Explanation of the Kuafu Zhuri section of the Great Wilderness Northern Classic

[Edit this paragraph] Introduction

This is one of the earliest famous myths in my country. It tells the story of Kuafu chasing the sun and sleeping in Yu Yuan.

Kuafu is a giant in ancient myths and legends. He is a descendant of Houtu, the god of the underworld. He lives on Mount Zaitian in Chengdu in the northern wilderness. He hung two yellow snakes in his ears and held two yellow snakes in his hands to chase the sun. When he arrived at the Yu Valley where the sun was about to set, he felt his mouth was parched, so he went to drink water from the Yellow River and Weihe River. Even after he drank the river water dry, his thirst was still there. He wanted to drink water from the great lake in the north, but before he could reach it, he died of thirst. When Kuafu was about to die, he threw away the stick in his hand. The stick suddenly turned into a peach forest full of fresh fruits, quenching the thirst of those who later pursued light.

The myth of Kuafu chasing the sun tortuously reflects the spirit of people in ancient times to compete with nature. "The Classic of Mountains and Seas" recorded this myth and said that he "overestimated his ability". Tao Qian of the Jin Dynasty praised him in his poem "Reading the Classic of Mountains and Seas" and said, "Kuafu has great ambitions and is racing against the sun."

The mythical stories of Kuafu are mainly found in "The Classic of Mountains and Seas·Overseas Northern Classic" and "The Great Wilderness Northern Classic". "Liezi·Tangwen" has slightly different details on the transformation of the stick into a peach forest, saying that Kuafu "abandoned his stick and dipped it in corpse paste and flesh, and Deng Lin was born." Regarding Denglin, according to research by Bi Yuan of the Qing Dynasty, the sounds of Deng and Tao are close. Denglin is the peach grove in "Kuafu's Mountain...in the north... there is...a peach grove" in "The Classic of Mountains and Seas·Zhongci Liu Jing". This Kuafu Mountain was named Qinshan by Hao Yixing, which is connected with Taihua and is located in Lingbao County, Henan Province today. There are still some places that are famous as "Kuafu" in later generations, and many of them have legends related to Kuafu chasing the sun.

[Edit this paragraph] Ancient Proverbs

Kuafu and the sun chase away and enter the sun. If you are thirsty and want to drink, drink from the river and Wei; if the river and Wei are insufficient, drink from Daze in the north. Before he arrived, Tao died of thirst. Abandoning his staff, he transformed into Deng Lin.

[Edit this paragraph] Ancient Chinese translation

Kuafu races with the sun and catches up to where the sun sets. He felt very thirsty and wanted to drink water. He drank water by the Yellow River and the Wei River. The water in the Yellow River and the Wei River was not enough for him, so he went to the big lake in the north to drink water. He died of thirst before he arrived. He discarded his walking stick, which transformed into Deng Lin (Taolin).

[Edit this paragraph] Idiom

Heading: Kuafu Zhuri

Pinyin: kuā fù zhú rì

Explanation: Kuafu Zhuri : A name in ancient legends. Kuafu chased the sun desperately. Complimentary meaning: It is a metaphor for having grand ambitions, or great strength and courage. It is also a metaphor for human beings' determination and ambition to defeat nature. Derogatory meaning: overestimating one's abilities. Father, a good name for men in ancient times, pronounced "axe"

Source: "The Classic of Mountains and Seas·Overseas Northern Classic"

Synonyms: Kua Fu Chasing the Sun

Usage: as Object, attributive.

Example: "Rong Hua Lun Zhe Gu Taoist Yi Xia Lun" written by Seng Min in the Southern Dynasties and Song Dynasty: "The true predicate ~ must be to die of thirst."

[ Edit this paragraph] Kuafu Zhuri's "The Classic of Mountains and Seas" Original Text

Selected from: "The Classic of Mountains and Seas·Overseas Northern Classic"

Original text: Kuafu and the Sun/Zhuzao ①, Entering the Sun ②. If you are thirsty and want to drink, drink from the river or Wei ③; if the river or Wei is insufficient, drink from the north or Daze ④. Before reaching ⑤, he died of thirst ⑥. Abandoned / his ⑦ staff and turned into / Deng Lin ⑧.

Translation: Kuafu races with the sun and catches up to where the sun sets. He was very thirsty and wanted to drink water, so he went to the Yellow River and the Wei River to drink water. The water in the Yellow River and the Wei River was not enough for him, so he went to the big lake in the north to drink water. Before arriving, he died of thirst on the way. Kuafu threw away his cane and turned it into a peach forest.

Comments; Statue of Kuafu chasing the sun

Zhui: competition;

Chasing: racing, racing;

Entering the sun: chasing To the place where the sun sets;

In: to.

River. Wei: Yellow River and Wei River;

Insufficient: not enough;

North: to the north

Daze: big lake. Legend has it that it stretches thousands of miles across and is located in the north of Yanmen Mountain.

To: arrive;

Tao: noun as an adverbial, halfway;

And: express cause and effect;

Tao is thirsty and Death: Died of thirst on the way;

Its: Pronoun (for Kuafu);

Deng Lin: Taolin.

[Edit this paragraph] Classical records

"The Classic of Mountains and Seas·Overseas Northern Classic": "Kuafu walked away with the sun and entered it. He was thirsty and wanted to drink, so he drank from the river Wei , The river and the river are insufficient, and the north is full of water. Before reaching it, Dao died of thirst and turned into Deng Lin. ""The Classic of Mountains and Seas": "In the great wilderness, there are. The name of the mountain is Chengdu Zaitian. There was a man named Er who gave birth to two yellow snakes, Kuafu. But it's not enough, he will go to Daze, but he will die here before he reaches it. Yinglong has killed Chiyou and Kuafu, so he went to the south, so it is rainy in the south. "

"Liezi Tangwen. 》: "Kuafu did not know what he could do, and wanted to chase the sun's shadow. When he was chasing it in the corner valley, he was thirsty and wanted to drink, so he went to drink from the river and Wei. The river and Wei were not enough, so he went north to drink from Daze. Before he arrived, Tao died of thirst.

He abandoned his staff and soaked it in corpse paste and flesh, and Deng Lin was born. Deng Lin is thousands of miles wide. ”

[Edit this paragraph] Legendary story

In ancient times, in the northern wilderness, there was a majestic and towering mountain. Deep in the mountain forest, there lived a group of powerful people. The infinite giant.

Their leader is the grandson of "Houtu", the god of the underworld, and his name is Kuafu. He was strong, tall and tall, with a strong will and extraordinary courage. He was also kind-hearted, hard-working and brave, and lived a carefree life.

At that time, the land was desolate and poisonous beasts were rampant. People's life is miserable. In order to let the people of his tribe survive, Kuafu leads the people to fight against the ferocious beasts every day.

Kuafu often hangs the ferocious yellow snakes he catches on his two legs. They were worn as decorations on their ears and waved in their hands as a matter of pride.

One year the weather was very hot, and the scorching sun shone directly on the earth, killing crops, scorching trees, and drying up rivers. The heat was unbearable, and people from the Kuafu tribe died one after another.

Kuafu was very sad to see this scene. He looked up at the sun and told his tribe: "The sun is really hateful. I want to catch up." Sun, catch it and let it obey the command of man. After hearing this, the tribesmen tried to dissuade them one after another.

Some people said: "You must not go. The sun is so far away from us, and you will die of exhaustion." ”

Some people said: “The sun is so hot, you will be roasted to death.” "

Kuafu made up his mind and vowed to catch the sun and make it obey people's orders and serve everyone. He looked at the miserable people and said: "For everyone's happy life, I will definitely Go! ”

The sun had just risen from the sea. Kuafu said goodbye to his people. With great ambition, he took great strides to chase the sun from the edge of the East China Sea in the direction of its rising sun, and began his journey day by day.< /p>

The sun moved rapidly in the sky, and Kuafu chased and chased on the ground like a strong wind. He passed through mountains and crossed rivers, and the earth was shaken by his footsteps. Boom, boom, swinging back and forth.

When Kuafu was tired from running, he would take a nap and shake the dirt in his shoes to the ground, forming a big mountain of dirt. When he was hungry, he would Kuafu would pick wild fruits to satisfy his hunger, and sometimes he would cook rice. He would use three stones to set up a pot, and the three stones would become three mountains standing on a tripod, several thousand meters high.

Kuafu. The father ran after the sun, and as he saw it getting closer and closer to the sun, his confidence became stronger and stronger. However, he was not afraid and kept encouraging himself, “Soon, we will catch up with the sun, and people’s lives will be happy. ”

After nine days and nine nights, Kuafu finally caught up with it where the sun was setting.

The red, hot fireball was right in front of Kuafu’s head, , thousands of golden lights bathed him.

Kuafu opened his arms with great joy, but the sun was extremely hot, and Kuafu felt thirsty and tired, so he ran to the Yellow River. , drank up all the water from the Yellow River in one breath;

He ran to the Weihe River again and drank all the water from the Weihe River, still not quenching his thirst;

Kuafu ran north again Go, there is a vast swamp stretching thousands of miles, and the water in the swamp is enough for Kuafu to quench his thirst.

However, Kuafu died of thirst before he reached the swamp.

When Kuafu was about to die, he was filled with regrets. He still cared about his people, so he threw the wooden stick in his hand. Wherever the wooden stick landed, a large lush peach forest suddenly grew.

This peach forest is lush all year round, providing shade for passers-by, and the fresh peaches produced quench the thirst of hard-working people, allowing them to eliminate fatigue and embark on their journey with energy.

[Edit this paragraph] Realistic Implications

Why does Kuafu chase the sun?

Mr. Yang Gongji believes that the story of Kuafu chasing the sun has a very profound meaning. It shows that "only by paying attention." Only those who race against time can walk faster; those who walk faster will feel more empty in their belly, so they can need and receive more water (you might as well regard water as a symbol of knowledge); and only by gaining Only with more water can we race against time and not fall behind time." Mr. Yang's view was included in the book "Chinese Literature" and was endorsed by many comrades.

In addition, the writer Xiao Mr. Bing said in his book "The Fire-Stealing Hero: Kuafu and Prometheus": Kuafu chases the sun to pick up fire for mankind so that the earth can gain light and warmth. Kuafu is the "Fire-Stealing Hero" and is China. Mr. Xiao's view is quite romantic. Some people regard Kuafu Zhuri as a battle in nature. Kuafu represents "water" and the sun represents "water god" and "fire". Gods compete with each other, and water and fire are incompatible. The story of Kuafu Zhuri gives people rich imagination and profound enlightenment. How to understand this story is not only a matter of concern to the academic community, but its positive significance lies in. People use their own different understandings to understand the world and realize their beautiful pursuits.

Kuafu Zhuri’s Intention

Kuafu Zhuri is actually a long-distance tribal migration in the history of the Chinese nation, and it is a very courageous adventure. However, because their understanding of the movement of the sun and the geographical conditions of northwest my country was completely wrong, they ultimately failed tragically.

In ancient times, if any tribe settled in a place for a long time, its primitive and destructive labor would inevitably damage and deplete the resources there. Land fertility decreases or becomes salinized, and hunting and fishing ranges expand but the quantity obtained decreases. These are all inevitable, and the food and other supplies available will only become less and less. In this case, there was only one option, the tribe had to migrate and move to a new, better place.

When Kuafu encountered this problem, he decided to go west to the place where the sun sets - Yu Valley.

This decision seems incredible to modern people, because we know that the earth is spherical and revolves around the sun. The sun will not fall into the earth at all, let alone moving westward, not by the mountains. To block it is to enter the desert, and there are not many places suitable for human habitation. Nowadays, with the advanced technology, it is still difficult for people to live well in the oasis. As for the intruders from ancient times, it is almost impossible to survive.

But for an inland tribe like the Kuafu tribe, making this decision is normal. They knew nothing about the spherical shape of the earth, the movement of the earth around the sun, or the geography of northwest my country. At most, they probably knew from the tribes near the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea: To the east is the sea, and the sun rises from the sea. As for the west, at the end is Yugu - the place where the sun sets.

The astronomy chapter in "Huainanzi" is an example: The sun rises from Yi Valley and bathes in Xianchi... As for Kunwu, it is called Zhengzhong... As for Yuyuan, it is called dusk. ,... Furthermore, the most commonly used words in modern Chinese still retain traces of the ancient understanding of the sun's movement. Such as "the sun rises in the east and sets in the west", "sunrise", "sunset" and so on. These words all imply ancient concepts: the sun rises and sets from the earth.

The Kuafu tribe should be mainly engaged in agricultural production. They must have realized that sunlight determines the seasons, agriculture and other production activities. So, in Yu Valley where the sun sets, sunlight is the most important factor. There are enough resources. For the Kuafu people who are facing difficulties due to insufficient resources, migrating there is the best choice. Unfortunately, they walked into the desert. In the desert, there are yellow sand dunes everywhere. It is very hot during the day, and there is a shortage of water. The thirst is unbearable. According to records, they found a river in the desert and called the main trunk of the river He (Yellow River), and the branch at the source called Wei (Wei River). This kind of river is formed in summer by the melting of ice and snow from high places in the distance. It is a seasonal river. As time goes by, from summer to autumn, the temperature drops and the ice and snow melt less, making it shallower and dryer. When the Kuafu people discovered that the river suddenly became shallower, the water surface narrowed, and the water volume continued to decrease, they knew that the water source they relied on for survival was about to disappear. Should we keep moving forward, or should we go back? Kuafu decided to leave some people in the oasis, while the others, led by Kuafu, headed north to find Daze. Most likely, they saw a mirage, but whatever the reason, the result was the same: heading north, still desert. The desert is harsh and endless. During the trek, my physical strength declined rapidly and there was not enough water. In the end, Kuafu and the people he led fell in the desert.

This is the actual situation in the legend of Kuafu Zhuri. In ancient times, humans were able to survive at the expense of destroying the natural environment. Wherever they live, they will destroy another place. Therefore, migration and pioneering are relatively frequent. Kuafu Zhuri, because of his extraordinary courage, became the first remembered failure in pioneering due to insufficient water sources in the history of the Chinese nation.

Kuafu Zhuri is an activity of a tribe rather than a battle between gods. The evidence is clear: the previous account is derogatory, "Kuafu does not measure his capabilities," which is what other tribes say about their plans and results. The last narrative of heroic Qianyun was handed down by the Kuafu tribe. In addition, if the rivers and Wei mentioned in these two records are understood as seasonal rivers in the desert, rather than as the Yellow River and Weihe River, then both records describe the life of the Kuafu people in the desert.

Kuafu's failure made ancient people realize the incomparable difficulty of conquering the northwest. From then on, water, not war, determined that the Chinese nation could only develop southward. For thousands of years, the south has been developed by immigrants, and virgin forests and barren lands have been transformed into prosperous towns. However, the northwest is still vast and sparsely populated.

Can the Kuafu ruins be excavated? Perhaps, only China's Schliemann can do it. At that time, Germany's Schliemann, relying solely on his love for Homer's epics, his financial resources and perseverance, finally turned what almost everyone thought was just a myth into the most exciting discovery in the history of archaeological excavation.

[Edit this paragraph] Introduction to "The Classic of Mountains and Seas"

"The Classic of Mountains and Seas" is an ancient Chinese book from the pre-Qin period. It is generally believed that it mainly describes ancient mythology, geography, products, witchcraft, religion, ancient history, medicine, folk customs, ethnicity, etc.

Some scholars believe that "The Classic of Mountains and Seas" is not only mythology, but also ancient geography, including some overseas mountains, rivers, birds and beasts.

Character. It records information on more than 100 countries, 550 mountains, 300 waterways, as well as the geography, customs and products of each country's landscapes. Among them, most of what is contained in the "Shan Jing" is the survey records of wizards, alchemists and ancestral officials of the past dynasties. After long-term writing and compilation, they will be somewhat exaggerated, but they still have high reference value.

Shan Jing: Volume 1 "Nanshan Jing" Volume 2 "West Mountain Jing" Volume 3 "Beishan Jing" Volume 4 "Dongshan Jing" Volume 5 "Zhongshan Jing"

< p> Hai Jing: Volume 1, "Overseas Southern Classic", Volume 2, "Overseas Western Classic", Volume 3, "Overseas Northern Classic", Volume 4, "Overseas Eastern Classic", Volume 5, "Hai Nei Southern Classic"

Volume 6 "Western Scripture of the Sea" Volume 7 "Northern Scripture of the Sea" Volume 8 "Eastern Scripture of the Sea"

The Great Wilderness Classic: Volume 1 "Great Wilderness East Classic" Volume 2 "Great Wilderness South Classic" Chapter Three volumes of "Great Wilderness Western Classic" and fourth volume of "Great Wilderness Northern Classic"

Hai Nei Jing: Volume 1 of "Hai Nei Jing"

"Abandon his staff and become Deng Lin." The deep meaning of "Kuafu Chasing the Sun"

The cane left by Kuafu turned into a peach forest, which enriched the connotation of the myth "Kuafu Chasing the Sun" with a high degree of poetic imagination. It enriches the image of this hero and expresses a spirit of brave pursuit, perseverance, and willingness to benefit mankind, making the whole myth more romantically charming

***Workers' anger touches Buzhou Mountain* **Gong was angry and touched Mount Buzhou. Classical Chinese essay

In the past, **Gong fought with Zhuanxu to be the emperor. He was angry and touched Mount Buzhou. The pillars of heaven were broken and the earth was destroyed. The sky tilts to the northwest, so the sun, moon and stars move away; the earth is not satisfied with the southeast, so the water and the dust return.

[Edit this paragraph] Original text

***Workers' Anger Touches Buzhou Mountain 2

1. Contents of writers' works and myths:

In the past, Emperor Gong fought with Zhuanxu to be emperor. In anger, he touched Mount Buzhou, causing the pillars of heaven to break and the earth to remain intact. The sky tilts to the northwest, so the sun, moon and stars move away; the earth is not satisfied with the southeast, so the water and the dust return.

Selected from "Huainanzi Astronomy". "Huainanzi", also known as "Huainan Honglie", is a work collectively written by Liu An, King of Huainan and his disciples in the Western Han Dynasty.

According to legend, Zhuanxu is the grandson of the Yellow Emperor. He is smart and resourceful. He rules a large territory and has high prestige among the people. At the same time as Zhuanxu, there was a tribal leader named Gongshi. It is said that Jiang, whose surname is Jiang, is a descendant of Emperor Yan. He attached great importance to farming, especially water conservancy work, and invented the method of building embankments to store water. Zhuanxu did not agree with Gong's approach. I believe that Mr. Gong cannot make his own decisions. As a result, a very fierce struggle broke out between Zhuanxu and the Gong family.

When comparing these two people, in terms of strength, Gong is stronger; in terms of wit, he is not as good as Zhuan Xu. Zhuanxu used the ghosts and gods to incite the tribesmen and told them not to believe in the Gong family. People at that time lacked understanding of natural knowledge and had great faith in ghosts and gods. Many people were deceived by Zhuanxu. Emperor Gong could not get the understanding and support of the people, but he firmly believed that his plan was correct and resolutely Unwilling to compromise. For the benefit of the people of the world, he was determined to sacrifice himself and sacrifice his life for his cause. He came to Buzhou Mountain (now Kunlun Mountain) and wanted to knock down the peak of Buzhou Mountain to show his firm determination. ***Gong's heroic behavior was respected by people.

2. Accumulation of classical Chinese words:

Zhuan Xu (zhuān xū): one of the legendary Five Emperors, a descendant of the Yellow Emperor.

Shui Liao (lǎo) The dust returns to Yan, Shui Liao: generally refers to the flow of rivers and lakes.

***The anger of workers touches Mount Buzhou: selected from "Huainanzi". "Huainanzi", also known as "Huainan Honglie", is a work collectively written by Liu An, the king of Huainan in the Western Han Dynasty, and his disciples. *** Gong, the legendary tribal leader, a descendant of Emperor Yan. Touch, bump, bump. Buzhou Mountain, the name of the mountain, is said to be in the northwest of Kunlun. The "Book of Mountains and Seas, Great Wilderness Western Classic" records: "In the corner of the Great Wilderness, there are mountains that do not fit together, so it is called Buzhou."

In the past: In the past.

To: do.

Emperor: The leader of the tribe.

Touch: bump, hit.

When the pillars of the sky are broken, the earth is broken: the pillars supporting the sky are broken, and the ropes hanging from the earth are broken. The ancients believed that the sky was round and the earth was supported by eight pillars and large ropes tied to the four corners of the earth.

Wei: Big rope. Tie the rope to the earth.

Jue: break.

Break: break.

Qing: tendency.

Therefore: Therefore.

Yan: Here.

Full: enough, achieved

Lack: accumulation of water.

Dust: Dust, here refers to sediment.

Return: flow.

And: it means modification, not translated.

Yan: also a word, "for".

3. Translation:

Once upon a time, Jinggong competed with Zhuanxu to be the leader of the tribe. (The Jinggong was defeated miserably in the war) angrily hit Mount Buzhou, supporting the sky. The pillars were broken, and the big rope that tied it to the ground was broken. (Result) The sky tilts to the northwest, so the sun, moon, and stars move here; the earth collapses to the southeast, so the rivers, lakes, and sediments all gather here.

4. Comprehension of the short article:

(1) What kind of personality characteristics does the word "anger" in "Anger touches the mountain of impunity" show?

The word "anger" expresses the heroism and bravery of the *** worker; it also reflects his violent and strong character.

(2) How to understand the two sentences at the end of "The Workers' Anger Touched Buzhou Mountain"?

"The Workers' Anger Touched Mount Buzhou" is a mythical story. It reflects the struggle between ancient tribes and involves the theory of Gaitian in ancient astronomy. Ancient humans obviously could not explain the reasons for the changes in the movement of the sun, moon and stars. The best explanation for this phenomenon is to use myths, bold imagination and exaggeration to explain the "sky tilts to the northwest" and "the earth is dissatisfied with the southeast". Phenomenon. Magical legends tinged with realism.

(3) What is the reason why *** workers are so angry at Buzhoushan? Why would he do this? Please make some speculations.

***The reason why the workers were angry at Buzhou Mountain was "fighting to be the emperor", that is, fighting for the position of tribal leader. His anger seemed to contain the anger and unwillingness of failure, and it seemed to be mixed with the idea of ??dying together with the other party. Of course, it also reflects the huge momentum of the *** workers.

(4) Epilogue:

With the help of myth, it explains the confusion of human beings about nature in childhood, and uses bold imagination and exaggeration to give it a romantic color.

5. Summary:

(1) What are the common characteristics between Kuafu and *** Gong***?

① Kuafu and *** workers are both brave and strong, and dare to challenge authority. Kuafu dares to race with the sun, and *** workers dare to compete with Zhuanxu for emperor.

② Kuafu and *** workers were willing to sacrifice themselves to transform the mountains and rivers. After Kuafu died, he abandoned his staff and turned it into a peach forest to quench the thirst of future generations; *** workers worked for the benefit of the people. , built water conservancy projects and developed farming, even at the expense of their own lives.

They are all heroes of the Chinese nation in myths and legends.

(2) Thousands of years ago, our ancestors did not know how to explain various natural phenomena and did not understand and grasp the laws of nature. Therefore, they were so powerless in the face of nature, so they regarded various Doubt is attributed to the existence of God, and the power of nature is visualized and personified. Therefore, myths and legends were created to praise the heroes in their hearts, and thus legendary figures such as Pangu, Nuwa, and Huangdi were created. Although they are all characters from myths and legends, their heroic spirit and spirit of benefiting the people are worth learning from.

[Edit this paragraph] Myths and legends

According to legend, Zhuanxu was the grandson of the Yellow Emperor, named Gaoyang, and lived in Emperor Wu (near today's Puyang, Henan). He is smart, resourceful and has high prestige among the people. The territory he ruled was also very large and numerous, ranging from the current Hebei area in the north, to the south of Nanling in the south, to the current Gansu area in the west, and to some islands in the East China Sea in the east. They were all districts and cities he ruled. Ancient history books describe that wherever Zhuanxu visited during his inspection, he was warmly received by the tribal people.

But Zhuanxu also did unreasonable things. There is such a law stipulated by him: it is stipulated that when a woman meets a man on the road, she must step aside; if she does not do so, she will be pulled to the crossroads and beaten. Although this law is a legend, it shows that during Zhuanxu's period, due to changes in production methods, men became the dominant force in the clan, and women's status was lower than that of men. The patriarchal clan society replaced the matrilineal clan society, and men Authority in society has been established. At the same time as Zhuanxu, there was a tribal leader named Gongshi. Legend has it that he has two heads and a snake body, with a head full of red hair, and his mounts are two dragons.

It is said that Jiang, whose surname is Jiang, is a descendant of Emperor Yan. His tribe was in what is now northern Henan. He attached great importance to farming, especially water conservancy work, and invented the method of building embankments to store water. At that time, humans were mainly engaged in agricultural production, and the use of water was crucial. ***Gong was another person after Shennong who made contributions to the development of agricultural production.

***Gong has a son named Houtu, who is also very proficient in agriculture. In order to develop agricultural production and handle water conservancy matters well, they inspected the tribal land conditions together and found that the terrain in some places was too high and it was difficult to water the fields; the terrain in some places was too low and was easily flooded. For these reasons, it is very detrimental to agricultural production. Therefore, Mr. Gong made a plan to transport the soil from the high areas to raise the lowlands. He believed that leveling and raising the lowlands could expand the farming area, and leveling the highlands would facilitate water conservancy and irrigation, which would be of great benefit to the development of agricultural production.

Zhuanxu’s ministry did not agree with Gong’s approach. Zhuanxu believed that the supreme authority in the tribe was himself, and the entire tribe should only obey his orders. The Gong family could not make decisions on their own.

He used the reason that doing so would make God angry and opposed the Communist Party of China to implement his plan. As a result, a very fierce struggle broke out between Zhuanxu and the Gong clan. On the surface, it was a dispute over land and water control, but in fact it was a struggle for tribal leadership.

When comparing these two people, Gong is stronger in terms of strength; but in terms of wit, he is not as good as Zhuan Xu. Zhuanxu used the ghosts and gods to incite the tribesmen and told them not to believe in the Gong family. People at that time had little understanding of natural knowledge and had great faith in ghosts and gods. Many people were fooled by Zhuanxu, thinking that once the Gong clan leveled the land, it would really offend the ghosts and gods and cause disasters. Therefore, Zhuanxu got The support of the majority of the people.

***Gong could not gain the understanding and support of the people, but he firmly believed that his plan was correct and refused to compromise. For the benefit of the people of the world, he was determined to sacrifice himself and sacrifice his life for his cause. He came to Mount Buzhou (now Kunlun Mountain) and wanted to knock down the peak of Mount Buzhou to show his strong determination.

***Gong drove the flying dragon into the air and slammed into Mount Buzhou. In an instant, there was a loud noise, and Mount Buzhou was suddenly hit by Mr. Gongshi. It was immediately broken in half, and the entire mountain collapsed with a rumble. Great changes occurred between heaven and earth. In the sky, the sun, moon and stars changed their positions; on the earth, mountains moved and rivers changed their flows. It turns out that Buzhou Mountain is the pillar between heaven and earth. The pillar broke, causing the rope holding the earth to break, and the earth collapsed to the southeast. The sky tilted toward the northwest. Because the sky tilts toward the northwest, the sun, moon, and stars rise from the east and set toward the west every day; because the earth collapses toward the southeast, the water in the great rivers rushes eastward and flows into the eastern sea. So, it turns out that the world is completely upside down!

***Gong’s heroic behavior was respected by people. After his death, people worshiped him as Shuishi (the god of water conservancy), and his son Houtu was also worshiped as the social god (i.e. the earth god). Later, when people swore, they said "the earth behind the sky is above", so They were talking about him, which shows how much people respect them.

The legend about the fight between Emperor Gong and Zhuan Xu for the throne and their rage at Mount Buzhou has been circulating for more than two thousand years. The myths mentioned above show that at that time, our ancestors did not know how to explain various natural phenomena and did not understand and grasp the laws of nature. Therefore, they were so powerless in front of nature, so they attributed all kinds of doubts to The existence of God and the power of nature are visualized and personified. Therefore, myths and legends were created to praise the heroes in their hearts, and thus legendary figures such as Pangu, Nuwa, and Huangdi were created.

[Edit this paragraph] Definition of "Buzhou Mountain"

"The Classic of Mountains and Seas: The Great Wilderness Western Classic" contains: "In the corner of the Great Wilderness, there are mountains that do not fit together, so they are called Buzhou." Legend has it that it is in the northwest of Kunlun, which means negation; Zhou means comprehensive and complete; mountain means the natural uplift of height and ground level. A Buzhou mountain is an incomplete mountain. Once this mountain has a name, it is incomplete. *** Gong's anger touched Mount Buzhou. When he was angry, the mountain was called Buzhou.

[Edit this paragraph] Facts

As for the legendary *** Gong, of course it is not necessarily true, but he is brave, strong, and willing to sacrifice himself The fearless spirit of transforming mountains and rivers is worthy of our admiration. Although the myths and legends mentioned above are the imagination and artistic processing of later generations, they reflect certain aspects of primitive society and are close to historical reality to a certain extent. For example, the deification of tribal leaders reflects the original service of the people. The leader of the tribe was transformed into a powerful authority over society. Primitive society also began to differentiate into stages.

Note: The "Five Emperors" refers to the Yellow Emperor and the leaders of the five tribal alliances after him, Zhuan Xu, Emperor Ku (kù), Yao, and Shun. They were honored as the "Five Emperors" by ancient historians .

The "Three Emperors" are Fuxi, Suiren, and Shennong.