiaqing (A.D. 18 18), the number of residents in Xin 'an County has reached 225,979. During the Opium War, Lin Zexu, an imperial envoy, destroyed 2.37 million Jin of opium from foreign tobacco merchants in Humen, and together with Guan Tianpei, commander of the navy, mobilized the people and trained bravely to prepare for resisting foreign aggression.

In the 19th year of Daoguang (AD 1829), after the opium was destroyed in Humen, a group of British sailors committed crimes in Tsim Sha Tsui, Kowloon, killing local resident Lin. After Lin Zexu refused to hand over the murderer, in order to defend national sovereignty, he sent the commander of the navy, Sir Ryan, to Jiulong Bay, and then the two sides fought fiercely near Jiulong Mountain 10 hour. We sank an English brig and a sampan.

In the 22nd year of Qing Daoguang (A.D. 1842), the unequal treaty "treaty of nanking" between China and Britain was signed, which made Hong Kong Island in Xin 'an County occupied by Britain. In the tenth year of Xianfeng (AD 1860), Jiulong Peninsula in Xin 'an County was also ceded to Britain because of the Beijing Treaty. In the 24th year of Guangxu (A.D. 1860), the present New Territories was leased to Britain for 99 years. Since then, Xin 'an County has an original area of 3076 square kilometers, of which 1 055438+0 square kilometers was occupied by Britain.

1900, Dr. Sun Yat-sen moved in Hong Kong and Guangzhou, overthrowing the feudal rule of the Qing Dynasty. In April, Zheng Shiliang, Liao Yukun and others entered Yi Tian Shop in Sanzhou, Dapeng Yantian, Baoan, as the base of the uprising. In the same year 10.6, the insurgents lowered the flag in Tianma, Sanzhou, swore an uprising, and put forward the sword to destroy the Xiongnu. The Han people stood together for the ninth time.

After the Revolution of 1911, the Qing Dynasty was overthrown. In the third year of the Republic of China (AD 19 14), in order to avoid confusion with Xin 'an County, Luoyang City, Henan Province, it was renamed Baoan County, and the county was also under the jurisdiction of Nantou City.

1938193811The Japanese invaded south and landed in Daya Bay, Huiyang. The Kuomintang army collapsed without fighting, and the southern end of Baoan County fell. Baoan county government moved to Shima, Dongguan county. 1938 10, Ye Ting led the team as the commander of Dongjiang guerrillas. Publicize and organize the people to resist Japan. In the same year1October 24th 10, Zeng Sheng organized sailors, westernization workers, overseas Chinese youths, students and local farmers who came back from Nanyang and Hongkong to set up the Bao Hui People's Guerrilla in Pingshan, Baoan County. At the same time, the Huiyang County Working Committee was established, with Comrade Zeng Sheng as the secretary. Huang Hua (Huang Guowei) was also sent to Dapeng area to develop party organizations. Later, Huang Wen and Huang Guowei, CPC party member, were appointed. The first party group in Dapeng area was established. Later, Zeng Sheng led the Dongjiang guerrillas to defeat the Japanese in Kwai Chung and Shayuyong. When the Pacific War broke out in February, Kowloon and Hong Kong fell one after another. Dongjiang guerrillas rescued scholars, celebrities, cultural figures and international friends who stayed in Hong Kong, such as Zou Taofen, Mao Dun, Hu Sheng, Yu Ling, Song Zhide and Ge Baoquan. Dongjiang column is active in Huiyang, Dongguan, Baoan, Boluo and other places. At the end of 1943, Dongjiang Column was formally established, and under the leadership of Commander Zeng Sheng, a large-scale guerrilla war against Japan was launched. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Dongjiang Column took an American warship at Shayuyong, Dapeng Bay, Shenzhen at the end of June, 1946, and retreated from Yantai, Shandong Province in the north. 49666.68866868666

During the period of 1969, Shenzhen, as the county magistrate of Baoan County, was the economic and transportation hub of the Mainland and Hong Kong.

1979 1 Guangdong Provincial Party Committee issued a document to cancel Baoan County and establish Shenzhen City. 1979 In March, the State Council approved the change of Baoan County into Shenzhen City. At the beginning of the establishment of the city, it governed six districts, namely Shenzhen, Nantou, Songgang, Longhua, Kwai Chung and Longgang. 1June, 979, Luohu District was established. 1July, 980, Luohu District was included in Sha Tau Kok District.

1in August, 1980, the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) approved to set aside 327.5 square kilometers in Shenzhen as a special economic zone pilot.

198 1 year1October, the organizational system of Baoan county was restored, covering 1577 square kilometers outside the special zone.

1993 1 month, Baoan county was abolished and Baoan district and Longgang district were established. Since then, "Baoan County" has withdrawn from the historical stage.