Outer Mongolia is wider than Inner Mongolia. Why is the population not as large as Hohhot?

Outer Mongolia, which is China's neighboring Mongolia, and Inner Mongolia in ancient times were both northern nomadic areas, collectively known as Mongolian grasslands, and also Mongolian areas.

At present, Outer Mongolia has a territory of about 156 square kilometers, making it the second largest landlocked country in the world. However, Outer Mongolia is vast and sparsely populated, and the population on the vast territory is 3.278 million (in 22), which is equivalent to less than 2 people living per square kilometer, which is even smaller than the population density of countries like Australia and Canada. Moreover, Ulaanbaatar, the capital of Mongolia, is the largest city in China, with a population of 1.44 million, which is equivalent to bringing together half the population of the country.

In contrast, China's Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is about 1.18 million square kilometers, 38, square kilometers less than that of outer Mongolia, with a population of more than 24 million, and its population density is higher than that of outer Mongolia. Moreover, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia alone, has a permanent population of 3,495,6 at the end of 221, which is definitely better than the whole country of Outer Mongolia.

Now, analyze the reasons for the population difference: First, the natural environment causes

The difference in natural environment between Outer Mongolia and Inner Mongolia causes the population difference between Outer Mongolia and Inner Mongolia.

Outer Mongolia, also known as Mobei Mongolia in history, has a harsh living environment. Outer Mongolia is located at a high altitude on the Mongolian Plateau, with an average altitude of more than 1,58 meters. Most areas are close to the cold Siberia, with a typical continental temperate grassland climate, which is easily affected by the Siberian cold current. The temperature difference between morning and evening is large, it is cold all the year round, the Spring Festival and summer are short, and the average temperature is definitely lower than that in Inner Mongolia.

in addition, there is little rainfall in outer Mongolia, and the climate is relatively dry. In addition, there are no big rivers passing through the territory, and water resources are extremely scarce, which leads to many Gobi desert, desert and mountainous areas, many of which are frozen soil, so it is difficult to engage in agricultural production and suitable for human survival.

Some scientists have also verified that in high latitudes, the climate is cold and dry, and the probability of successful pregnancy is far lower than that in middle and low latitudes, which makes Outer Mongolia, like Russia and Canada, sparsely populated since ancient times and unable to carry too many people.

Inner Mongolia is located in the desert area, but it is in the low altitude area of the Mongolian Plateau. The climate is relatively warmer than that of outer Mongolia. There is Yellow River runoff inside, relatively more rainfall, and the land is more fertile than that of outer Mongolia. Inner Mongolia is characterized by east-west strip and desert in the west, but the central and western regions are located in the Hetao plain with rich water and grass. Moreover, the eastern part of Inner Mongolia is a fertile Liaonen Plain, and most of it is available land. It can be said that Inner Mongolia is located in a region rich in resources on the Mongolian Plateau. Since ancient times, its living conditions have been better than those of outer Mongolia, and people have a longer life span and more children.

Therefore, this can also explain historically that the population of Inner Mongolia has been more than that of outer Mongolia since ancient times. Second, the rulers' suppression of population < P > resulted in a small population in Outer Mongolia, and one of the important reasons was the rulers' suppression of population.

For example, in the Qing Dynasty, to prevent Mongolians from creating the glory of Genghis Khan's golden age again was a strict restriction on the external Mongolian population. The Manchu dynasty adopted the method of enfeoffment of several foreign Mongolian nobles' fiefs, which restricted the Mongolian unity and development. Then, in outer Mongolia, Lamaism was respected, population fertility was restricted, and Mongols were stabbed in the back with knives.

At that time, the Qing Dynasty imposed Lamaism on Mongolians in the desert outside Mongolia, and built a large number of Lamaism temples. Then it was stipulated that no matter how many boys were born in a Mongolian family, they had to be lamas in the Lamaism, and only one boy could be left to carry on the family line. These lamas are not engaged in production, do not need to take corvee or hard labor, and do not need to pay taxes, resulting in fewer Mongolian men getting married and giving birth, which leads to a decrease in population.

Moreover, due to the lack of men, many coolies are undertaken by women, which also makes Mongolian women busy with labor and production all day, and their health is getting worse. Coupled with the harsh climate, backward economy and lack of medicine in the Mongolian Plateau, women's fertility is naturally reduced.

Therefore, after more than 2 years of Manchu rule, the population of Outer Mongolia decreased from nearly 1 million in the late Ming Dynasty to less than 5,. It can be seen that the policies and means of building temples and sending lamas in the Qing Dynasty were also very cruel.

At the end of the late Qing Dynasty, in 1921, the Soviet Union took advantage of the melee between warlords in China to send troops to control outer Mongolia, and China completely lost its control over outer Mongolia.

At that time, the population of Outer Mongolia was just over 7,, which was not as large as that of Beiping at that time. Coupled with Stalin's purges and frequent wars in the 193s, in 1945, the independent population of Outer Mongolia was only 76,, with almost no obvious population growth.

Since then, Outer Mongolia has been under the control of the Soviet Union, and its economic development has been suppressed. The poor living conditions have limited the population growth. (3) the backwardness of industrial development limits the growth of population

After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, Outer Mongolia got rid of the control of the Soviet Union. Although the Soviet government encourages more births, Outer Mongolia is a very closed farming and animal husbandry country with little industrial production capacity, and its national production conditions are very backward, which also limits the population growth. For example, 45% of Mongolia's population now lives in Ulaanbaatar, the capital, which also means that Mongolia will soon become a city-state, and the population is too concentrated, which limits the large-scale reproduction of the population throughout the country.

Moreover, 3% of Mongolia's population are engaged in nomadic and semi-nomadic jobs, which means that they have no fixed place to live, which is even more unfavorable for having children.

Another important reason for the slow population growth in Outer Mongolia is that men in Outer Mongolia are influenced by the Soviet Union and drink heavily. Coupled with the backward medical conditions, the average life expectancy of men in Outer Mongolia is significantly lower than that of women, and more women than men is not conducive to population reproduction, which also causes the slow growth rate of population in Outer Mongolia. Four reasons for the population reproduction in Inner Mongolia: the migration and industrialization of Han people < P > Outer Mongolia is too far away from the Central Plains, and it is difficult to attract a large number of people to move to the north to settle down. Historically, due to the harsh climate and environment in Mongolia outside the desert, nomadic people have moved south to harass the Central Plains regime in warm regions in order to obtain the food and various resources they want.

In contrast, Inner Mongolia is closer to the Central Plains than outer Mongolia, and has been influenced by the Han culture in the Central Plains. Because of the fertile land in Hetao area of Inner Mongolia, the northern Han people have been attracted to migrate and reclaim land and develop agriculture since ancient times. Inner Mongolia has had a westward journey since ancient times, that is, Han residents south of the Great Wall crossed the Great Wall and then moved to live and live in Inner Mongolia.

So, the ancestors of most people in Inner Mongolia today are from Shaanxi and Shanxi. Although Inner Mongolia has a population of more than 2 million, the real Mongolian is about 6 million. The Mongolian population is still 1.1 million more than that of outer Mongolia!

A large number of Han immigrants in Inner Mongolia not only enriched the population, but also brought many advanced production technologies and promoted the economic development in Inner Mongolia. Many nomadic families in Inner Mongolia have gradually started farming and settled down, and the population has gradually increased, thus forming a virtuous circle of population growth and economic development.

In the early days of the founding of New China, Inner Mongolia was designated as the heavy industry base of China, and Inner Mongolia also made full use of its rich mineral resources to establish a perfect heavy industry system. At present, animal husbandry, dairy products, meat products, wool and other products in Inner Mongolia are of high quality and low price, and are sold nationwide. The rich forest and mineral resources in Inner Mongolia have formed a strong heavy industry base, promoted the economic development in Inner Mongolia, created a good environment for people's lives, and inevitably promoted the population growth in Inner Mongolia.