The war between America and Mexico broke out.

The war between America and Mexico broke out.

The Mexican War was a war between the United States and Mexico from 1846 to 1848. This small war took away 2.3 million square kilometers of land in the United States, making it the world's largest power across the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. Mexico squandered most of its territory and was badly weakened. Since then, the United States has achieved the supremacy of the United States.

Map of Mexican War1846 The American war against Mexico from May to1848 February was a key war in the history of American expansion and westward advancement. It provoked the conflict between northern industrial capital and southern slavery, and was the pioneer of American international war.

During the period of 1840s, the mainland of the United States expanded, and immigrants flourished westward. The theory of "daily destiny" pursued by expansionism became the actual basis for the United States to wage war on Mexican rice fields. 1845, 1845 On February 2, 1945, US President Polk proposed to expand the Monroe Doctrine in his annual congressional speech.

On February 27th, 65438, new york Bao Chao published the expansionist O 'Sullivan? The article points out that "it is our daily destiny that God gives us the right to develop in the whole continent" (Frederick? Merck? The task of getting good national history by fate every day-a note at the beginning). 1846 65438+1October 3rd, Congressman Robert winthrop proposed to Congress that "our daily destiny rights should be extended to the whole continent".

1845165438+10 In October, President Polk threatened Zhu to buy New Mexico and California with a debt of $3 million. The Mexican authorities rejected the unreasonable demands of the United States. 1846 65438+ 10/3 Polk ordered Taylor's army to cross the Nu Essis River and occupied the left bank of the Rio Grande, which does not belong to Texas.

On April 25th, a bloody conflict broke out between American and Mexican troops in Mexico. On May 8 and 9, the two sides exchanged fire in Palo Alto and Reza Cadras Palma. On the morning of May 9, the US government adjourned and decided to take peaceful measures against Zhu.

1846 in may 13, the United States declared peace in Mexico and the Mexican war broke out. The United States has an absolute advantage over Mexico in strength. The United States has a developed economy, well-trained and well-equipped troops, advanced rifles and cannons, and the navy dominates the ocean. On the other hand, Mexico is an underdeveloped agricultural country with a population of 7 million, mainly Indians, only 32,000 soldiers and almost no sailors. It is poorly equipped and well trained.

The war is divided into two stages. From 1846 to February 1847, the battlefield mainly unfolded in three directions. Taylor commanded the main force of the American army to fight against the main force of Zhu Jun in northern Mexico. In the Battle of Palo Alto on May 8th, 2,300 American troops confronted 6,000 Zhu Jun, and the American troops defeated the opposing cavalry with artillery superiority. On May 9th, 1700 Americans were in Resaka? De? Los Angeles? Palma Zhu Jun defeated 5700. On September 24th, American troops increased to 15000 and occupied Monterrey. 1847 In February, the two countries fought fiercely in Buena Vista. Santa Anna, commander-in-chief of Zhu Jun, led twenty thousand widows in an attempt to panic in five thousand American troops. Zhu Jun has repeatedly repelled American attacks and captured more than 400 people.

However, the American army repelled the Chu army with inferior artillery. The American army suffered 746 casualties in the battle, and Zhu Jun suffered 1500-2,000 casualties. In California, from June to July, American immigrants defeated Zhu Jun, established the "California Republic" and erected the "Bear Star Flag". The US Navy marched into California to collect and assist immigrants.

In September, Mexicans revolted and expelled American immigrants. The United States sent more troops, cooperated with the Pacific squadron, defeated the Red Army in California and New Mexico, and merged these two regions into the United States. 1846 12, Doniphan led 900 American troops to attack 1000 miles, captured Chihuahua, an important town in northern Mexico, and joined forces with Taylor in Monterrey. By the end of the first stage of the war, they occupied a large area of northern Mexico.

Although there were not many good people, they defeated the Mexican army, which was dominated by Indians, with super tactical accomplishment and excellent equipment. The Mexican people fought guerrilla warfare in the American-occupied area, forcing the US military to stop moving forward. From February 1847 to February 1848, peace entered the second stage. The number of American troops has increased to 60,000, half of which are deployed in Mexico.

In order to crush Zhu Jun's resistance completely, the US military changed its main attack direction and began to look for the shortest route to occupy the capital, Mexico City. US Army Commander winfield scott planned and carried out two landings in Veracruz. Veracruz is the largest port on the east coast of Mexico and has important strategic value. Scott assembled 65,438+03,000 troops and 50 cannons to attack the port with the support of the Navy Bay Squadron. Veracruz was defended by 4,000 men led by Zhu Jun, and the fortress was very strong. In order to realize the amphibious attack, Scott customized a landing craft, conducted intensive training for the troops and made careful preparations. On March 9, American troops began to land on the coast three miles northwest of Veracruz. Zhu Jun stood up and 8,000 American soldiers landed safely.

The US military then began to besiege Veracruz. Since March 22nd, 72 warships and army artillery have shelled Veracruz for several days. Scott ordered that no one alive should leave the city until the Mexicans knelt down and surrendered. The city was severely damaged by heavy shelling by the US military. For a time, "the streets of the city are full of blood, and the corpses of people blown up by enemy shells are everywhere."

More than1000 people died or were injured, and 5 million pesos were obtained. Zhu Xige's defenders resisted tenaciously, and port workers and fishermen also took the initiative to participate in the war, which made the good army pay 82 casualties. On March 29th, Zhu Jun was giving the people an order to stop resistance, and the good army captured the township. The amphibious landing was particularly successful in the military. Qi Xin, an excellent marine, worked together to achieve the agreed goal, which was called "/kloc-the most successful amphibious landing in the 9th century".

A good army was promoted by Zhuxige Township with its back and tail. Santa ana13,000 people fought for an excellent army in Cerro Gordo. On April 18, the soldiers of the good army broke through the mountains, raided the right wing of Zhu Jun, defeated Zhu Jun, captured more than 3,000 people, and suffered 400 casualties. On May 15, the good army advanced to Puobutu, 80 miles away from Zhuxige Township. As a result, the middle and lower classes of the township bowed their knees and surrendered, and the good soldiers captured the third township of Zhuxige without bloodshed.

On August 6th, the elite soldiers of 1000 arrived in the countryside of Zhuxige. The people of Jusigo fought a brave war to defend their tails. Zhu Jun dispersed 20,000 men and 65,438+000 cannons. At that time, Zhu Jun was dominated by black wages, and its combat power was obviously popular. Shan Wei Yuan is fighting hard in the city center. In the two wars of Contritius and Chulu Bushko, the good army defeated the inferior enemy again with heavy artillery fire.

Zhu Jun suffered more than 7,000 casualties and was captured, but the good army also suffered thousands of casualties. On September 7, the Zhu authorities held a short-term arbitration with the good country and rejected the reasonable request of the good country. The good army will pack up the general attack in Zhuxige Township. Zhu Jun fought bravely and was hit by retreating troops many times. The death of a good army is distressing. I'm having a bird's eye view of Chap I Tepeck Mountain in Zhuxige Township. The fighting is particularly fierce.

Jusigo's death in the military academy held a brave war. An excellent army rushed to the top of the mountain like a flood, which taught the dead to face the bullets bravely and dare to attack. The death of an excellent army hurt every place. After Zhu Jun's bullet was exposed, he led the enemy to a black border struggle. At first, six young teachers died gloriously and were eliminated as "young heroes". /kloc-On the evening of September, 2003, Santa Anna led the members of the authorities to evacuate, leaving a messy town and a presidential palace ransacked by the people.

/kloc-at dawn in September of 0/4, an excellent army entered the countryside. At the beginning, the good army bared its teeth, took off its new clothes and held them in the country. Many citizens were surrounded by disgraceful people, but suddenly gunshots rang out. Zhu Jun ambushed at the foot of the mountain and opened fire on the good army from all directions. The good army fell countless times. Fierce street fighting went on all day, and more than 860 people were killed or injured by the good army. Later, because Zhu Xige City discussed the fear of retaliation from the good army and ordered the fire, the good army finally captured Zhu Xige's tail.

However, we are still struggling to get an excellent army every day. The citizens of Zhuxige are carrying out guerrilla warfare in the occupied area, fighting with good troops with broadswords, small shields and shotguns. In February 1847 alone, more than 300 elite soldiers were ambushed and killed. On June+10, 5438, guerrillas occasionally attacked Pueblo, killing Haozhou Shao and annihilating most of the defenders. /kloc-at the end of 0/847, 20,000 people from the good army fought guerrilla warfare.

If Jusigo's authorities could make people rich, they could have weathered the storm. However, the collapse of the lower ruling group was so frightening that in June of 1847 and 10, Santa Anna's position was ruled out, a new authority was established, a road judgment was held, and a good country was obtained.

1848 In February, Yamahara signed the Guadalupe Idavogo Convention. Senya, Nevada, Colorado, Texas, Xinju Diego, Arizona and other profit-reducing states ceded 6.5438+0.9 million kilometers of foreign land, accounting for more than half of foreign countries. Good country receipts and payments18.25 million donations.

Kind Zhu Heping is a naked violation of the peace initiated by a kind country, and even kind General Grant admits that "this kind of peace is one of the most unjust peace that a powerful country has for a powerful minority". Peace ended with the victory of a good country and Giuseppe's sacrifice to heaven. However, the good country also paid a heavy price: 12876 people died (1155 people died of trauma), and 4 102 people were injured, costing 97.5 million yuan.

Zhu Xige failed. He was fighting for power and profit with leaders, nobles and religious groups, struggling to surrender. Zhu Jun was well trained, and after the evacuation, noble soldiers and civilians gave excellent instructions. Good military victory lies in good nature, and tactical firepower, water power and flexible power occupy a disadvantage.

Especially a group of graduates from western military academies, such as robert lee, Zachary Taylor and hiram grant. Show great talent in teaching. In particular, Scott used what he had learned to make a rigorous war attempt, successfully directing Vitruz to land and besiege Zhuxige Township. Wellington, a former British star, once praised him as "the greatest living soldier". It is said that the rural battle of Vitikus-Jusigo is "unparalleled in military history".

There are many firsts in the history of Zhu Heping's good army: the good army fought against the same country for the first time, held amphibious landing for the first time, held street fighting for the first time, used steam warships for the first time, established military authorities in enemy countries for the first time, and kept the peace by professional soldiers alone for the first time. The vast territory expanded in peace and the poor capital laid the foundation for the industrialization of a good country. However, the expansion of the country also rushed into the round servant exhibition in the north, reducing the North-North Shield and laying a curse for the future civil war.

A good country has gained 2.3 million square kilometers of land through peaceful process, which is not too big, and has become a big country across the East and Nanjing-Jingyang, which is familiar to the world. Zhu Xige spent a lot of time and was badly hurt. A good country will gain a dominant position in a good continent in the future.