Where did Shanxi immigrants migrate in the Ming Dynasty?

There have always been different opinions about the number of immigrants, but after repeated research by scholars, there were 17 times in Hongwu and Yongle dynasties. The simple situation is:

In the sixth year of Hongwu (1373), he immigrated from Zhengding, Shanxi and Hebei to Fengyang, Anhui to reclaim land.

In November of the ninth year of Hongwu (1376), he immigrated from Shanxi and Zhengding to Fengyang for reclamation. Because it is winter, the government gives immigrants cotton-padded clothes for the winter.

In the 13th year of Hongwu (1380), in May, 24,000 people were recruited from Shanxi to join the army, and then all of them were demobilized to ordinary people, and the land was resettled and cultivated on the spot.

In August of the 21st year of Hongwu (1388), we chose "Tian Shao Ding Duo" or no farmland households from Zezhou and Shuozhou in Shanxi, and moved to Zhangde, Zhengding, Linqing, Guide and Taikang to plant seeds.

In September of the twenty-second year of Hongwu (1389), Zhang Congcheng, a citizen of Qinzhou, Shanxi Province, and other 6 households voluntarily moved out to open up wasteland, and the household department rewarded them to return to Qinzhou to recruit residents.

In the same month of the same year, Zhu Rong, the commander-in-chief of the rear army, reported to the court that he had moved from Shanxi to Daming, Guangping and Dongchang and distributed 26,000 hectares of land.

In the same year 1 1 month, commander Li Ke was ordered to move Shanxi people to Zhangde, Weihui, Guide, Linqing and Dongchang to plant mulberry dates and reclaim land.

In August of the 25th year of Hongwu (1392), Sheng Feng, Fu Youde and Chang Sheng entered Shaanxi to recruit people to join the army, and set up a 16 health clinic. About Pingyang Prefecture selected 9 guards, Taiyuan, Liao, Qin and Fen selected 7 guards, each with 5,600 guards and more than 90,000 people.

In the same year1February, the imperial court ordered Li Ke and Li Xu, commanders of the later armies, to go to Shaanxi to recruit 598 immigrants and move to Zhangde, Weihui, Guangping, Daming, Dongchang, Kaifeng and Huaiqing respectively.

In the 28th year of Hongwu (1395), in the first month, there were 26,600 officers and men in Shanxi who went to Saibei to build a city to open up wasteland.

In the fourth year of Wen Jian (1402), the Ministry of Housing researched Taiyuan and Pingyang, Ze, Lu, Liao, Fen and Qin, and moved to various states, prefectures and counties in Beiping.

In September of the second year of Yongle (1404), Taiyuan, Pingyang, Ze, Lu, Liao, Fen and Qin migrated 10000 households, which made Beijing rich.

In September of the third year of Yongle (1405), 10000 households moved from the above areas again, enriching Beijing.

In the first month of the fourth year of Yongle (1406), 2 14 households, including Li Mao, a county official from Huguang, Shanxi and Shandong, were willing to go to Beijing for the people, and the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development gave them a family allowance.

In May of the fifth year of Yongle (1407), the court ordered the household department to recruit 5,000 households from Pingyang, Shanxi and Denglai, Shandong, and went to Shanglinyuan, Beijing to supervise work, graze and plant.

In May of the 15th year of Yongle (14 17), Pingyang, Datong, Yuzhou, Guangling and other counties in Shanxi applied to the court to go to Beijing, Guangping, Qinghe, Zhengding, Jizhou, Nangong and other counties to cultivate land for the people and pay taxes according to law, which was rewarded and subsidized by the government.

To sum up, in the early Ming Dynasty, from the sixth year of Hongwu (1373) to the fifteenth year of Yongle (14 17), there were 17 immigrants in Shanxi, with hundreds or even tens of thousands of them at a time, and the number before and after reached 1 10,000. Looking back at the immigration activities organized by the government in the history of our country, the Han Dynasty was limited to reclaiming land and guarding the border, and did not form a national scale; The three countries are divided into one side, each scattered and cultivated; Immigrants settled in the Tang Dynasty and prospered, but they were abandoned after the Anshi Rebellion. In the Song Dynasty, literature was valued over martial arts, and farming flourished and declined. By the Yuan Dynasty, the whole country was prosperous, but soon the world was in chaos. Therefore, Shanxi immigrants in the early Ming Dynasty were the largest organized and planned official immigrants.