Are there more women or men in Qatar?

Although the global ratio of male to female newborns is basically balanced (about 106: 100), the imbalance of sex ratio is becoming a very common and complicated phenomenon in many countries and regions. Qatar in the Middle East, with 90% more men than women, is the country with the most shortage of women in the world. Latvia on the Baltic Sea has more women than men 17%, which is the country with the most shortage of men in the world. In Russia, a book entitled "How to Marry a Foreigners-101Suggestions" is selling like hot cakes. In India, son preference leads to more and more bachelors ... If there is an imbalance in gender ratio in any country or region, it will not only be a serious problem of finding a partner, but also have extremely serious consequences for social stability and national continuity, and even affect future international relations.

Countries with more women than men: the popularity of polygamy and married brides

Russia is one of the countries with the most serious gender imbalance in the world. According to the latest census results, the ratio of male to female in Russia is 1000: 1 147, and the ratio of male to female in urban population even reaches1000:167. Russia's male and female populations are over 67 million and 77 million respectively, with a total difference of 65.438+million, which is amazing for Russia's population of 65.438+400 million. Russian demographers believe that the root of the imbalance between men and women in Russia can be traced back to World War II. According to the data released by Russia in 2005, the number of Soviet soldiers killed during World War II was close to 9 million, most of whom were men.

The imbalance between men and women in Russia has caused a series of social problems, the most serious of which is "polygamy". A Russian friend once told reporters that Russian men love to drink, have a bad temper and a poor sense of responsibility, and the present situation of more women than men makes it difficult for Russian women to find good men. So a "good man" like him naturally has the opportunity to maintain a de facto "marriage relationship" with several women. At that time, I thought he was too drunk to brag and didn't care. A later statistical report confirmed his words: In the national census in 2002, there were 65,000 more women claiming to be married than men. This also means that at least thousands of men actually "married" more than one woman.

Another social problem is the surge of "transnational marriage". Russian women's beauty and almost innate artistic temperament make "Russian bride" a hot commodity in the transnational marriage market. Russian women "married abroad" began in the 1990s, and men from France, Spain, Italy, the United States and other European and American countries were the first choice for Russian girls to "marry abroad". According to the statistics of the U.S. Department of Justice, in recent 12 years, 75,000 Russian women passed through the United States with American citizen marriage immigration, with an average age of 28. "Marrying abroad" has also spawned many ways to make money. At present, except how to marry a foreigner-101suggestion, this book is selling well. There are many transnational marriage agencies in big cities such as Moscow and St. Petersburg.

Although "external marriage" can objectively alleviate the imbalance between men and women in China, many Russian experts are worried about it. They pointed out that since most of the "Russian brides" married abroad are well-educated, young and beautiful elites, the growth trend of "marrying abroad" will have a negative impact on the overall population quality structure of Russia. Last year, a member of the Russian State Duma (the lower house of parliament) proposed to restrict transnational marriage through legislative means.

Ukraine, which joined the former Soviet Union, also faces the same problems as Russia. In 2005, the ratio of male to female population was 1000: 1 165, and the female population was 3.58 million more than the male population. The difference is that new social problems have emerged in Ukraine. Because there are too many boys and girls, many men leave home to find new love after seven or eight years of marriage. Others were taken away by a third party, so there are many single mother families in Ukraine at present.

There are more men than women in this country: son preference leads to many bachelors.

India is a country that values boys over girls. Sons not only shoulder the heavy responsibility of carrying on the family line, but also are considered to enable parents' souls to enter heaven after death. More importantly, the dowry of Indian brides is about 6.5438+0.5 million rupees, and adopted sons can also ask for dowry when they get married. So Indians generally don't want girls. Abortion and sex selection are very common. Ravi, an executive of a multinational company in India, has two daughters, but his wife feels that she has not completed the "task". Despite the doctor's advice, she tested the sex of the fetus nine times and induced abortion eight times, and finally died two days after her son was born.

A sociology professor at Nehru University told reporters that according to statistics, in the past 20 years, at least 6 million baby girls in India have been strangled because of sex-selective abortion. Such an amazing number of baby girls "disappeared silently", resulting in a serious imbalance in the gender ratio. The latest demographic data shows that the average ratio of male to female in India is 1000: 927. The ratio of male to female in New Delhi, the capital, is only 1000: 8 19, while in the southern part of New Delhi, where celebrities and rich people gather, the gap between male and female is the largest in India, and the ratio of male to female at birth reaches 1000: 762.

The Indian government has long been aware of the imbalance between men and women. As early as 1994, the bill "Abuse of prenatal diagnostic techniques and preventive measures" was passed to prohibit the abuse of gender testing techniques. Anyone seeking a fetal sex test may face three years' imprisonment, and the doctors who provide help will lose their licenses. From June 5438 to February 2003, the Law on Prohibition of Sex Testing was promulgated, with basically the same contents. Not long ago, a doctor named anil Sabhani and his assistant were sentenced to two years in prison for using ultrasound to determine the sex of a pregnant woman's fetus. Many people believe that this shows that the Indian government will strengthen law enforcement in the future and strive to gradually solve the problem of imbalance between men and women.

Overall balance, local imbalance

The overall balance, the imbalance of different age groups and the imbalance of local areas can be said to be quite representative in New Zealand. According to the results of the 200 1 census, the total population of New Zealand is 3.73 million, including women1910,000 and men182,000, with a ratio of male to female of about 95∶ 100. The normal value of the male-female ratio of newborns is usually 102 to 107: 100. The situation in New Zealand is not very serious.

However, the imbalance in New Zealand's population ratio is very worrying. Some scholars say that a 34-year-old woman and an 85-year-old woman in New Zealand have the same chance of marrying a man of a certain age. This is because the gender imbalance in New Zealand focuses on the age of marriage and childbearing. In the age group from 26 to 50, there are more women than men. Another imbalance is caused by the globalization of the labor market. Because many young and middle-aged men have gone to economically developed countries to look for opportunities and get married and settle down there, it has caused a "man shortage" in New Zealand, which is more prominent in developing countries.

Social problems caused by gender imbalance can not be ignored.

Gao Chunyan, a researcher at the Institute of Population and Labor Economics of China Academy of Social Sciences, said that the imbalance between men and women will bring a series of social problems. First of all, it will be more difficult for people to find a spouse. Secondly, the stability of traditional families and society is threatened, which easily leads to extramarital affairs, homosexuality and other social phenomena. Third, it causes imbalance in the labor market and affects the development of the national economy. Because men are employed longer than women in their life cycle, if men are more than women, it will indirectly increase the supply of labor resources, thus increasing the employment pressure of women.

In a country where there are more women than men, more and more women can't find the right partner, but are satisfied with perfection and live with men they are not satisfied with. These women earn more than their husbands because of their strong ability. Therefore, the contradiction between husband and wife may intensify, and long-term repression will make both parties have the possibility of out-of-control behavior.

And more men and fewer women will also cause many problems. Mu Guangzong, a professor at Peking University Population Research Institute, pointed out that under the population pattern of more men and fewer women, in order to compete for resources and interests, social conflicts and violent incidents may break out at any time, undermining the normal ethical order of society and damaging the harmonious, stable and sustainable development of society.

"If a man can't find a wife, all kinds of social problems will follow," a population expert from the Indian Institute of Social Sciences told reporters. He pointed out that when men can't get a harmonious family life through legal marriage, they will inevitably have anti-social feelings and social stability will be threatened.

Many experts believe that it is difficult for a nation-state to solve the problem of imbalance between men and women. On the one hand, it needs its own long-term adjustment, on the other hand, it can only rely on international immigration. However, in recent years, with the development of globalization, international non-governmental exchanges have become more convenient, and some countries have solved the imbalance between men and women by "importing", which has brought many new problems to nation-states. For example, at present, the number of Korean mixed-race children has reached 35,000, and it will reach 6,543,800+0,670 by 2020. Most of them have a foreign mother. By then, will South Korea be a nation-state? What problems will the emergence of a large number of mixed-race children cause to the inheritance of culture and tradition? With the racial changes in South Korea, the relationship between South Korea and the country of origin of "imported" mothers is not what it used to be, which will become a new topic in the study of international relations and a new challenge to human development.