Humanistic history of Ningde, Fujian Province

It is named after Fuzhou and Jianzhou, and both cities take their initials.

After the Zhou Dynasty, the names of water and soil in this area changed.

In the 21st year of Kaiyuan in Tang Dynasty (733), Fujian began to appear.

Fujian, referred to as Doumin, is the capital of Fuzhou.

Located on the southeast coast of China, it is adjacent to Zhejiang Province in the northeast, Jiangxi Province in the west and northwest, Guangdong Province in the southwest and Taiwan Province Province across the Taiwan Province Strait in the east.

The longest is 530 kilometers from north to south and the widest is 480 kilometers from east to west.

Fujian Province now governs 9 prefecture-level cities, namely Fuzhou, Putian, Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Longyan, Sanming, Nanping and Ningde, and 1 Pingtan Comprehensive Experimental Zone.

The geographical feature of Fujian is that it is surrounded by mountains and seas, and 90% of its land area is mountainous and hilly, which is called "Ba Dou Mountain, One Water and One Field".

Fujian's forest coverage rate reached 65.95%, ranking first in the country.

Fujian's coastline is the second in the country, with twists and turns, and the length of land coastline is 375 1.5km.

Fujian is dominated by coastal erosion, with many islands scattered all over the country, including 1500 islands. Haitan Island is now the largest island in the province.

In addition, because Fujian is located in the transportation hub of the East China Sea and the South China Sea, it can reach South Asia, West Asia and East Africa by sea. It is the starting point of the Maritime Silk Road and Zheng He's voyage to the West in history, and also the distribution center of maritime commerce. Different from other places in China, Fujian coastal civilization is marine civilization, while the Hakka area in mainland China is agricultural civilization.

The characteristics of being surrounded by mountains and seas have also created rich tourism resources in Fujian. In addition to natural scenery such as Gulangyu, Wuyishan, Taining, Qingyuan Mountain, Baishuiyang and Taimu Mountain, there are also cultural landscapes such as Tulou, Anping Bridge, Sanfangqixiang.

The ethnic composition of Fujian is relatively simple, with the Han nationality accounting for 97.84% of the total population, the She nationality as the most important minority, accounting for 1% of the total population, and a small number of * * *, Manchu and so on. Most other ethnic groups immigrated in modern times, and the proportion is very small.

The internal language and culture of the Han nationality in Fujian are highly diverse and divided into many ethnic groups.

Fujian Province

It is named after Fuzhou and Jianzhou, and both cities take their initials.

After the Zhou Dynasty, the names of water and soil in this area changed.

In the 21st year of Kaiyuan in Tang Dynasty (733), Fujian began to appear.

An ancient people living in what is now Fujian Province.

The earliest record of teasing Fujian can be found in China's ancient encyclopedia Shan Hai Jing, Volume X: teasing Fujian in the sea, with mountains in the northwest and Zhongshan in the sea.

Xu Shen's dictionary Shuo Wen Jie Zi in the Han Dynasty said: teasing Fujian, Southeast Vietnam and snake farmers, and defining Fujian people as snake-worshippers; What can be used as evidence is the writing of the word "teasing Fu Jian", while the ancients called snakes "long worms", which can be interpreted as "teasing Fu Jian as a mountain full of snakes and insects", so the word "insects" was added under the door to show its characteristics, but this explanation has not been confirmed by historians.

In addition to teasing Fujian land, Fujian also has another name for teasing seven Fujian land and teasing eight Fujian land. Now it is used to being called teasing eight Fujian land.

The earliest record of teasing seven places in Fujian can be found in the History of Workshop Making in Xiaguan, Zhou Li, in which it is said: teasing the history of workshop making holds a map of the world to distinguish the people of its state, country, capital, Xi, Siyi, Baman, Qi Min, Jiuyi, Wu Rong and Liu Di ... At first, teasing seven places in Fujian meant specifically.

Land, later evolved into a general term for Fujian.

The so-called teasing Bamin land is because it was called Fujian Road in the Song Dynasty, and it has jurisdiction over six states, namely Fuzhou, Jianzhou, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Tingzhou and Nanjian, as well as Shaowu and Xinghua armies, hence the name.

Mindong

Mindong refers to the vast areas in the middle and lower reaches of Minjiang River in eastern Fujian and the mountainous areas in the northeast, bordering the Taiwan Province Strait and the East China Sea, and administratively including Fuzhou and Ningde.

Among them, eight counties in five districts of Fuzhou, Gutian and Pingnan counties in Ningde speak Fuan dialect, while other counties and cities in Ningde speak Fuan dialect.

In addition, Lianjiang County (Mazu Islands) ruled by the Republic of China also belongs to eastern Fujian.

Minzhong

Refers to Putian and parts of Sanming.

Sanming City governs Meilie and Sanyuan District, including 9 counties: Yong 'an, Youxi, Datian, Mingxi, Liu Qing, Ninghua, Shaxian, Taining, Jiangle and Jianning.

Minnan dialect is popular in Datian, Minzhong dialect is popular in Sanming, Yong 'an and Shaxian, Hakka dialect is popular in Ninghua and Liu Qing, Fujian and Jiangxi dialect is popular in Taining, Jiangle, Jianning and Mingxi, and Mindong dialect is popular in Youxi, but Minnan dialect is not popular.

Putian City includes Xianyou County, Licheng District, Chengxiang District, Xiuyu District and Hanjiang District.

southern Fujian

Minnan refers to the Jiulong River and Jinjiang River basins in southern Fujian, bordering the Taiwan Province Strait. Administratively, there are Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Quanzhou in People's Republic of China (PRC), and their economies are relatively developed, so they are also known as the Golden Triangle in southern Fujian.

In addition, kinmen county, ruled by the Republic of China, also belongs to southern Fujian.

Minnan is a famous hometown of overseas Chinese. Immigrants from Zhang Quan and Quanzhou, also known as Heluo people, are the ancestral homes of most overseas Chinese and Heluo people in Taiwan Province Province.

Pass Heluo language.

The west is adjacent to the west of Fujian and is in transition with the Hakka area. There are also Hakka dialects, such as Xiuzhuan, Guanpi, Gexia, Taiping, Hongxing and other towns in Zhao 'an County, and parts of Yunxiao County, Nanjing County and Pinghe County. Some Hakkas in this area have also immigrated to Taiwan Province Province.

Northern Fujian

Northern Fujian refers to the upper reaches of Minjiang River in northern Fujian, the southeast side of the northern section of Wuyi Mountain and the northwest side of Daiyun Mountain.

Administratively, there are Nanping area in People's Republic of China (PRC) and parts of Sanming; It is adjacent to Ningde City in the east, Shangrao City and Yingtan City in Jiangxi Province in the west, Sanming City in the south and Lishui City in Zhejiang Province in the north.

He is a native of overseas Chinese and speaks northern Fujian dialect.

Minxi

In ancient times, western Fujian referred to Tingzhou, the westernmost county in Fujian. Except Longyan and Zhangping, all other counties are Hakka counties, and occasionally there are Shanke, that is, She nationality, which is one of the four Hakka States. This place is also one of the ancestral homes of Hakka immigrants from Taiwan, Wan and Sichuan, represented by Liu Guangdi in Wuping County and Wu Boxiong in Yongding County.

Now it refers to Longyan, the westernmost city in Fujian.

Yongding tulou is a world cultural heritage.