In the late Qing Dynasty, overseas Chinese immigrated to Japan.

1. Why is there a large-scale migration tide from South Asia? The immigration tide in Qing dynasty can be roughly divided into two periods: the early Qing dynasty and the late Qing dynasty, and the reasons for Jinmen people to immigrate to South Asia are not the same. 166 1 year, the emperor shunzhi in the Qing dynasty issued a ban, which was called "moving to the border in the early Qing dynasty". The government stipulates that "fishing boats and merchant ships are prohibited from going to sea within 30 nautical miles of coastal residents migrating to the mainland." In addition, the Qing court also banned coastal residents from building houses on coastal islands.

Shunzhi played by Deng Chao

The purpose of the Qing government is very clear, that is, to make the coastal areas of the Qing dynasty a "vacuum zone" where no people live and no food resources can be plundered through imperial edicts. Apart from coastal pirates, the main target of this law is naturally Zheng Chenggong's army. In the same year, they led troops to drive away the Dutch and recapture Taiwan Province Province. This army, still under the banner of Daming, became the last obstacle to the "unification" of the whole country in the Qing Dynasty.

166 1 year, Zheng successfully recovered Taiwan Province province.

In fact, this is far more than a factor to promote the immigration of Jinmen people in Qing Dynasty. The change of dynasties in Ming and Qing dynasties made many Jinmen people unwilling to be humiliated by "cutting their hair and leaving braids" and unwilling to worship Manchu as orthodoxy, so they left their homes to make a living elsewhere. In the late Qing Dynasty, because the Qing government was forced to open to the outside world, a large number of Jinmen people went to Southeast Asia to live in order to avoid natural disasters or wars, or to see the huge business opportunities in Southeast Asia. Especially after the Beijing Treaty was signed in 1860, it was no longer illegal for Chinese workers to go abroad, which made more Jinmen people take their families to Southeast Asia.

Xia Nanyang

In a word, the barren natural environment and strong external intervention made Jinmen people go to South Asia to seek gold and start a new life, regardless of China people's inherent concept of settlement in different places.

Second, although China people living in Nanyang lifted the previous ban after the Qing government occupied Taiwan Province Province, they still imposed severe restrictions on Chinese businessmen going to sea, and even excluded many overseas Chinese, including Jinmen people who had gone to Nanyang. 1740, that is, five years after Qianlong, the Dutch killed overseas Chinese in China in Batavia, Southeast Asia. After the matter was reported to the court by the Governor of Fujian, Emperor Qianlong did not take it to heart, but thought it was "China abandoning the people". Since you dare to abandon your ancestors and go overseas, you will no longer be governed by the court. This shows that the Qing government didn't care about China people who went to Nanyang in batches.

Batavia was then a Dutch colony.

As groups of Jinmen people went south, Jinmen appeared in Southeast Asian countries. In the 20th century, even in the remote and narrow territory of Brunei, there were more than 30,000 Kinmen people, known as "another Kinmen Island" in Southeast Asia.

As for places where people gather in Singapore, the Malay Peninsula and Indonesia, the number of Kinmen people is even greater. For example, there are more than 6,543,800 Kinmen people in Singapore, which is the most concentrated area of overseas Chinese in Kinmen. There are also tens of thousands of Jinmen people in Malay Peninsula and Indonesia Islands. The rest, such as the Philippines and Vietnam, also have thousands to hundreds of Kinmen. In short, the Jinmen people in Nanyang are mighty and powerful.

Small ocean building built by overseas Chinese in Kinmen, Singapore after returning to China.

Take Singapore with the largest population as an example. From the early Qing Dynasty to the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, Jinmen people were involved in many industries, from early workers, fishermen or farmers to later financiers, scholars and professors, journalists and industrial and commercial entrepreneurs. Many Jinmen people have become industry leaders or large local families here, winning a lot of right to speak for Chinese in Southeast Asia. In addition to the business and cultural circles, Jinmen people have also developed in the political circles of Nanyang, and many people have become members of the local parliament or presidents of chambers of commerce, judges or government officials.

Singapore Chinatown

Third, the contribution of Jinmen people in Nanyang to China Although thousands of Jinmen people were forced to leave their homes and come to Nanyang, their attachment and yearning for the motherland is indelible. Since the opening of the port in modern times, many overseas Chinese hometowns in Kinmen, Nanyang, have returned to China, or invested in running schools or donated money to develop their hometowns. For example, Xiamen University, a famous school, was founded by a famous entrepreneur, Mr. Chen Jiageng.

Statue of overseas Chinese Mr. Chen Jiageng

Jinmen hometown of overseas Chinese also actively participated in the domestic revolution and anti-Japanese actions. As early as when the League called on overseas Chinese to donate money and materials, many overseas Chinese in Kinmen, Singapore, joined the League or donated money and materials to the League's office in Singapore. Among them, Huang Xiaoyan and Lin Zeyang, the more famous overseas Chinese in Jinmen of the United League, returned to Xiamen after the uprising in191Wuchang, organized a student army to conquer Xiamen, and Lin Zeyang followed Sun Yat-sen all the time, then joined the China Revolutionary Party and continued to follow Sun Yat-sen in Japan.

Sun Yat-sen is in Singapore

1939, during the Anti-Japanese War, Jinmen Overseas Chinese Robe, who was in Southeast Asia, together with overseas Chinese from all over the motherland, established the Nanyang Overseas Chinese General Association in Singapore to raise money for War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, China. The president is Chen Guochu, an overseas Chinese in Jinmen, and was elected as the standing committee member of the South Overseas Chinese Association, which was later established to be responsible for the liaison and management of overseas Chinese in Nanyang. During the period of 1940, Chen Guochu led materials to return to the motherland and went to various provinces to comfort the army, which made outstanding contributions to War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression.