Please introduce South Korea, North Korea and Koreans in China.

Archaeological studies have found that primitive humans lived on the Korean peninsula hundreds of thousands of years ago. The Paleolithic Age of the Korean Peninsula began in 500,000 BC and entered the Bronze Age in 10 BC. In the 4th century BC, it entered the Iron Age. It is generally believed that the Korean nation is an Altai nation in the northern Asian continent, which gradually migrated to the Korean peninsula and evolved.

Tan Jun, Korea

Legend has it that in 2333 BC, Wang Jian, the descendant of Xiong Huan God and "Bear Girl" (originally meaning a bear turned into a woman, maybe a tribal woman with a bear as a totem), established a king in Pyongyang today, and established an ancient Korean country-Tan Jun Korea, which means "a country of tranquility and morning light". After Dangen ruled Korea 1500 years, he abdicated and became a mountain god. This myth and legend is recorded in the History of the Three Kingdoms.

Fruit Chan

Chen is the predecessor of Sanhan, and its capital may be south of Hanshui River. Chen Guo is regarded as a federal country like South Korea. From the point of view that Chen Guo can compete with Wei Manchu Korea and send special envoys to the Han Dynasty, Chen Guo should have a stable centralization. Chen Han in the Three Kingdoms period followed the name of Chen Guo. Mahan once claimed to be the king of Chen Guo.

Ji zi, Korea

After the demise of Shang Dynasty at the end of the Western Zhou Dynasty, Ji Zi, a follower of Shang Dynasty, went to the Korean Peninsula and established the "Ji Hou Guo" with the local indigenous people. At the end of 3rd century BC, it was recorded for the first time in Korean history. According to Records of the Historian written by Sima Qian, a historian of Han Dynasty in China, Ji Zi, the younger brother of the last king of Shang Dynasty, brought the etiquette and system of Shang Dynasty to the northern part of Korean Peninsula after Zhou Wuwang conquered it, and was elected as a monarch by the people there and recognized as a vassal by Zhou Dynasty. Historically known as "Jizi Korea".

According to the Korean history book "The Legacy of the Three Kingdoms", after Ji Zi came to North Korea, the descendants of Dangen moved south with their people in order to avoid conflicts with people brought by Ji Zi. These people later became the ancestors of Sanhan.

Jizi Korea ruled the Korean peninsula for nearly a thousand years. According to North Korea's Taiyuan Xianyu genealogy, North Korea's Xianyu family originated from the descendants of Jizi North Korea. Starting from Ji Zi, they experienced 465,438+0 monarchs, and were not replaced by Wei Yanren until the 2nd century BC.

During the period of Dynasty Xian and Lee Korea, Korea was highly respected and appreciated because of the prosperity of Confucianism. Koreans often call Ji Zi "Ji Sheng" and their country "Ji Guo Sheng".

Weiman Korea

Lu Wan, the prince of Yan in the early Han Dynasty, betrayed the Han Dynasty and fled to Xiongnu. His Ministry will lead more than a thousand people to enter Korea with Wei Man, the general of Yan State, and become the palace of Jizi North Korea. Wei regime was established in North Korea in 194 BC and overthrew the regime. This is the second dynasty in Korean history, called "Wei's Korea".

The first three kingdoms period

During this period, ironware was widely produced and used, which made harder and sharper weapons and agricultural tools become a reality, and accelerated political unity and concentration of power and wealth.

From the 2nd century BC to AD, there were mainly Fuyu, Koguryo, Woju, Donglai and other tribal countries in the northern part of the Korean Peninsula. The Western Han Dynasty established four Han counties in this area, of which Fan Zhen and Lintun counties were quickly abolished, and Xuantu county was also transferred to Liaodong. At the same time, after the rise of the Yalu River basin, Koguryo began to gradually unify neighboring countries and annexed Lelang County.

In the southern part of the Korean Peninsula, Chen Guo developed into triple alliance composed of Mahan, Chen Han and Han Ji. In 18 BC, Baekje was established in Mahan and gradually replaced Mahan. Chen and Han Dynasties developed into Silla.

three kingdoms period

In the 4th century A.D., the Korean Peninsula formed the "Three Kingdoms Period of Korea" in which Koguryo, Silla and Baekje stood together.

Koguryo was the overlord of the peninsula in this period. During the reign of King Tai Hao and King Changshou in the 5th century, Koguryo entered its heyday, and in the following 1 century, it still maintained a strong strength on the Korean Peninsula, controlling most of the Korean Peninsula and Liaodong Peninsula in the northeast of China. Since then, during the Sui and Tang Dynasties in China, Goguryeo has been at war with China and began to fall. In 668, it was destroyed by the joint forces of the Tang Dynasty and Silla. According to the inscription in Koguryo's "The Monument to the King of Shantai", King Koguryo forced Baekje and Silla to submit to Koguryo and repelled the Japanese invasion of Silla.

Baekje was founded by two sons of Koguryo founder Zhu Meng in today's Seoul. Baekje annexed Mahan tribe, which reached its peak in the 4th century and ruled most of the western part of the Korean peninsula. After being attacked by Goguryeo's expansion, the capital was forced to move to Jinxiong (now Duke of Zhou) and then to Si Tong (now Fuyu County).

In the first 57 years, Silla unified the southeast of the Korean peninsula, annexed the Chen and Han tribes and established a country. Before the middle of the 6th century, Silla annexed Garda. In 668, after Silla conquered Baekje with the help of the Tang Dynasty, Koguryo was destroyed and most parts of the Korean Peninsula were unified.

Unified Silla period

Silla's territory arrived in the Yellow Sea after it was seized from Baekje and occupied by Koguryo. Silla began to form an alliance with the Tang Dynasty against Baekje and Koguryo. In 660 AD, the Tang Dynasty combined Silla to destroy Baekje, attacked Koguryo the following year, and stationed around Pyongyang for a long time. In 668, he sent troops again and finally conquered Pyongyang in September of that year. General Xue established Anton in Koguryo and Baekje. Since then, the Koguryo regime has withdrawn from the historical stage.

After the war between Silla and the Tang Dynasty in 670-676, Silla occupied Baekje's hometown and a small part of the original Koguryo territory, unified the area south of the Datong River on the Korean Peninsula, made Gyeongju its capital, and ruled by imitating the state system of the Tang Dynasty.

In the 9th century, Silla farmers revolted. In 900 AD, General Zhen Xuan ascended the throne, and after the establishment of Baekje, Gwangju became its capital. In 903, Gong Jin, an uprising monk, became king, and established Taifeng country (the first Mozhen country) in the north and northwest of Silla, with Tieyuan as its capital. In 9 18, Wang Jian established political power, with the country name "Korea" and the history name "Wang's Korea"; The original Silla is also known as "Korea in the post-Three Kingdoms period". Silla was destroyed by the king in 935, and the Silla era ended.

Koryo dynasty

In 9 18, Wang Jian, the ministry of Gong Yi Wang in the post-Koguryo period, was made king and moved to his hometown of Kaesong (Song Yue), and the country name was changed to "Korea". In 935, Silla was destroyed; In 936, after the elimination of Baekje, the Korean dynasty was established.

In 993, after the Khitan War in Korea, North Korea broke off diplomatic relations with the Song Dynasty according to the agreement and obtained its hometown east of the Yalu River. And repelled the invasion of Qidan in the next two wars. In 1 170 and 1 173, led by military commander Zheng Zhongfu, there were two coups. The coup soldiers deposed the king, killed the noble civil servants, and finally established the "Du Fang" regime with the military commander Cui Zhongxian as hostage.

123 1 year, during the Korean-Mongolian War, korean king fled to Jianghua Island; 1258, Cui regime collapsed, the king surrendered to Mongolia, and Mongolia promised to withdraw its troops. After the establishment of the Yuan Dynasty, Sanbie Copy, which refused to lower the Yuan Dynasty, continued to wage an anti-Yuan war. 1273, the Yuan Army occupied Jeju Island and the Korean-Mongolian War ended. Korea became a vassal state of the Yuan Dynasty, and it was not until 1356 that the Korean court regained its sovereignty.

During the Korean dynasty,

1388, King Koryo sent Li Chenggui to attack Liaodong, and Li Chenggui had already made up his mind to join the Ming Dynasty. He returned from the Yalu River to occupy the capital Kaesong and staged a coup. 1392, the king of Korea was deposed, and Wang Gai became its own country with Hanyang as its capital.

The Korean dynasty practiced the policy of worshipping Confucianism and restraining Buddhism. Take a big policy towards China. 159 1 year, Japanese Toyotomi Hideyoshi sent 200,000 troops to invade Korea and once occupied Pyongyang. China sent troops to aid North Korea; 1598, the Japanese army was defeated by the allied forces of China and North Korea, and Li Shunchen, the general of North Korea, and Deng Zilong, the general of China, supported each other and both died heroically. Historically, it was called "Renchen Japanese Rebellion" and China called it "Wanli War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea".

16 18, the Ming Dynasty fought against the late Jin Dynasty, and North Korea sent troops to help the Ming Dynasty; 1636, the Qing army captured Korea, and korean king surrendered and paid tribute to the Qing dynasty, becoming the conferring country of the Qing dynasty.

1863, after the death of North Korean Zhezong, there was no heir, and Li Yunying, the son of the royal family, succeeded to the throne. In history, Li Yunying was known as the Emperor of Korea, and he was the Regent of the "Grand Court". He carried out a series of reforms, strengthened centralization, suppressed local feudal forces, closed the country to the outside world, set fire to American warships robbed in North Korea, repelled the attacks of American warships many times, and destroyed three.

1873, Emperor Gaozong came to power as an adult, Dayuanjun was no longer a regent, consorts of Min Fei came to power, and Japanese warships entered the mouth of Hanjiang River, forcing North Korea to sign the unequal Jianghua Treaty. 1882, because Min Qianhao, the spouse of Min Fei, deducted the military pay, the Korean reformists instigated the Renwu mutiny with the assistance of Japanese political parties. During the mutiny, the uprising soldiers killed officials of the Japanese legation and broke into the palace. Princess Min fled disguised as a maid-in-waiting, and Dayuanjun regained power. At Min Fei's request, China sent Wu Changqing and 3,000 soldiers into North Korea to suppress the mutiny, imprisoned Grand Yuan Jun, and Min Fei's consorts returned to power. Since then, both Japan and the Qing Dynasty have stationed troops in Korea.

North Korean aristocrats are divided into "civilized faction" demanding reform and "old school" headed by Min Fei. 1884, 1884 On February 4th, 1984, Hua Kai sent a joint plan with the Japanese minister, relying on the Japanese army to launch a coup, killing conservative officials, and renouncing relations with the Qing government, which was known in history as the "Shen Jia coup". At the request of the old school, the Qing army commanded by Yuan Shikai entered the palace on the 6th, defeated the Japanese army and killed the civilized leader. Some civilized leaders fled to Japan, and conservatives returned to power.

1894, civil strife occurred in northern China, and the Korean court was unable to suppress it, so it asked the South Korean army to enter the DPRK to suppress it. On June 6th, China's army landed in Asan, and the Japanese army landed in Incheon on July 6th, and launched the Nonnoon incident of occupying Hanyang, forcing North Korea to sign the Jiwupu Treaty (now Incheon). And organized a pro-Japanese government to quell civil strife. 1894 the Japanese attacked the Japanese troops stationed in China and provoked the Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1894. After China's defeat, North Korea terminated its suzerain-vassal relationship with China.

1895 In April, the Qing Dynasty was defeated, and the Sino-Japanese treaty of shimonoseki was signed, which recognized the independence of North Korea, so the North Korean government under Japanese control announced the termination of the vassal relationship with the Qing Dynasty. 1896, with the support of Russia, Emperor Gaozong of Korea established the Korean Empire, from which Lee Korea was renamed "Korea".

1904, after the Russo-Japanese War, Russia was defeated and the Korean regime was completely controlled by Japan. 1905, the Treaty for the Protection of Japan was signed, and North Korea became Japan's "protectorate". 1906, Japan established a "unified supervision" regime dispatched by Japan in North Korea. 1907, Japan forced Emperor Gaozong to abdicate and was succeeded by the Crown Prince. 1909, the first governor of Japan, Ito Bowen, was stabbed to death by North Korean patriot An Zhonggen in Harbin.

During the Japanese colonial rule,

19 10 In August, Japan forced the Korean Empire to sign the Japan-South Korea Merger Treaty with it, formally annexed the Korean Peninsula, and established the Korean Governor's Office for colonial rule. Japan made the royal family of the Korean Empire a Japanese aristocrat, forced Gaozong to abdicate and established the pure Sect of Korea.

1 965438+March 20091day, because Japan banned the use of Korean in schools, a large-scale rebellion broke out on the Korean peninsula. Liu Kuanshun and other young students published the "Sany Declaration of Independence" in Tadong Park, Jongno-ku, Seoul, and spread it throughout the country. These independence activities aroused people's rebellious consciousness, and people attacked Japanese police everywhere, which led to the violent suppression of Japanese police. History is called the "Sany Movement". In the same year, the leaders of the Korean independence movement set up interim governments in Vladivostok, Shanghai and Seoul. Finally, the three provisional governments merged into the "Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea" in Shanghai. The provisional government was recognized by the national government led by Sun Yat-sen and France, Poland and other countries.

1939 After the fall of Shanghai, the provisional government moved several times, and finally 1940 moved to Chongqing, the wartime capital of China at that time. With the help of the China government, the Korean Zionists established the "Korean Recovery Army" and the "Korean Volunteer Army" in China. 1941On February 7th, the Pacific War broke out, and on February 9th, 65438, the provisional government declared war on Japan. 1942 On May 15, the China Military Commission decided to merge the two armies into the Korean Recovery Army, which was directly under the jurisdiction of the interim government. 1945165438+1On October 23rd, the provisional government of the Republic of Korea moved back to China, and the Guangfu Army returned the following year.

From 65438 to 0932, the guerrillas led by Kim Il Sung carried out anti-Japanese guerrilla activities in the northeast of China. Kim Il Sung's anti-Japanese troops occupied the Futenma Fort in northern Korea in 1937 and were forced to withdraw from the Soviet Union in 194 1.

Modern Times

1In February, 945, according to the arrangement of Yalta Conference, the Korean Peninsula was jointly managed by the United States, the Soviet Union, Britain and China. /kloc-In August of 0/5, Japan surrendered and the Korean Peninsula was liberated. The United States and the Soviet Union immediately changed their plans and agreed to take 38 north latitude as the dividing line (38th parallel) for the Korean Peninsula to accept Japanese surrender. At the same time, Soviet and American troops were stationed in the north and south of the Korean peninsula, which was bounded by 38 degrees north latitude, and the Korean peninsula was divided from then on. . With the support of the United States and the Soviet Union, the Republic of Korea was established in the south of the Korean Peninsula in August 1948, and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea was established in the north of the Korean Peninsula in September 1948.

1948 10, the Soviet Union handed over the administrative power of the northern half of the Korean peninsula to the North Korean government. 19 On February 25th, all Soviet troops withdrew from North Korea.

1On June 25th, 950, the Korean War broke out. At first, the Korean People's Army won all the way and suppressed the South Korean army to Busan, so the United States decided to step in and send troops to Incheon. Faced with being beheaded, the North Korean army was forced to retreat. And was suppressed by the US military all the way to the Yalu River area. At this time, the North Korean leader asked the China government for support. In the same year, 10, 19, Chinese people's Volunteer Army crossed the Yalu River and began to help Korea fight.

After repeated tug-of-war,1On July 27th, 953, the United States was forced to sign an armistice agreement with North Korea in Panmunjom. The two sides finally decided to take the temporary dividing line (38th parallel) as the boundary, and the Chinese and North Korean armed forces signed an armistice agreement with the United Nations, which designated Switzerland and Sweden as permanent neutrals to station troops in the same garrison area to monitor the military actions of the two countries on the border.

1 953 65438+1October1,the United States and South Korea signed the Korea-US Joint Defense Treaty. According to this treaty, the United States has been stationed in South Korea for a long time, and on June 26th, 1958, Chinese people's Volunteer Army completely withdrew from the Korean peninsula.