How were West Germany and East Germany established respectively? How do they divide national boundaries? How is it unified?

Germany split into two sovereign States, namely, the Federal Republic of Germany and the German Democratic Republic. The division of Germany is a major international event after the Second World War, an important part of the Yalpe system, and a direct result of the confrontation between the Soviet Union and the United States and their respective national groups. 1May 949 10, with the consent of the authorities of the western occupying power, the ruling authorities of West Germany announced the establishment of the region as the Federal Republic of Germany, with Bonn as its capital, and formally adopted the Basic Law of the Federal Republic of Germany on the 23rd.

Bundestag elections will be held in mid-August, and a joint meeting of the Bundestag and the Bundestag will be held in September. Theodore Hughes, a liberal Democrat, was elected as the first president of the Federal Republic of Germany. /kloc-a federal government was formed in September of 0/5, with Konrad Adenauer, chairman of Christian Democratic Union, as the federal prime minister. On the 20th, the first federal government of the Federal Republic of Germany was formally established. The next day, the three occupied areas of the United States, Britain and France announced their merger.

Before and after this process, profound changes have taken place in the Soviet area of Germany. As early as 1945 and 10, the Soviet occupation authorities handed over power to local government agencies at all levels in eastern Germany. 1946, the German * * * Production Party merged with the Social Democratic Party in eastern Germany to formally form the German Unified Socialist Party. The United Socialist Party soon occupied a dominant position in the political institutions in eastern Germany. 1949, 10 In July, the German People's Committee held its 9th meeting, adopted the Declaration of the National Front of the Democratic Germany formulated by the United Socialist Party, put forward the program of the German people for the reunification of the motherland, and demanded the establishment of a unified German Democratic Republic. On the same day, the People's Committee also passed a resolution, deciding to set up the "Provisional People's House" and organize the "Government of the German Democratic Republic", and the resolution entrusted Otto Grotewohl to organize the provisional government of the German Democratic Republic. A few days later, william peake became the president of the German Democratic Republic, and the Soviet government issued a statement announcing that all administrative power in eastern Germany was officially handed over to the German Democratic Republic.

Since the division of Germany, although the reunification of Germany has always been an important issue of common concern to East Germany, West Germany and even other parts of the world, due to the constraints of the whole international situation, especially the political and geographical pattern of Europe, the reunification of Germany has not made substantial progress. At the end of 1980s, with the easing of the relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union and the changes in the political situation in Europe, the issue of German reunification once again became the focus of public opinion in various countries. Former US Secretary of State Henry Kissinger predicted that Germany would achieve reunification within 10 years. French President Mitterrand said that German reunification will be one of the major events at the end of this century, but the rapid development of the process of German reunification has greatly exceeded people's expectations.

From 65438 to 0987, honecker, as the leader of East Germany, visited Bonn for the first time, which opened a new page in the relations between the two countries.

1987 In September, Hungary opened its border with Austria. In the following months, more than 500,000 East Germans entered West Germany from Austria, and West Germany recognized these East Germans as its citizens. Then, the GDR held nationwide demonstrations one after another, and the party and state leaders were reorganized. 165438+1On October 9th, East Germany opened the Berlin Wall and its border with West Germany. Westerners believe that these events in Mingde are a sign of Germany's "de facto reunification".

165438+1On October 28th, German Chancellor Kohl put forward two 10 points of German unification plan, which caused different repercussions in the East and West. On the same day, the State Council immediately expressed support for the proposal of Cole Department Store. Spokesman Tatweiler said: "Chancellor Kohl reflects the deepest desire of the German people for German reunification ... this is the goal we have been fighting for for for a long time."

Moderow, the Prime Minister of East Germany, flatly rejected the plan of Cole Department Store in the United States, but suggested establishing a loose federation. The East German government thinks that the plan of Cole Department Store in the United States does not attach importance to the sovereignty and independence of two Germans. If the word "federation" is used, people will understand the existence of two independent sovereign states. 1 February, 2000, two days after Moderow's visit to the Soviet Union, he put forward a historic plan for the reunification of Germany and Germany. According to this plan, the unified Germany remained "militarily neutral". Since then, the two countries have established joint institutions such as parliamentary committees. The third step is to hand over the sovereignty of the two countries to the established authorities. Finally, through elections, a unified parliamentary meeting was held, a unified constitution was formulated, a unified government was decided, and Germany was unified in the form of the German Federation, with its capital in Berlin.

Moderow's reunification plan greatly promoted the process of German reunification and immediately aroused strong repercussions. Cole issued a statement "resolutely rejected the concept of German China culture". It is considered that it is dangerous for the new Germany to adopt a neutral policy, and the unified Germany should stay in the western alliance, which can neither be neutral nor demilitarized.

The United States stressed that reunification must be achieved under the condition that Germany continues to form an alliance with NATO and constantly strengthens its ties with the European Union. A unified Germany should still be a full member of NATO, and France also opposes Germany's neutrality.

Britain is very wary of a unified Germany. Margaret Thatcher emphasized: "The unification of Germany cannot affect the borders and security of Europe.

The Soviet Union stressed that it was unacceptable for a unified Germany to remain in NATO, and Gorbachev also warned that a unified Germany must respect the borders of Europe, and any action that undermined the military strategic balance was unacceptable to the Soviet Union.

Polish Prime Minister Mazowiecki stressed that West Germany should "finally and unconditionally recognize the Ode-Nice River as the western border of Poland and strongly demand to participate in the negotiation process of German reunification.

Given that Germany is the birthplace of two world wars, whether the unified Germany will pose a threat to European countries again is naturally a common concern of eastern and western European countries, which has also become a major sticking point in the process of German reunification, but in a sense, the attitude of the Soviet Union towards German reunification is very important. Of course, the unification of Germany is restricted by various complicated geopolitical factors, but the unified train has started and a unified and powerful Germany will reappear in Europe, which seems to have become a historical necessity.

1 990 July1day, after Germany's first national treaty to establish a monetary, economic and social union came into effect, on July 6, Germany began to negotiate a second national treaty to achieve political reunification, and on August 23, the historic "unification treaty" between Germany and Germany was signed, also known as a political treaty or a second national treaty. The treaty stipulates that people's morality is at 6500.

Because the unification of Germany is the general trend, but the domestic political form of the Soviet Union is quite severe, in order to reduce the damage of the unified Germany to its own security interests, at the same time obtain German economic assistance, and strive for a more active position in the new European structure as much as possible, the Soviet Union changed from Germany, which opposed reunification in the past, to NATO, and adopted a follow-up approach. 1July, 990 14 to July 16, during Jikol's visit to the Soviet Union, the two sides finally reached an agreement on German reunification. The two sides announced that the unified Germany will enjoy "complete sovereignty" and "it has the right to independently decide which alliance it belongs to." The agreement also includes the territory of unified Germany and the withdrawal of Soviet troops from the GDR within three to four years. American, British and French troops stayed in West Berlin during this period, and the maximum number of German troops in the future will be 370,000. In the future, Germany will not be allowed to manufacture, possess and dominate atomic, chemical and biological weapons. After reunification, the problem of the ownership of the German Federation was solved and the biggest obstacle to German reunification was eliminated. On September 20th, the "2+4" foreign ministers signed the Treaty on the Final Settlement of the German Problem at the last round meeting in Moscow, and then Germany was unified on June 3rd, 65438. On this day, grand celebrations were held all over Germany, especially Berlin, which was redesignated as the capital. At this point, the German problem that has plagued Europe for more than 40 years has finally been solved, which marks the end of the post-war European political geography pattern characterized by Germany's division, and the formation of a new European political geography pattern starting from Germany's reunification.