Democratic Party, Republican Party and Federalist Party in the United States

[ edit this paragraph] ① Democratic Party of the United States

The Democratic Party of the United States is one of the two major political parties in the United States. It was founded in 1791, then called the * * * and the Party. In 1794, it was renamed the Democratic * * and the Party, also known as the anti-federal party. Later, the party split. The Jackson School founded the Democratic Party in 1828. In 184, the party held the third national congress, officially named the Democratic Party, and adopted the party program for the first time.

It is worth mentioning that the Democratic Party of the United States has no fixed party member, and its membership is free. The total number of party member is calculated according to the voting results of the party's presidential candidates. The Democratic Party of the United States takes the donkey as its emblem, so its competition with the * * * and the Party marked by the elephant is called "the battle between the donkey and the elephant". The color of the Democratic Party is blue, and the symbol of the Party is donkey.

[ Edit this paragraph] ☆ History of the Democratic Party

From 1833 to 1856, the Democratic Party of the United States was mainly opposed to the Whigs. After 1856, its main rivals were * * * and the Party. During the Civil War, the Democratic Party advocated compromise with the slave south and was conservative. However, in the 2th century, the Harmony Party was transformed into a conservative party, while the Democratic Party represented liberal ideas.

The Democratic Party of the United States holds a national congress every four years to determine its presidential and vice presidential candidates and formulate its campaign platform. In 1831, the party's first national congress was held to elect candidates for president and vice president. This is also the first national congress of a party in American history. In 184, the party held the third national congress, officially named the Democratic Party, and adopted the party program for the first time, with only about 1, words. However, the party program is not fixed, and it is based on the political program of the party's presidential candidate. Later, sometimes the party's program was as long as 4 thousand words, 4 times as long as the original one, which showed that it was lengthy.

The United States * * * and the Party

*** and the Party are one of the two main political parties in the United States, which is also called the Grand Old Party. * * * and the party's party color is red, and the symbol is elephant.

History

*** and the Party was founded in 1854. It was originally composed of anti-slavery figures from the American Democratic Party and the American Whig Party, and received a lot of support. In 186, abraham lincoln was elected president, defeated the Confederacy in the Civil War and abolished slavery. After the Civil War, due to the split of the Democratic Party, the Republicans began to be elected presidents for a long time, and andrew johnson, ulysses simpson grant, rutherford B Hayes, james garfield and Chester Alan Arthur continued to serve as presidents after the Civil War. In 1897, william mckinley, the Communist Party of China, became president and aggressively invaded and expanded abroad, which led the United States into an imperialist period. During this period, theodore roosevelt, william howard taft, Warren G Harding, johncalvin coolidge and herbert hoover successively became presidents. The economic crisis in the 192s and 193s in the United States could not be solved because of laissez-faire adopted by the Communist Party of China and the Communist Party of China. After franklin roosevelt, the Democratic Party, was elected, * * * and the Party were out of office for 2 years. After the election of Eisenhower, the Republican Party, the United States entered a period in which the two parties took turns to govern. Nixon, Reagan and George H.W. Bush successively served as presidents.

George H.W. Bush was elected president in 1988, but he was not re-elected because of the Persian Gulf War and the burden of the 12-year ruling of the Democratic Party.

Since 1994, the Republican Party has controlled the House of Representatives of the United States. Although it has been seesaw with the Democratic Party in the Senate, it finally controls the Senate.

In 2, George W. Bush, the son of George H.W. Bush, ran for the presidency on behalf of * * * and the Party. He lagged behind the Democratic Party in the general election, but won with electoral votes. In 24, George W. Bush was re-elected.

Now, the Republican Party has become the representative of conservative forces in the United States, with George W. Bush as president, opposing abortion, same-sex marriage and stem cell research, advocating tax cuts and strengthening military defense forces to eliminate countries suspected of supporting terrorism, as evidenced by attacking Afghanistan and Iraq.

[ Edit this paragraph] The current ideology

* * and the party are composed of many different informal factions, and these factions often overlap with each other, but they may not necessarily agree with each other's positions. For example, there are fiscal conservatism, evangelical, social conservative, libertarian, ancient conservative, neo-conservative, moderate in the middle (sometimes called "* * * with only titles"-republic in name only) and "log cabin * * and party" who support LGBT rights.

compared with the democratic party, * * * and the party tend to be conservative in social issues, and are close to libertarianism in economy, and have close relations with wall street (large enterprises) and commercial streets (small businesses in the region), but rarely get the support of trade unions. * * * and the party support lower taxes, advocate limiting the size of the government on economic issues, and support commercial development; On some social issues, such as abortion, the CPC supports government intervention. However, the schools in the south reflect the religious ideas of evangelicals and fundamentalists, paying less attention to economic issues, but paying more attention to moral issues and opposing abortion and homosexuality. However, there are also solid evangelical sects and party forces in the western United States, and in fact, economic libertarianism and social conservatism are not necessarily mutually exclusive, and they often overlap with each other in the * * * and the party.

[ Edit this paragraph] Economic policy

*** and the Party emphasize the importance of private enterprises and individuals' decision-making in promoting economic prosperity. They support a business-friendly free market policy and economic liberalism, and limit the size and control of the government. However, in recent years, some people have also pointed out the high budget deficit in the United States in 26, and criticized that the CPC is no longer a financially conservative party.

At present, the economic theory held by most Republicans is Reagan Economics put forward by ronald wilson reagan. This theory holds that reducing the income tax rate will increase GDP growth, and the extra growth will therefore bring more extra revenue to the government. This theory is also reflected in the long-term support of * * * and the Party for tax reduction, which has been the main political view of * * * and the Party since the 192s. Republicans believe that a series of tax cuts since 21 have promoted the economic development of the United States. Many Republicans also believe that income tax is doomed to be inefficient, and they also oppose the hierarchical tax system, believing that it is a system that robs the rich and helps the poor and unfairly punishes those who create more job opportunities and wealth.

Republicans agree that there should be a "safety net" to help the poorer population; However, the policies they support are usually less expensive, more dependent on private fundraising, and have stricter restrictions on participation qualifications. * * * Republicans strongly supported the welfare system reform in 1996, which raised the eligibility threshold for receiving welfare system subsidies and successfully made many people who used to rely on welfare subsidies start looking for jobs.

*** The CPC opposes a national health insurance system dominated only by the government, such as those in Canada and most European countries, and advocates a health insurance system based on current individuals or employers, and only provides medical insurance for the elderly and Medicaid for the poor. * * * and the party's attitude towards the welfare system, medical insurance and Medicaid programs are not consistent in history. All these programs have been opposed or supported by the party. Republicans in Congress and the Bush administration support reducing the growth rate of Medicaid. On the other hand, Republicans in Congress also support expanding medical insurance and providing a new batch of drug subsidy programs for the elderly from 26. * * * The Republican Party usually opposes trade unions and supports the promulgation of many laws and regulations at the local, state and federal levels that are unfavorable to the formation of trade unions. * * * and the party usually oppose the increase of the minimum wage, thinking that the minimum wage system will only increase the unemployment rate and reduce the profits of businesses.

[ Edit this paragraph] Social policy

Most Republicans are against abortion, against legalizing same-sex marriage, and support "faith-based action". They support the reduction of welfare system subsidies and oppose the employment quota imposed by the government to eliminate discrimination, but they are divided on whether to support affirmative action policies to avoid discrimination against women and ethnic minorities. Most members of the Communist Party of China support the death penalty and other stricter punishment measures, and the Communist Party of China usually strongly supports the right to buy, sell and own firearms.

Most Republicans support increasing students' and parents' freedom to choose schools through the voucher system and the permit school system. Many people also strongly condemn the public school system and teachers' unions. The CPC also demands that the existing public school system must be more responsible. The recent "No Child Left Behind" bill promulgated in 21 is one example.

*** and religious factions within the party usually support the organization of routine prayers in public schools, and insist that creationism or intelligent design should be taught as well as evolution. Although Republicans voted to increase government subsidies for scientific research, many Republicans actively opposed federal subsidies for fetal stem cell research because they thought it would collect and destroy human embryos. Others support subsidizing adult-only stem cell research.

[ Edit this paragraph] Foreign policy

After the September 11th attacks, the CPC supported neoconservative policies in the war on terrorism, including the invasion of Afghanistan in 21 and Iraq in 23, and tried to spread democracy in the Middle East and the world. The Bush administration believes that "illegal combatants" in Iraq do not belong to the scope of protection of the Geneva Conventions, and maintains that the Geneva Conventions only protect the military personnel of sovereign countries, and do not apply to terrorists of terrorist organizations such as Al Qaeda.

*** The CPC also supports the internal reform of the United Nations to avoid the recurrence of corruption similar to the oil-for-food program. * * * The Republican Party opposes the signing of the Kyoto Protocol, arguing that the agreement will only harm the American economy, and it will not be able to bind China and other countries that contribute a lot to global warming. The Republican Party strongly supports free trade agreements, especially the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the Central American Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA). At present, the Republican Party is also trying to further reach free trade agreements with South American countries such as Brazil, Peru and Colombia.

*** and the party have major differences on how to deal with illegal immigrants, especially for Hispanics. The Bush administration has made dealing with Hispanic issues its first political goal, but many local party departments and departments have not paid attention to this issue. On the whole, * * * and business groups within the party welcome more immigrants, because that means more cheap workers can be hired; The social conservative factions are opposed to it. In 26, the White House supported a complete immigration reform bill passed by the Senate, which enabled millions of illegal immigrants to finally obtain citizenship, but the House of Representatives did not accept it. Although this issue became one of the main concerns in the 26 election, polls show that voters still pay more attention to the general issues of economy, political corruption, the Iraq war and terrorism.

[ Edit this paragraph] Vote basis

Business groups: * * * and the Party are supported by business groups of all levels, including "Commercial Street" (small businesses in the region) and "Wall Street" (large enterprises).

region: since 198, the geographical "base areas" of * * * and the Party have been in the southern and western parts of the United States, while the support in the northeastern and Pacific coastal areas is weak. In fact, * * * and the Party did well in the governor election in the northeast, but did poorly in the presidential election (except New Hampshire). The two parties have been evenly matched in the midwest since 1854, but since 199, Illinois has gradually favored the Democratic Party, while Minnesota and Wisconsin have favored the Republican Party. Since the 193s, the Democratic Party has controlled most metropolitan areas, while the Republican Party has controlled rural areas and most suburbs.

Since 198, the south has been an important center of the * * * and the Party in the presidential election, and it is gradually inclined to the * * * and the Party in the state-level elections. In 24, Bush won 7% support among southern whites, Kelly only got 3%, and southern whites accounted for 71% of the overall southern voters. Among blacks or Hispanics, the situation is reversed, with Kelly getting 7% and Bush getting only 3%. One-third of these southern voters claimed that they belonged to the Evangelical Sect, and 8% of them voted for * * * and the Party, but in 26, the number dropped slightly to 72%.

Conservatives and moderates: The party structure is quite diverse, and many factions compete with each other for political views and nomination of candidates. The so-called "conservatives" are the most in the south, mainly from supporters of religious conservatism. The "moderates" came from Northeast New England, and their influence had spread all over the country before. From the 194s to the 197s, these moderates and partisans were represented by thomas dewey, dwight eisenhower, Richard Nixon, nelson rockefeller and others. They usually dominated the presidential faction within the party, and they were often called "Rockefeller * * * and partisans". Compared with other Republicans, moderates are more likely to accept the policies of the New Deal, including government regulation and welfare, and they also support maintaining high taxes in economic policy to maintain a balanced budget. Since the 197s, the influence of moderates and Republicans has gradually declined, but they still occupy certain positions in the cabinet of * * * and the party president. Until 26, polls for the 28 election showed that the top three candidates supported by the public were condoleezza rice, Rudy Giuliani and John McCain, mainly because of their independent positions. More conservative Republicans such as Sam Brownback and newt gingrich lag behind in the polls, rarely reaching 1% support.

organizational structure

*** and the Party National Committee are responsible for organizing and coordinating * * * and the Party's campaign activities and promoting * * * and the Party's policies. When the president is a party member, the chairman of RNC is appointed by the president himself, and when the president and the party are in opposition, it is elected by the state party departments everywhere. President george walker bush appointed Ken Melman as the chairman of the National Committee in January 25. In the presidential election, the National Committee is responsible for supervising the process of the National Congress, including fund-raising and the coordination of election strategies. There are also similar committees in the party departments of various States and major cities, counties and administrative regions, but the scale is smaller than that of the National Committee.

*** The CPC has powerful fund-raising and election strategy committees in both the House of Representatives and the Senate. * * * and the National Committee of the Party House of Representatives