What are the member countries of the Commonwealth? What is its historical background and cooperation projects?

The Commonwealth has 53 member countries, namely:

Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Botswana, Brunei, Cameroon, Canada, Cyprus, Dominica, Fiji, Gambia, Ghana, Grenada, Guyana, India, Jamaica, Kenya, Kiribati, South Africa, Lesotho, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Malta, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia. Papua New Guinea, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Swaziland, Tanzania, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Kingdom, Vanuatu, Zambia and Pakistan.

*: Pakistan's membership was terminated on June 22, 2007 and has been resumed.

The Commonwealth is an organization that Britain exerts political, military, financial, economic and cultural influence on other members of the Commonwealth. It consists of Britain and the former colonial countries or dependent countries of the independent British Empire. After the First World War, the British power was weakened, and the colonial people demanded independence one after another, so they gradually replaced the title of British Empire with the Commonwealth. The king of England is the head and symbol of the federal state. The Commonwealth has not established any authority. The main organizations are: Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting, Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting in the Asia-Pacific Region, Federal Finance Ministers Meeting and other ministerial professional meetings. The Commonwealth Secretariat was established in 1965, and its responsibility is to promote Commonwealth cooperation and plan Commonwealth meetings at all levels. The secretariat is located in London. Ireland, South Africa and Pakistan, formerly members of the Commonwealth, announced their withdrawal on 1949, 196 1 and 1972 respectively. In addition, some Commonwealth countries and former British dependencies are also included in the Commonwealth. Hero Harbor also translated "Angra- Du-Erozimu". Azores port in the North Atlantic. On the south bank of Tessella Island. Population 1.7 million. Built in 1534, it was once the administrative center of Azores. There are canned fish, tannery, tobacco and other factories and handicrafts such as embroidery. Export wine, pineapple and dairy products. There are16th century churches and17th century castles.

The total population of the Commonwealth is about 654.38+08 billion, accounting for about 30% of the world's total population, and the total trade volume accounts for one-fifth of the world. At present, there are 52 members (1October 22nd, 2007, 165438+ The Commonwealth Ministerial Action Group issued a statement saying that the Commonwealth decided to suspend Pakistan's membership in the Commonwealth because Pakistan "failed to meet the requirements of restoring the Constitution"), among which 32 are small countries with a population below1.5000. April 27th is Federal Day every year. Publications include Commonwealth Trends (bimonthly), Commonwealth Today and Commonwealth Handbook.

The Commonwealth is not a republic, and there is no central government. The king of England is the nominal head of the Commonwealth. The Commonwealth has no authority, and Britain and its member countries exchange high commissioners to represent diplomatic relations at the ambassadorial level. With the development and progress of economy and society, the internal relations of the Commonwealth are becoming more and more unstable. Today, Britain is no longer the master of the Commonwealth, which is just a loose political and economic consultation and cooperation organization.

In June 2007, Kamalesh Sharma, Indian High Commissioner to Britain, was elected as the fifth Secretary-General of the Commonwealth Secretariat since its establishment in June 2007. On April 6, 2008, he will officially succeed the current Secretary-General Donald McKinnon.

The Commonwealth, formerly known as the British Empire, consists of Britain, its dominions and other independent former colonies and dependent countries. After World War I, Britain was frightened by the rising colonial national liberation movement and adjusted its relations with other members of the former British Empire. 1926 The Committee on Internal Relations of the British Empire Conference put forward that Britain and Canada, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa, which became autonomous countries from colonies, are "members of the Commonwealth in free association" and "have equal status in all aspects of internal affairs and foreign affairs, and are not subordinate to each other, and are United only by the spirit of loyalty to the British king". 193 1 year, the Westminster act legally confirmed this point, and the Commonwealth was formally established. From 65438 to 0947, India and Pakistan declared their independence and joined the Commonwealth. 1949, India became a republic and elected its own head of state. Since then, members of the Commonwealth have evolved from the principle of loyalty to the king of England to "accepting the king of England as a symbol of free association of independent member States", and the king of England is the "head of the Commonwealth".

The headquarters and permanent establishment of the Commonwealth are located in London, and its organizations are:

Commonwealth heads of government meeting

The Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting, also known as the Commonwealth Summit, is usually held every two years, starting from London 1966, and then starting from 1966 in member countries, and being presided over by the head of the host government. The meeting discusses international issues that have a great impact on member countries and formulates relevant policies. However, the meeting did not adopt any resolution, and the general principles issued by the meeting were not binding on the participating countries.

Since 1990s, Commonwealth Heads of Government meetings have been held in Harare, Zimbabwe, Limassol, Cyprus, Auckland, New Zealand, Edinburgh, South Africa, Kuram, Australia, Abuja, Nigeria and Valletta, Malta (Zimbabwe officially announced its withdrawal from the Commonwealth on June 7, 2003).

At the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting held in Valletta, Malta on June 5438+065438+ 10, 2005, the government leaders of 53 member countries of the Commonwealth, including Queen Elizabeth II and British Prime Minister Tony Blair, discussed anti-terrorism, immigration and anti-corruption.

In June 2007, the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting was held in Kampala, Uganda. The theme of the conference is "political, economic and human development through changes in Commonwealth society". The meeting issued a communique calling on WTO members to show goodwill and flexibility in the negotiations.

The next Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting will be held in Trinidad and Tobago, a Caribbean island country, in 2009.

Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting in the Asia-Pacific Region

1978 will be held every two years to discuss regional issues of common concern.

Commonwealth ministerial meeting

Including annual ministerial meetings and irregular meetings.

Commonwealth Secretariat

Founded in 1965, it is responsible for consultation and exchange among member States.

Commonwealth foundation

Established in 1966.

In addition, there are some professional organizations in the Commonwealth, such as Commonwealth Parliamentary Association, Commonwealth Press Union, Commonwealth Broadcasting Association, Commonwealth Youth Exchange Council, Commonwealth Sports Federation, Commonwealth Art Association and so on. At that time, most former British territories and colonial countries remained in the Commonwealth except the following countries and regions:

Myanmar became independent on 1948.

Ireland was once a member state after 192 1 became independent from Britain. 1949 After the establishment of the Republic of Ireland, it left the Commonwealth.

South Yemen became independent on 1967.

1Hongkong, which returned to China on July 6th, 997, was the last region to leave the Commonwealth in the 20th century.

Zimbabwe was suspended from the Association by Britain for one year in 2002 on the grounds that its rulers despised human rights and cheated in the general election, which led the Zimbabwean government to angrily withdraw from the organization.

South Africa, Fiji and Pakistan all withdrew (Fiji was later disqualified due to a military coup) and then rejoined.

Fan Chen Genkai reply time 2008-05-23 14: 17

Report to the authorities

Other Commonwealth Member States (53): Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Botswana, Brunei, Cameroon, Canada, Cyprus, Dominica, Fiji, Gambia, Ghana, Grenada, Guyana, India, Jamaica, Kenya, Kiribati, Lesotho, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives and Malta. New Zealand, Nigeria, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Swaziland, Tanzania, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Kingdom, Vanuatu, Zambia.

The Commonwealth is a combination of Britain and an independent former British colony or dependent country. After World War I, Britain was frightened by the rising colonial national liberation movement and adjusted its relations with other members of the former British Empire. 1926, the Inter-Imperial Relations Committee of the British Empire Conference proposed that Britain and Canada, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa, which became autonomous republics from colonies, were "members of the Commonwealth in free association" and "have equal status, and are not subordinate to each other in any aspect of internal affairs and diplomacy, and can only be United by loyalty to the king of Britain".