Because there is no way to serve the country, who is the historian who wrote one of the three wonderful books in the history field?

In China's Historical Research Law, the author Liang Qichao said: "Thousands of years after Joe and Zuo (Tyumen) and Si (Si) were born, hands in the air, who strode to write a general annals, can be described as a hero ... There is firewood in history, and if light struggles with heaven, it is a comet." A historian of the Southern Song Dynasty, who is as famous as Zuo Qiuming and Sima Qian, is highly praised by Mr. Liang. He lives in seclusion in the mountains and is a scholar of cloth clothes who has devoted his life to books.

Zheng Qiao was born in a scholarly family in Putian, Fujian. Both father and father were scholars, and Zheng Qiao was deeply influenced. He loved reading when he could talk, and he couldn't live without books when he was 3 years old. At the age of 7, I can write articles, and at the age of 9, I am familiar with the Five Classics. Zheng Qiao loves reading, because reading has suffered a lot.

When Zheng Qiao/Kloc-0 was 0/0 years old, his father went out to be an official, and he studied under his brother Zheng Hou. There is a stream not far from Zheng Qiao's house. Zheng Qiao crosses the stream from my brother's home on the east side of the stream every day. It doesn't matter if it doesn't rain. When it rains, the stream swells and there is no bridge on it. How can we get there? This did not defeat Zheng Qiao.

There is a thick Gu Teng on the cliff to the east of the stream, which crosses the stream westward. Every rainy day, Zheng Qiao would climb the vines and cross the stream. Under the vine is a swift stream, and its difficulty can be imagined. A child of 10 years old climbs mountains to study all the year round, which is "remarkable", but the amazing thing about Zheng Qiao's study is not limited to these.

When Zheng Qiao 16 years old, his father died in Suzhou. He helped his coffin to return to his hometown, buried his father in Wang Feng, and then built a thatched cottage next to his father's grave-Nanfeng Bookstore, where he practiced learning while observing his father's filial piety, and the sound of reading drifted in the mountains. The mountains are lush and far from the world, but with books, Zheng Qiao doesn't feel lonely at all. Instead, he "went to the front of the porch to hide, and there was no fiber to contact", and he enjoyed it.

After his father died, Zheng Qiao's life became poorer and poorer. After reading the books at home, he had no money to buy books, so he shuttled between Xixi and Dong Xi with dry food on his back. Zheng Qiao's reading range is also very wide, including Yi-ology, Confucian classics, music, astronomy, geography, vegetation and other categories. He not only studies hard, but also copies and edits different kinds of books. A few years later, he completed a bibliography of works.

Zheng Qiao, who devoted himself to study, still has a patriotic heart. In the first year of Jingkang (A.D. 1 126), nomadic people attacked on a large scale. Zheng Qiao and his brother came to Bianjing twice to express their will to resist gold and their desire to serve the country, but the court was too scared to make peace.

Therefore, Zheng Qiao saw through his official career and decided to give up the imperial examination. He can't serve his country, but he can love his country. He is determined to take books as his companion, read and write books, and inherit China culture.

Zheng Qiao, who is bent on studying, has a wish: "To read ancient and modern books, learn the skills of a hundred schools of thought, take the literature of six arts as the wing, and have no regrets in this life.

"At that time, Putian had a prosperous collection of books and many famous books, which was just convenient for Zheng Qiao to borrow from various families. He runs around with rations on his back, and all the book collectors in Putian, whether officials or monks, are borrowed by him.

Legend has it that after reading all the books in Putian City, Zheng Qiao heard that there is a library outside the city-the "Wanjuan Building" in Fang Jia, so he came to Fang Jia to borrow books. He had his books moved to the nearby Yanshou Bridge, and then put them on the bridge deck to let the wind blow. In this way, Zheng Qiao finished reading all the thousands of books in less than one day. The host can't believe it. Zheng Qiao said, "I did finish reading it. I marked all the questions in the book with my nails. "

The host took out a few books to read, and sure enough, there were several marks scratched by nails, which had to be admired secretly.

Although this is a legend, it shows that Zheng Qiao has read many books. Many books such as Xie, Li and Fang in Putian have been borrowed by thousands of books Museum for more than ten years. Zheng Qiao, who has read countless books, recalled that he could not join the army to defend his country in his early years, but when Jingkang was ashamed, nomadic people not only took away the royal family, gold and silver treasures, but also took away a lot of cultural relics.

In order to protect and inherit the culture of China, he decided to write a book-Tongzhi, which integrated all the books in the world. Although his brother Zheng Hou entered the official career in 1 135, Zheng Qiao was unmoved. Instead, he became a hermit in a thatched cottage.

Zheng Qiao once gave a 52-word introduction to this thatched cottage on Jiakuang Mountain: "Four leaves, a place where deep springs, strange rocks, pines, bamboo pruning, hazelnuts and oak trees meet, and a place where wind, jathyapple, light smoke, floating clouds, birds and animals and firewood come and go. The people of Xixi, in which there are three halls, live in Mao. "

The conditions in the mountains are so difficult, but Zheng Qiao is determined: "Fortunately, there is no resource to bear the stones at home, and there is nothing he can do on earth", and he works hard to concentrate on his studies.

It is said that when the famous Neo-Confucianist Zhu passed by Putian, he heard that there was a "strange old man" in the mountains. Every day, he reads and writes books, looks at the stars and goes up to visit. Over the mountain stream, I finally found Zheng Qiao's thatched cottage in the forest. The two talked happily, learned from each other and talked about the past and the present.

When Zheng Qiao was happy, he received Zhu in a high standard, and took out "delicacies"-"four whites": salt, white ginger, tofu and buckwheat head. Zhu suspected that it was perfunctory, but when he looked up, he found that the cottage was shabby, and the owner was just books, paper and pens. He can't help admiring Zheng Qiao more and more. This meal is particularly delicious.

"Windy morning, snowy night, no fireworks in the kitchen, but endless praise. Over time, no loss. " Zheng Qiao lived in the mountains for 30 years without wasting a moment.

At the age of 43, his brother, youngest son and wife died one after another, and Zheng Qiao suffered a heavy blow. Later, some local officials repeatedly recommended him as an official in the name of "Lian Xiao", but Zheng Qiao politely refused, stuck to the thatched cottage and continued to study alone in the mountains.

In order to get the official permission, Zheng Qiao went to Hangzhou to give away books. Along the way, Zheng Qiao ran four times, and finally at the fourth time, he was appointed as the editor of the Privy Council by Song Gaozong. Zheng Qiao was overjoyed, not because he became an "official", but because he was free to browse North Korean books. After all, the limited collection of folk books is a great blessing for people who love reading.

However, this little wish was soon dashed. The Korean people are jealous of Zheng Qiao's talent and knowledge, and they framed Zheng Qiao by despicable means. Although the official position has not been relieved, he can no longer borrow books. Zheng Qiao lost his freedom to study and suffered injustice. Besides, he suffered from years of hard work and fell ill.

When Song Gaozong finally ordered Zheng Qiao to offer Tongzhi, Zheng Qiao, 59, died.

Zheng Qiao has read many poems and books. What is rare is that he is knowledgeable and unconventional, but he has his own opinions and opinions. He put forward that "poems and books are reliable, but you don't have to believe every word", and some knowledge should be gained from practice ... These progressive ideas made him create many firsts in the history of China. Tongzhi made Zheng Qiao the first great historian in China who taught himself as a civilian.

Tongzhi has also become an excellent cultural heritage of the Chinese nation. Together with Du You's General Canon in Tang Dynasty and Ma Duanlin's General Examination of Literature in Yuan Dynasty, it is called "Three Links" by historians and is a must-read book for ancient Chinese scholars.

Throughout Zheng Qiao's life, life, reading and writing are extremely difficult, but he does not envy the prosperity accompanied by books all day long. He is not only a scholar who is indifferent to fame and fortune, but also a persistent belief under the feelings of home and country.