Research report on the history of the surname Xue

Xue (Xuē), a Chinese surname, ranks 68th among the 100 surnames.

Origin of the surname

The origin of the surname Xue (Xuē) There are three:

1. It comes from the surname Ren. It is the surname of the country after Sun Xizhong, the 12th son of Yuyang, the son of the Yellow Emperor. According to legend, the Yellow Emperor had twenty-five sons, each with twelve surnames. One of them, named Yuyang, was granted the title of Ren (approximately today's Jining, Shandong Province) and received the surname Ren. According to the "New Book of Tang: Genealogy List of Prime Ministers" and "General Chronicles: Clan Briefing", Yu Yang, the son of the Yellow Emperor, was granted the title of Ren, and his twelfth generation grandson Xizhong was appointed Xia Chezheng. Xuecheng), the descendants of later generations took the country as their surname. He once moved to Pi (now northwest of Weishan, Shandong Province). Sun Zhonghui, the twelfth generation of Xi Zhong, served as left prime minister during the Tang Dynasty of Shang Dynasty and returned to Xue. His descendant, Sun Cheng, moved to Zhi, and was renamed Zhi. At the end of the Shang Dynasty, Zhou Boji Li married Tairen, the daughter of Zhiguo, and gave birth to Ji Chang, who was King Wen of Zhou. After King Wu of Zhou destroyed the Shang Dynasty, he named Cheng's descendants the Marquis of Xue. In the late Spring and Autumn Period, Xue Guo moved again to Xiapi (now southwest of Pi County, Jiangsu Province). The state of Xue lived in the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties for the sixty-fourth generation. During the Warring States period, it was destroyed by the state of Qi. The son became an official in the state of Chu, so he took the name of the country as his surname.

2. It comes from the surname Gui, and was named after Mengchangjun (Tian Wen), a descendant of Yushun and Shun. According to "Wu Lu", Lord Mengchang was one of the famous "Four Young Masters of the Warring States Period". His father, Tian Ying, Prime Minister of Qi, was granted the title of Xue by King Qi Min (that is, the old place of Ren surnamed Xue State). After Tian Ying's death, Tian Wen took the title. , Xue is still the food town. By the time of the Qin Dynasty, the six kingdoms were destroyed, their titles were lost, and their descendants were scattered. At the beginning of the Western Han Dynasty, Tian Wen's grandsons Tian Guo and Tian Ling came to live in Zhuyi (today's north of Su County, Anhui Province) and were granted the title of Mingshi in the city, so they became the Xue family.

3. Derived from another surname or a surname changed by another clan:

① According to "Book of Wei·Guan Shi Zhi", after Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty moved the capital to Luoyang, he compounded the surname of Xianbei Chi Qian changed his surname to Xue.

② Descendants from the Feng family of King Wen of Zhou Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, there was Xue Huaiyi, whose surname was Feng.

③ According to "Tongzhi Clan Briefing", there is a surname of Xue in western Liaoning.

④ Today the Manchu, Mongolian, Tujia and Korean people have this surname.

The ancestor who got the surname: Xi Zhong. The surname Xue comes from the surname Ren of Huangdi. Huangdi had twenty-five sons, each with twelve surnames. One of them, named Yuyang, got the surname Ren because he was granted the title of Ren (now Jining City, Shandong Province). The surname Ren was passed down to the twelfth generation grandson Xizhong. Xi Zhong served as Cha Zheng during the reign of Xia Yu and was the creator of Cha. He lived in Xue and was called Marquis of Xue. Later, the seventh generation grandson of the ancestor said that he was successful, and the whole country moved to Zhi, and the name was changed to Zhiguo. At the end of the Shang Dynasty, Zhou Boji Li married Da Ren, a daughter of Zhiguo, and gave birth to a son, Ji Chang, who later became King Wen of Zhou. When King Wu conquered Shang, he was restored to the title of Marquis of Xue. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Duke Huan of Qi dominated the princes, but Marquis Xue refused and was deposed as an earl. In the late Spring and Autumn Period, Mr. Xue became an official in the State of Chu. The people of Xue moved to Xiapi (now Pizhou, Jiangsu Province). King Huai of Chu granted him the land to live in. Xue Guo lived in Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties for sixty-four generations. During the Warring States Period, the country was destroyed, and its descendants took the country as their surname and called it Xue. They respected Xi Zhong as the ancestor of the Xue surname.

Migration Distribution

Qin and Han Dynasties: The Xue family has made great progress since acquiring the surname in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Shandong is the birthplace of the Xue family. It is located in the eastern part of the Central Plains. The Xue family spread from Shandong to the surrounding areas. The area of ??activity was roughly in the states of Zhao, Song, Chu, Qi, and Qin, which is equivalent to today's Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, and Henan. , Hebei, Shaanxi, and parts of Shandong.

2. Wei, Jin, and Northern and Southern Dynasties: During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the Xue family showed a momentum of all-round development. The Xue family has spread throughout the Huanghuai River Basin in the north, and a large part of it is concentrated in Shanxi and Henan today. , Shandong, northern Anhui and other places, and formed the main breeding center of the Xue family.

3. Sui and Tang Dynasties: During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the Xue family not only continued to develop in the middle and lower reaches of the Huanghuai River Basin, but also became popular in northwest China. During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the Xue family spread mainly along the route from east to northwest. During the Three Kingdoms period, there was Xue Xia from Tianshui (now Tianshui, Gansu) in the Wei Dynasty, which shows that the Xue people were already living in today's Gansu Province at this time. By the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the Xue family in Gansu Province had become powerful.

By the Tang Dynasty, the Xue family had reached unprecedented prosperity. Xue's commandery has been fully formed. The political center of the Tang Dynasty was Chang'an (today's Xi'an, Shaanxi Province). Because most of the Xue family members served as officials in the court, a large number of Xue family members moved to Guanzhong. The Guanzhong area in today's Shaanxi Province became an important breeding ground for the Xue family, and thus ranked among the Guanzhong people. Prominent family. Wu Zetian's daughter Princess Taiping married Xue Shao, who originated from the Xue family in Hedong. This was not only a favor, but also the Tang Dynasty's win over the Xue family. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, some of the Xue family from Henan entered Fujian with Wang Chao and Wang Shenzhi.

4. Song, Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties:

During the Five Dynasties, there was Xue Huairang, whose ancestors were Rong people, which shows that he joined the Xue family from ethnic minorities. He was brave since he was a child. He served as a military officer during the reign of Emperor Zhuangzong of the Later Tang Dynasty, and during the reign of Emperor Mingzong of the Tang Dynasty, he served as the capital school of Shenwuxiang and the governor of the state. In the later Jin Dynasty, he successively served as the training envoy of the Suzhou regiment. During the Later Han Dynasty, he served as an envoy of the Anguo Army and later moved to Tongzhou. In the later Zhou Dynasty, he was given the title of Tongping Zhangshi and was appointed as the General of Zuotunwei and the General of Zuowuwei.

After the establishment of the Song Dynasty, the country was reunified and the people were able to live a relatively stable and stable life. During this period, the Xue family was scattered throughout the country and developed relatively steadily. Among them, the Xue Juzheng family was more prominent in the early Northern Song Dynasty.

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the Xue family grew in size and its people spread all over the country. Especially the migration to the south progressed faster and became larger. Since the Southern Song Dynasty, the Xue family in Fujian has branched out into Haiyang, Wuhua, Xingning, Meizhou and other branches in Guangdong. In the Yuan Dynasty, Xue Xin moved from Ninghua to Pingyuan, Guangdong, and later from Pingyuan to Chengxiang (now Chengxiang, Fujian). As a family with a long history and glorious deeds, the Xue family during this period were not inferior to their ancestors and were active on the stage of history with colorful images.

Since the Southern Song Dynasty, the Xue family in Fujian has branched out into Haiyang, Wuhua, Xingning, Meizhou and other branches in Guangdong.

Since the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, the Xue family from Fujian and Guangdong have successively moved in, and since then some have spread overseas.

5. Moving to Taiwan:

Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the Xue family from the southeastern coast has moved into Taiwan sporadically. During the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, troops were sent to attack the Zheng family's regime in Taiwan, and then they stationed troops in Taiwan and established prefectures and counties. At that time, Taiwan was a sparsely populated and fertile land, which was very attractive to the residents of Fujian and Guangdong, which had a narrow and densely populated area. Therefore, people from Fujian and Guangdong came to Taiwan to colonize, including people of the Xue family. Around 1710 AD, there was a man named Xue Da who entered Dongbao to hunt and hunt. There was also a Cantonese man named Xue Changgui who settled in Tamsui. During the Qianlong period, Xue Junlong came from Guangdong to Da Tao Village in Taoyuan to cultivate land, and Xue Huamei from Guangdong settled in Dongshi Town in Taichung County. In modern times, especially after the Treaty of Shimonoseki between China and Japan in 1895, the relationship between the mainland and Taiwan was interrupted for fifty years. It was not until Japan surrendered in August 1945 that Taiwan returned to the embrace of the motherland. During this period, very few of the Xue family immigrated to Taiwan. After the Kuomintang regime retreated to Taiwan in 1949, a large number of people from the party, government, military, science, education, and culture moved to Taiwan from the mainland. Among them were many Xue people, such as senior Kuomintang general Xue Yue and senior newspaperman Xue Yue. Xinrong et al.

6. Migrating overseas:

At the same time that the Xue people moved to Taiwan in the Qing Dynasty, some people also began to cross the ocean and migrate to Southeast Asia and other places, becoming local overseas Chinese. In modern times, due to the abolition of world slavery, European and American countries and their colonies were in urgent need of a large number of cheap labor. At this time, the Qing government was also in a volatile political situation and was in urgent need of foreign exchange to make up for its huge trade deficit. For example, in the 10th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty (1886 AD), Zhang Zhidong, the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, reported that remittances totaling 20 million silver dollars (14 million taels of silver) were needed every year, which was equivalent to 65% of the annual tariff revenue in the late Guangxu period. , so it not only lifted the maritime ban in the early Qing Dynasty, but also vigorously encouraged Chinese to work abroad. This greatly stimulated China's enthusiasm for immigrating overseas and further expanded the number of overseas Chinese. According to incomplete statistics, by the end of Guangxu's reign, there were more than four million overseas Chinese and ethnic Chinese around the world, including a large number of Xue clan members.

Today, the Xue clan has spread all over the country, mostly in Jiangsu, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Hebei, Fujian and other provinces. The Xue clan in these areas account for 63% of the Han Xue clan population in the country. %. Xue is the 48th most common surname in China today, with a population of about 6.72 million, accounting for 0.42% of the country's population.