From Shenzhou 1 to Shenzhou 13, what are the leaps in China's space technology?

This spaceship is the first mission of China's manned spaceflight project and the first launch of shenzhou spaceship.

1999165438+1At 6 o'clock on the morning of October 20th, the Long March II F rocket developed on the basis of the Long March II bundled rocket was launched from Jiuquan Space Launch Site.

After the spacecraft was put into orbit, the TT&C center and the ocean survey ship tracked and controlled the spacecraft, and the life support system and attitude control system in the spacecraft were tested for the first time. After the spacecraft runs in orbit 14 times according to the predetermined program, it sends a return command to the spacecraft through the swing center. Then, the spacecraft establishes a return attitude, brakes the engine to ignite, and the spacecraft begins to perform the return procedure.

165438+1October 2 1 landed at the main landing site in Saihantala, Sunite Right Banner, Inner Mongolia at 3 am, and the mission was a complete success.

Shenzhou II (200 1)

Shenzhou II is also an unmanned test ship, the first full-scale unmanned space test ship in China, which consists of three parts: propulsion module, return module and orbital module.

During the flight of the spacecraft, all kinds of test instruments and equipment have stable performance and work normally, and a large number of valuable flight test data have been collected. At this time, the spacecraft also carried out scientific experiments in many fields such as space life science, space materials, space astronomy and physics in microgravity environment for the first time.

Shenzhou III (2002)

Shenzhou III is the third unmanned experimental spacecraft launched by China and the second full-scale unmanned spacecraft in Shenzhou series. Its main purpose is to study manned function. Except that there are no astronauts on board, its testing technology and design will be consistent with the manned state.

Shenzhou III spacecraft is equipped with dummy astronauts with physiological simulation specifications, which can simulate human metabolism and physiological signals and quantitatively simulate important physiological activity parameters of astronauts in space.

In addition, Shenzhou III also carried a number of experimental devices and plant seeds. The spacecraft consists of propulsion module, return module and orbital module.

Shenzhou IV (2002)

Shenzhou IV is the third prototype unmanned spacecraft in China. Except that there are no astronauts, its technical state is exactly the same as that of a manned spacecraft. Spacecraft consists of propulsion module, return module, orbital module and additional parts.

Shenzhou IV spacecraft is further improved on the basis of the first three spacecraft, and is designed and manufactured in full accordance with the safety requirements of manned space flight. Two seats have been added to the spacecraft's return module, and two simulated astronauts are sitting. Astronauts need work, life and medical care, including sleeping bags, pressure suits, space food, and various life-saving items needed in case of accidents after landing. The specifications are exactly the same as those of some people, which greatly improves the ability to cope with unexpected tasks.

Shenzhou IV mission is the one with the highest technical requirements, the most complete test system, the most difficult and the most comprehensive assessment in all previous unmanned flight tests, which laid the foundation for carrying out the first manned space mission as planned.

Shenzhou 5 (2003)

Shenzhou 5 is the fifth spacecraft launched by China's manned spaceflight project and the first manned spacecraft launched by China.

Astronaut Yang Liwei launched at Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center at 9: 00 sharp on June 5, 2003, returned the next day and landed at 6: 23 on June 6, 2003. Its successful launch and return marked that China became the third country in the world to send a man into space.

Shenzhou VI (2005)

There is no difference in appearance between Shenzhou VI and Shenzhou V, and it is still a three-cabin structure of propulsion module, return module and orbital module. Shenzhou VI was launched by the Long March II F carrier rocket on June 10, 2005. It is the second spaceship carrying astronauts in China and the first manned spaceship carrying out the mission of "many people and many days" in China.

Shenzhou VI consists of two astronauts, Fei and Nie Haisheng. Compared with Shenzhou 5, the spacecraft has added more than 40 pieces of equipment and 6 pieces of software, bringing the number of equipment to more than 600 pieces, 82 pieces of software and 65,438+10,000 pieces of components. The technical improvement of 1 10 has been carried out in four aspects.

Shenzhou VII (2008)

This is also the third spacecraft in this series to carry astronauts. It was launched by the Long March II F carrier rocket at 2 1: 00 on September 25th, 2008. Shenzhou VII carried three astronauts, namely Zhai Zhigang (commander), Liu Boming and Jing Haipeng.

During the orbital period, Zhai Zhigang went out to work and Liu Boming assisted the orbital module, which realized the first spacewalk in China's history, making China the third country capable of sending astronauts into space and carrying out spacewalks.

Shenzhou VIII (20 1 1 year)

Shenzhou-8 is an unmanned drone ready to dock with China Space Station. It was launched on the morning of 2011by the Long March II F Yaoba carrier rocket.

Previously, Tiangong-1 was launched on September 29th, 20 1 1. After the launch of Shenzhou-8, it automatically docked with Tiangong-1 in the early morning of June 3, 1 1, forming a small "space laboratory". After 12 days, it left Tiangong-1 for the second rendezvous and docking with it. Finally, it left Tiangong-1 again and returned to Earth in the return capsule.

Shenzhou 9 (20 12)

Shenzhou-9, with three astronauts on board, is the fourth manned spacecraft in China, and the first manned rendezvous and docking with Tiangong-1. On June 201June 6/KLOC-0, Shenzhou-9 was launched from Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in Gansu Province, and rendezvous and docked with Tiangong-1 on June 0/8 and June 24, respectively. The astronauts lived in Tiangong-1 for more than 10 days, and then the spacecraft was launched on 10: 03 on June 29th.

Shenzhou 10 (20 13)

Shenzhou-10 is China's fifth manned space mission. * * * Carrying three astronauts to rendezvous and dock with Tiangong-1 target aircraft respectively. After the successful docking, three astronauts (two men and one woman: Nie Haisheng, male, commander; Zhang, male, assistant commander; Wang Yaping, female) settled in Tiangong No.1. ..

This mission is the last docking mission between shenzhou spaceship and Tiangong-1. Spacecraft consists of propulsion module (service module), return module and orbital module. Shenzhou-10 was successfully launched by the improved Long March II F carrier rocket "Shen Jian" at Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center on June 20th 1 13, Beijing time.

With the launch and return, Shenzhou 10 * * * flew in orbit for about 15 days, of which it stayed at Tiangong No.1 for 12 days. Its return capsule landed at 20 13 local time on June 26th.

In this mission, we started to teach primary and middle school students in China with video communication from Tiangong No.1, and this lecture was given by Wang Yaping. The contents of the lecture include the characteristics of object motion in weightlessness, the function of liquid surface tension, mass and weight, Newton's law and other physical knowledge. In this process, astronauts interacted with teachers and students on the ground.

Shenzhou XI (20 16)

Shenzhou XI is China's sixth manned space mission. It carried two astronauts to rendezvous and dock with Tiangong-2 Space Laboratory. After successful docking, two astronauts will be stationed in Tiangong-2 to conduct space experiments. This is the first manned mission of Tiangong-2 Space Laboratory. The spacecraft was successfully launched at 07: 00 on 161October116 and stayed in orbit for one month.

After Tiangong-2 docked with Shenzhou-11, a series of space experiments were carried out. 10 year1since October 20th, two astronauts have practiced weightlessness protection on the space platform and planted lettuce seeds by themselves. In the future, they will complete the whole process of plant planting in space.

Shenzhou XII (202 1)

Shenzhou 12 is the twelfth mission of Shenzhou series spacecraft. On June 1, it was launched by the Long March II F carrier rocket at Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, and three astronauts, Nie Haisheng, Liu Boming and Tang Hongbo, were sent to Tiangong Space Station. Shenzhou-12 manned mission is the fourth mission in the key technology verification stage of the space station, the first manned mission in the space station stage, and an important stage in the construction of China's space station.

Shenzhou 12 manned spacecraft consists of orbital module, return module and propulsion module, with a total of 14 subsystem. The orbital module is equipped with astronauts' on-orbit life support equipment, rendezvous and docking sensors and other equipment; The return cabin is the cabin where the astronauts ride during the launch and return of the spacecraft, and it is the "brain" of the spacecraft; The propulsion cabin is equipped with propulsion system, power supply, etc. It can provide a power system for the spacecraft and adjust the attitude orbit during flight.

Shenzhou XIII (202 1)

Shenzhou XIII is the thirteenth mission of China Shenzhou series spacecraft, the 21st mission and the eighth manned mission of China's manned spaceflight project. It was launched by the Long March II F carrier rocket at Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center on 202 1,1and 16.

Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu stayed for six months, setting a new record for the continuous flight time of China astronauts in orbit.

During the astronauts' in-orbit flight, the astronauts carried out two extravehicular activities, carried out many scientific and technological experiments such as rendezvous and docking by hand-controlled teleoperation and transposition of auxiliary modules of mechanical arms, and also carried out two "Tiangong Classroom" space lectures and a series of unique popular science education and cultural communication activities between missions.

The success of Shenzhou XIII manned mission marks the successful completion of the key technology verification stage of the space station, and China's space station is about to enter the construction stage.