Is there a Warring States Period in the United States?

They originally came from all over the world and were formed from many different cultures, races and religions after a long period of coexistence and union. Gradually, they became proud of being Americans.

Before the 17th century, the vast wilderness of North America was only inhabited by Indians and Eskimos. However, after more than a hundred years of immigration, it has become the new homeland of people from European countries, the most important of which are the 13-state colonies established by the British. , these 13 state colonies declared independence from Britain. After several negotiations and reforms, the United States, a federal system, officially entered the world stage on the eve of the French Revolution. The early United States welcomed immigrants from outside, and these immigrants made it grow rapidly. The United States The population was only 3 million in 1776, but now it is more than 200 million. In the process of rapid increase in population, new living space has also been continuously opened up, and the direction is from east to west. The pioneers who expanded the territory are not only engaged in Farming and animal husbandry, and also searching for minerals and other resources. By the 20th century, the United States had not only become a world power, but also an advanced country in science, technology, medicine and military power.

Before the colonial period (before 1607)

More than 20,000 years ago, a group of wanderers from Asia passed through North America to Central and South America. These people were the ancestors of the Indians. When Columbus discovered the New World, there were about 10,000 Indians living in the Americas. 20 million, of which about 1 million live in what is now Canada and the north-central United States, and most of the rest live in what is now Mexico and the southern United States. About 10,000 years ago, another group of Asians immigrated to Northern North America, these were the later Eskimos. The first white people to come to the Americas were probably the Vikings. They were a group of adventurous fishermen. Some people think that they visited the east coast of North America 1,000 years ago. . Colonial Period (1607～1753) In 1607, a colonial group of about one hundred people established Jamestown on Chesapeake Beach. This was the first permanent colony established by Britain in North America. In the future Over the past 150 years, many colonists have arrived and settled in the coastal areas. Most of them came from Britain, but some also came from France, Germany, the Netherlands, Ireland and other countries. In the middle of the 18th century, 13 British colonies were gradually formed. Under the supreme sovereignty of the United Kingdom, they have their own governments and parliaments. Due to differences in climate and geographical environment, these 13 colonial areas have different economic forms, political systems and concepts.

The Independence Movement ( 1754～1783)

In the middle of the 18th century, there was a rift between the British colonies in the Americas and the United Kingdom. The expansion of the colonies gave them a certain sense of self-consciousness and the persecution of the British, and they began to become independent. idea. In 1774, representatives from 12 states gathered in Philadelphia to convene the so-called First Continental Congress, hoping to find a reasonable way to peacefully resolve the issue with Britain. However, the British King insisted that the colonies must unconditionally surrender to Britain. King, and accepted punishment. In 1775, war was ignited in Massachusetts. In May, the Second Continental Congress was convened to strengthen its determination for war and independence, and issued the famous Declaration of Independence, giving sufficient reasons to fight this war. It was also the key to final victory. In 1781, the U.S. military won a decisive victory. In 1783, the United States and Britain signed the Treaty of Paris, ending the War of Independence.

Formation of a new government (1784~1819)

The success of the revolution gave the American people the opportunity to express their political ideas in the form of legislation. In 1787, the Federal Convention was held in Philadelphia, in which Washington was elected as chairman. They adopted the principle that the central power was general. nature, but must be carefully stipulated and explained. At the same time, they also accept the fact that the national government must have the power to tax, mint currency, regulate commerce, declare war and conclude treaties. In addition, in order to prevent the excessive power of the central government, big

, and adopt Montesquieu's political theory of equal power, that is, the government should set up three departments of equal cooperation and checks and balances, that is, the three powers of legislation, administration, and judiciary should coordinate with each other to check and balance each other without allowing any one power to occupy a controlling position.

Westward expansion (1820～1849)

In the early 19th century, thousands of people crossed the Appalachian Mountains and moved westward. Some pioneers immigrated to the United States. border, even deep into the territory belonging to Mexico, and Oregon between Alaska and California. The pioneers bravely and diligently sought a better life westward.

North-South Conflict (1850～1869)

The causes of the civil war were not only economic, political, and military issues, but also ideological conflicts. The civil war exposed the weaknesses of the United States. It tested the existence of this country. After After passing this test, the United States was on the smooth road to a centralized modern country. There was a dispute between the North and the South over the slave issue. The South's main policy in national politics was to protect and expand the "cotton and slave" system. The interests represented; while the northern states were mainly centers of manufacturing, commerce, and finance that did not rely on slaves, this economic and political conflict has a long history. In the early 1860s, 11 southern states The states seceded from the Union and formed another government, while the North stated that it would pay any price for unification. In 1861, the Civil War broke out. This bloody battle between Americans face to face lasted for four years. The South was severely damaged and left behind It left deep scars. In 1865, the North won the victory. This victory not only showed that the United States was restored to unity, but also that slavery was no longer practiced throughout the country.

Industrialization and Reform (1870～1916)

Industrialization and Reform (1870～1916)

In the early 19th century, the United States began to industrialize, and after the Civil War, it entered a mature stage. In less than 50 years from the Civil War to World War I, it went from a rural country to a The country became an urbanized country. Machines replaced manual work and products increased significantly. The nationwide railway network increased the circulation of goods. In response to the needs of the public, many new inventions came to the market. The banking industry provided loans and promoted the development of industrial and commercial operations. Expansion. Therefore, the nearly 30 years from 1890 to 1917 are called the so-called "Progressive Period". In 1914, the World War broke out. In 1917, the United States was finally involved in the vortex of the war and tried to play a new role in the world.

The New Status of the World (1917~1929)

In the 10 years after the war, American society and culture could be said to be lifeless, emotionless, and belonging to the business class. According to statistics in 1929, the ratio of urban to rural residents was 56:44. At this time, all the features of modern life, such as cars, telephones, radios, and washing machines, had become necessities of life. The post-war economy showed extreme prosperity for the following reasons: Second, the first is that the government no longer interferes with private enterprises and has legislative protection, and the second is that new technologies are driving the economy. Although the economy is growing rapidly, the foundation is unstable.

The Recession Era and World War II (1930～1959)

The Great Economic Panic affected not only the United States, but also countries all over the world. The Great Economic Panic made millions of workers unemployed, and a large number of farmers were forced to abandon their farmland. , factories and stores closed, banks collapsed... a depression. In 1932, Roosevelt was elected president. He advocated that the government should take action to end the economic panic. Although the new government solved many difficulties, the U.S. economy still had to wait for the second time. After the Second World War, the relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union worsened day by day. They stepped up preparations in military, political, economic, and propaganda aspects, just like during the war. This state was called " Cold War".

Since 1960

American History since 1960

, many aspects are still a continuation of post-war development. In terms of economy, apart from periodic recessions, it is still expanding; the population migrating from cities to suburbs continues to increase. In 1970, the suburban population exceeded the urban population. In 1960 In the early days, the black problem became the most important problem in the United States.

In the mid-1960s, many Americans began to be dissatisfied with the government's foreign policy. In addition, due to the development of industry and the concentration of the population, in the late 1960s, the ecological environment pollution has attracted widespread attention. In the early 1970s, the economic depression caused by the energy crisis was the most serious since the Great Panic.

In the mid-1970s, the economy recovered for a time, but by the end of the 1970s, , inflation appeared again. In 1976, the 200th anniversary of the founding of the United States, various celebrations were held across the country. On April 12, 1981, the United States successfully launched the "Columbia" space shuttle, bringing mankind into another new era of space. 1985 In 2016, Reagan was re-elected as president. In the history of ever-changing human development, the United States will open a new page.