700-word Analysis Composition on Ethnic Problems in China

China's Ethnic Problems and Countermeasures

Some people always say that the root of ethnic problems is economic problems. There seems to be no separatist voice in economically developed countries. It is true that it is urgent and necessary to solve economic problems, but the difference of national identity is the most fundamental factor of the differentiation of interests and consciousness, which leads to the ultimate division of the country. Poverty and inequality between the rich and the poor will only lead to social unrest. The stronger the national consciousness and the far-reaching ethnic grievances, the easier it is to split. Therefore, I believe that the ethnic issues in China are fundamentally policy-oriented, with emphasis on population structure and national consciousness.

The reason why we want to talk about ethnic issues is because today's China has reached the point where we have to talk about it and it is difficult to be frank. Avoiding and dodging can't solve the problem, only by facing up to and coordinating the overall situation can it be solved. At present, there are three main ethnic problems in China: First, the ethnic population structure and proportion have been greatly adjusted. How will China face and handle this trend in the future? Second, does China's ethnic policy contribute to the cognitive formation of the Chinese nation, or is it still playing a role in dividing people's minds? Third, is improving economic conditions the fundamental way to eliminate ethnic division? If not, how to solve it?

Some people say that more than 40% of the population aged 0 to 5 in China/KLOC-are ethnic minorities. In other words, if all the people over 6 years old in China are dead now, the Han nationality accounts for less than 60% of the national population. It seems impossible at first glance, but it is not impossible to calm down and think about it. Family planning in China is mainly limited to Han people, which will lead to the aging of China people, which will become the aging of Han people in essence. Today, the Han nationality accounts for more than 90% of the country's total population, which can only reveal that the elderly of the Han nationality account for the vast majority, but it cannot hide the fact that the proportion of the young population of the Han nationality has dropped seriously. In addition, some preferential policies for ethnic minorities (such as extra points in exams, etc. ) will also force the vast majority of Han and ethnic minorities to choose minority household registration.

The population structure of a nation determines the future total population and its proportion. Therefore, in another generation or two, the total proportion of the Han population will drop to about 75%, or even below 60%, or even 50%. In the past 20 years, the total proportion of Han nationality in the national population has dropped from 94% to about 90.5%. What will happen in the next 20, 40 and 60 years? Anyone who knows the principle of acceleration and parabola should understand that the initial speed of digital descent or object descent is often the slowest. Therefore, in the first twenty years, it dropped by 4%. How much will it fall in the second and third 20 years?

It is an indisputable fact that the proportion of Han population is decreasing. When the family planning policy was first implemented, the population structure of the Han nationality was the youngest and the number was the most dominant. Therefore, the proportion of Han population will only decline faster and faster in the future, just like a free fall. Even if the state adjusts its policy now, due to inertia, the proportion of Han population will continue to decline for a long time, at least below 75%.

Maybe some people think that the adjustment of population ratio is nothing. Aren't there many multinational countries in the world? But I don't think so. It is true that almost all countries in the world are multi-ethnic countries, but countries that do not have hidden dangers of ethnic division often have a main ethnic group as a support. Germans account for the vast majority of the German population, so the drastic changes in Eastern Europe will only reunify Germany, while the former socialist countries such as Poland, Hungary, Romania and Bulgaria will not be split because of the drastic changes in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, and the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia will be disintegrated because of the political upheaval. In my opinion, economic depression and political turmoil are only the fuse, while the relative approach of all ethnic groups and the great difference in national interest consciousness are the fundamental reasons for the division. Leaving aside Eastern Europe and poor countries, Britain (Northern Ireland, etc. ), France (Corsica), Spain (Basque, etc. ), Belgium (French-speaking group), Canada (French-speaking group) and other developed countries all have great separatist worries, which fully shows whether the ethnic composition of a country is relatively single, whether the ethnic minorities in a certain area are relatively concentrated, and whether the ethnic and ethnic concepts are strong is precisely whether this area can maintain lasting stability and unity. I don't know whether China's economy can remain stable forever, and I don't know to what extent the economic development of a region can kill the hidden worry of separation. So I know that trying to keep the proportion of ethnic groups relatively stable must be taking less unnecessary risks for the future of the country!

The imbalance of national proportion is an obvious and superficial danger, while strengthening national consciousness is a hidden and fundamental danger. National consciousness and national identity are the product of the rise of modern international society and the symbol of the formation of modern countries. Today's country is often called a nation-state, which shows that the nation has become an important factor in building the country and a potential factor inducing ethnic division and turmoil. As China's example, although the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia achieved federalism and national autonomy, they were doomed to split in the end. Therefore, I have always believed that federalism and national autonomy are indeed conducive to the stability and relative unity of the country in peacetime and economic development, but in the case of economic turmoil, social turmoil and the intensification of ethnic separatism, it is often easier to promote the division and disintegration of the country. Because, although national autonomy has given more rights and interests to all ethnic groups, it has actually played a role in dividing national interests, strengthening national consciousness and hindering national integration.

I am not a narrow nationalist, nor a narrow Han chauvinist. I sincerely hope that we/kloc-0.3 billion people can better build our country, but good wishes do not mean good results. China has carried out cognitive education for ethnic minorities with great fanfare, highlighting the differences between ethnic groups. As a result, it only invisibly strengthens the national consciousness of ethnic minorities and the gap between Han nationality and ethnic minorities in national identity. Clearly indicating the national identity of all ethnic groups, that is, helping all ethnic groups to continuously shape and deepen their national consciousness, has a great negative impact on national integration and shaping national cohesion. North Macedonians and Bosnians were once simply regarded as Serbs, but after the Yugoslav government gave Macedonians and Bosnians national identity, they finally had the possibility of choosing to split and become independent. On the contrary, Macedonians in Greece are regarded as Greeks, which largely eliminates the hidden danger of their separation and independence. This is the fundamental and main reason why Serbia is smaller than before World War I, Serbian Macedonians chose independence and Greek Macedonians eventually merged into the Greek nation. The vast majority of nationalities in the world are integrated, but today's national integration has become extremely difficult, which undoubtedly depends on the national identity given by society and the national identity of the group itself. National identity plays a key role in strengthening and weakening national identity. Therefore, the clearer the outline of national identity, the stronger the national consciousness and national identity of all ethnic groups will be. The reason why Xiongnu, Xianbei and Qidan can finally achieve national integration with the Central Plains depends largely on the convergence of lifestyle and the gradual weakening of national consciousness and identity.

Therefore, in my opinion, excessive national identity and excessive differentiation of relevant policies have actually brought us closer, not closer; Is to divide their respective interests and even national ideology; Is to turn the Ming family into two, or even become heterogeneous. More seriously, preferential policies can't help ethnic minorities to better integrate into China's national identity. However, the fact that the proportion of the Han people who have accepted this biased policy for a long time is likely to become more sensitive to related issues and develop more antagonistic national sentiments until it affects the shaping of the whole Chinese national identity.

Ouyang Xiu said: "Disasters are often accumulated in small amounts"; The Europeans said, "The Romans would not believe that the empire would collapse in an instant." Once there are many things wrong in the world, they may never be remedied. The Soviet Union, Yugoslavia and so on are all our lessons. If one day China's economy falls into stagnation or retrogression, and China's society falls into opposition and turmoil, who can guarantee that the so-called social contradictions will not eventually turn into ethnic contradictions? On the one hand, the elites of ethnic minorities trained in China are often instilled with more national consciousness by the state; On the other hand, the obviously differentiated ethnic policies and the ethnic identity differences cultivated by them can easily lead to the trend of separation of ethnic minorities when the country is in turmoil. After all, people change with the times. If one day there is economic turmoil and stagnation in Belgium and Britain, they are likely to eventually disintegrate.

In fact, many people are not ignorant of the substantial adjustment of ethnic proportion and the criticism of ethnic policies, just because the situation and influence are inconvenient to speak. However, hesitation, avoidance and laissez-faire will only make the problem more complicated and difficult. Therefore, I don't want to play dumb and let the problems accumulate endlessly. Because, if we don't adjust the policy now, it may be really more difficult to adjust it in the future, especially when the dominant ethnic groups lose their quantitative proportion, which is likely to cause more problems to gush out. Some people always like to simply compare immigrant countries, but the ethnic minorities in immigrant countries lack the local concept of regional ethnic groups, so the ethnic problems in China can never be equal to or similar to those in immigrant countries. Some people always like to observe the actions of foreign countries and the voices of neighboring countries and talk about anti-Japanese and anti-American, but what we should pay most attention to is often what is inside the wall. External factors play a role through internal factors. I can only say that ethnic issues are even more so.

Here are some superficial suggestions that are not yet mature:

1. Cancel or suspend the policy of extra points for all exams (for some outstanding aspects of the admission school, such as special students, the extra points will be changed to lower scores. If the policy of extra points for ethnic minorities is to take care of those economically backward remote areas, then why do ethnic minorities in Beijing (mostly descendants of mixed marriages) also enjoy extra points? Shouldn't Han students in poor areas get extra points? If we must protect remote and backward areas, we should give extra points according to specific areas, such as changing policies to give extra points to students in national poverty-stricken counties (various extra points policies should not be encouraged and exist). Moreover, it is relatively easy to cancel the bonus policy for ethnic minorities and other bonus policies.

2. Gradually implement the second or third child system (now that the population structure has changed, even if the second child system is implemented, it will not affect the growth of many people-in the long run), and it can also be treated differently according to urban and rural differences, rather than ethnic differences. Since we are all from China, we should enjoy the same reproductive rights. This unequal ethnic policy will inevitably lead to incalculable consequences in the future while artificially changing the proportion of ethnic population and redistributing it.

3. Less mention of multi-ethnic countries, more mention of the Chinese nation in education, less exaggeration of different national cultures, and emphasis and strengthening of national concepts and national consciousness. We should emphasize the patriotism of the state before the local, and downplay all the concepts of small regions, including ethnic factors.

4, (relatively direct, need to be carefully considered) gradually homogenized, in the household registration book (which can be changed at the same time as the household registration system), the identity card does not write ethnic identity, and does not distinguish (which can be implemented step by step). All Muslim canteens were renamed Muslim canteens, and a policy of equality for all was introduced. In the end, people are only allowed to have differences in language and religious beliefs, not racial differences.

The above contents are concrete measures to dilute national consciousness. Although it may not be perfect and complete, it is bound to be the direction of national ethnic policy adjustment in the future. Because the stability of the country must rely on the desalination of national consciousness, and the desalination of national consciousness must rely on the unification of national policies.

In my opinion, national integration is better than always trembling to maintain their respective relations and coordinate their respective interests. I also believe that the symbol of national integration is not simple contact and getting along. I also believe that the road to national integration cannot be completely paved by these differentiated policies. Because the essence of national integration is the recognition of national consciousness and national identity. National consciousness determines national identity, and national identity reacts on national consciousness. Only with national integration can our country be more stable and our people be more United. Like the drastic changes in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, all countries with complex ethnic composition, relatively close numbers and vigorously clamoring for ethnic autonomy eventually split, while countries with relatively single ethnic composition did not split even if there was turmoil. I mean no harm, but no one can guarantee that peace and development in China will always be smooth sailing. It is precisely because of this that I am worried that the ethnic policy of our country is related to the fundamental interests of all China people, including nearly 200 million ethnic minorities!