The composition about Ankang Handiao Erhuang is urgent, urgent, shorter, about 350~400 words!

Although there is a lot of introduction, this is the Roche version.

Handiao Erhuang is a comprehensive performing art that integrates singing, chanting, acting, fighting, and dancing. It uses programmed performance methods to narrate storylines, depict characters, and express "happiness, anger, Emotions such as sadness and joy. Characters can be divided into loyal and traitorous, beautiful and ugly, good and evil. Each image is distinct and lifelike. Popular in the Han River area, it is a large-scale opera in Shaanxi second only to Qin Opera. On May 20, 2006, it was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage lists.

Historical evolution

Han Diao Erhuang is a traditional Chinese opera tune in the middle and middle Qin Dynasties, so it is called West Qin Opera, Xiqu, Erhuang, etc. It originated in the ancient capital of Chang'an. It was introduced to the Han River area in the late Ming Dynasty. According to county records: In the early Qing Dynasty (1662--1735), many temples and theaters were built in Ankang, Shiquan, Ziyang, Xunyang and other counties, and there were activities such as "acting" and "entertainment and competition". During the more than a hundred years from Qianlong to Daoguang (1736--1850), a large number of immigrants from other provinces poured into southern Shaanxi. Xing'an Prefecture and County "farmers and merchants gathered together, worshiped in the day, offered spring sacrifices in autumn, performed in the pear garden, and entertained gods and people." . There are more and more temple fair performances throughout the year. The existing theaters and terraces were insufficient for use, and more than a hundred temple theaters and guild hall theaters were built one after another. The exquisite scale shows the local economic level and the strong financial resources of business gangs from other provinces. Integrating sacrifices, watching dramas, and market trade, thousands of people flock to it and it has become a common practice. It lasted until after liberation, with talents emerging in large numbers and outstanding achievements in every period.

The following forces played a decisive role in the spread of Ankang Handiao Erhuang:

In the middle of Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty (1805), the Haoping River in Ziyang County was flat and the land was fertile. The tea, mulberry and oil pressing industries are booming, and the agricultural trade is booming. The Yang family moved to Haoping from Ruhe, Ziyang County, and became the richest man in Haoping. Brothers Jingtai and Lutai, the sixth generation of the Yang family, loved opera and opera. They recruited students nearby, invited famous teachers from outside to teach apprentices, built a theater building in the courtyard, and purchased opera costumes. Later, he supported his adopted son Yang Jinnian in setting up two subject classes, "Hong" and "Lai". In the next 150 years, "Yong", "Qing", "Chang", "Fu", "Tian", "Nine", "Xie", "An", "Rong", "Xu", "Yu", The "win" and other characters school classes continued until after liberation.

After 60 years of running classes in Haopinghe, around the tenth year of Xianfeng in the Qing Dynasty (1860), Fan Renbao, a famous actor from Hubei, led the "Xiangrui Class" westward to Ankang, where he first started at the Sanyi Temple in the city (today's Hanbin High school) set up a performance show. The class has a complete range of skills and a strong lineup. After running "Rui", "Cai", "Fang", "Sheng" and other majors for many years, they were active in various parts of the Han River Basin in southern Shaanxi. It played a decisive role in the formation, popularization and spread of Han Diao Erhuang of the Ankang (Zhonglu) school. At this time, banshes in the Han River Basin in southern Shaanxi were springing up like bamboo shoots everywhere.

In 1920, the two ban clubs established in Ankang City played a great role in continuing the Han Diao Erhuang. The first is the "Erhuang Tongxin Society" founded by Ankang artist Ling Chengyou, which opened a business park in Ankang Luban Temple. The second is the "Xiguan Erhuang Self-Entertainment Club" established by Li Hongyou and Huang Dangxing artist foremen in the urban area, which performed at the Hanjiang Tea House (now Xinhua Bookstore). Liangban club artists gathered together and performed a variety of performances.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the government's support for Han Diao Erhuang once again changed its destiny. In December 1950, the county people's government sent cultural center cadres Yang Mingcan and Zhang Qianshou to assist in reorganizing the literary and art groups. In order to strengthen their strength, they merged the "Erhuang Tongxin Society" and the "Xiguan Erhuang Ziyue Society" to establish the Ankang People's Theater. In 1952, the provincial government allocated funds to support the cause of Ankang Han Diao Erhuang, and the People's Theater was under the exclusive leadership of the agency. New literary and artistic workers such as Yang Mingcan, Wang Daozhong, Huang Xianming, Yu Shuqi, and Yu Zhuping were sent to the academy to carry out the democratic reform movement of "reforming people, reforming systems, and reforming dramas". Literacy campaigns were carried out, and personnel were organized to record the scripts and singing tunes that had been passed down orally for hundreds of years in the form of written music scores, and artists were organized to learn cultural knowledge. With the cultivation of knowledge, the artists of the old era became new types of literary and artistic workers. He has created and rehearsed many new plays adapted to the new society, and has won many provincial awards, receiving great attention from leaders at all levels. On March 17, 1956, Ankang People's Theater was approved as a state-owned theater troupe by the Provincial Department of Culture. The "People's Theater" applied to change its name to "Ankang Han Opera Troupe".

At the same time, some prefecture and county governments across the province have summoned separated artists to set up a number of professional Han opera troupes in Shangluo, Hanzhong, Xi'an, Chengyang and other places. Counties in Ankang also organized artists to establish Han opera troupes, and recruited young apprentices to learn from them. The Provincial Drama School established a special Han Opera class in 1959. After graduating in 1964, these students were assigned to work in the Ankang Han Opera Troupe. Since then, the Ankang Han Opera industry has a complete range of industries, talents, and a large cast. Performed many classic plays. During the "Cultural Revolution", many performing groups across the province were affected and almost lost everything. After the "Gang of Four" was overthrown, a number of professional theater troupes were restored in Ankang, Hanzhong and Shangluo, which once again revived Han Diao Erhuang.

From the liberation of Ankang City to the 1990s, more than 730 plays were performed, including 473 traditional plays, 168 modern plays, and 89 operas and dramas. 165 people won various national, provincial and municipal awards. There are more than 1,000 employees.

Due to the Ankang government's consistent support for Han Diao Erhuang and the artistic efforts of managers represented by Wang Daozhong, the results achieved surpassed other Han Diao Erhuang troupes in the province, making Ankang Han Opera Troupe unique and renowned. The whole province.

After the reform and opening up, we entered the market economy. Under the impact of modern media, Han Diao Erhuang has fallen into another trough, and most theater troupes have disbanded. At present, Ankang Han Opera Troupe is the only remaining professional Han Diao Erhuang troupe in the province.

In 2011, the Municipal Party Committee put forward the slogan of "Revitalizing Han Opera", and this ancient art will once again usher in new development opportunities.

The artistic characteristics of Han Diao Erhuang

The art of Han Diao Erhuang is divided into five categories: script, performance, music, makeup, costumes and props.

The repertoire of Han Diao Erhuang is rich and colorful. According to a survey in 1960, there were 1,032 Han opera repertoires. 662 copies have been copied. It is known as "Three Thousand Years of Tang Dynasty, Eight Hundred Years of Song Dynasty, and Countless Field History Biography".

The Han Diao Erhuang performance is divided into ten major categories: Yi Mo, Er Jing, San Sheng, Si Dan, Wu Chou, Liu Wai, Qi Xiao, Ba Tie, Jiu Lao and Shi Za. Each line has independent hands, eyes, body, method, steps and singing, chanting, doing and performing exercises.

Music is an important symbol of the difference between opera types. Academic circles believe that the Erhuang tune of Han Diao has an origin relationship with the quintessence of Peking Opera, and their tunes are very similar. Handiao Erhuang belongs to the Pihuangqiang family. The main vocal tunes are "Xipi" and "Erhuang", with Fuerhuang and Siping as auxiliary musical materials. He also sings some local tunes. Erhuang singing style of Han Diao belongs to Ban style. Its tunes are simple and elegant, with low and gentle melody, ups and downs, priorities, clear and accurate words, and correct words.

Han Tiao Erhuang’s makeup (including facial makeup) is a special makeup method with very ethnic characteristics. Different characters wear different makeup. Every historical figure or a certain type of figure has a general musical pattern. Facial makeup is a specialized art and is recognized by the world as one of the symbols of national culture. There are more than ten types of facial makeup outlines: three-tile face, cross face, hanging face, wheat face, rotating face, leopard face, yin-yang face, etc. The facial makeup often contains animals, plants, stars, weapons, words, flower patterns and religious symbols.

Costumes are the costumes worn by various characters on stage. Including: (costumes, shoes, hats), etc. Props are also called outfield. Various combat weapons, daily necessities, vehicles, torture instruments, etc.

In addition, singing method and dialogue are also very important. The Dan horn uses the falsetto (small voice), the other horns use the original voice, the Mo and Lao use the Cang voice, the clean and external use the "tiger voice", the raw voice uses the straight voice, and the Chou and Xiao use the sharp voice (thin voice). The Han tune Erhuang Daobai and the rhythm and pronunciation of the singing adopt Huguang dialect and Zhongzhou dialect (now commonly known as the urban dialect of Ziyang County). Pay attention to priorities, rhythm, and correct words. Articulation pays attention to the combination of initials and finals, requiring natural transitions at the beginning, abdomen, and end of words. Singing must follow the "four calls" and "five notes" method, and the accuracy of the location is also required.

The formation period of Han Diao Erhuang music is very long. She was a major revolution in the music form of Qupai couplet opera represented by Kun Opera before the Ming Dynasty. In the history of the development of Chinese drama, Han Diao Erhuang has made special contributions to the formation of Peking Opera, and has had varying degrees of influence on local dramas such as Sichuan Opera, Gui Opera, Hunan Opera, Gan Opera, Wuhan Han Opera, and Guangdong Han Opera. Mr. Hao Wenshou's article "On the Origin of Peking Opera Tune from Shaanxi" improved the artistic value of Han opera and expanded its scope of influence. Make an important contribution to becoming a national protection project.

Since the 1950s, Ankang Han Opera Troupe has carried out a lot of excavation, sorting and standardization of Han Diao Erhuang. The continuous efforts of several generations have enabled Han Diao Erhuang to continue to explore on the road of inheritance and innovation. At the same time, many famous actors, directors, composers, playwrights, luthiers, drummers, famous stage artists, etc. have emerged. Han Diao Erhuang pays attention to front and backstage, precise division of labor, and knowledge in practice. It is an art that requires the cooperation of colleagues. Thanks to government support and the efforts of many people in the art world, this ancient art continues to this day.

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