Preparing for the exam: reasonably and effectively using given materials to break through the barriers of public examination

In the civil service examination, the focus of the application topic is the given information of 8,000 words, and reading the information quickly is undoubtedly the basic guarantee for successful answer. In the process of reading a given material, candidates should not only master certain reading skills and methods, but also understand the meaning of the relevant material, find out the intention of the questioner, analyze the meaning contained in the material, and truly answer efficiently, effectively and quickly.

Understand the given material

In the process of reading, the cognition of related words is only the first step, and the key to reading lies in the understanding of related materials. This so-called understanding is an abstract understanding of the content of the material and a comprehensive and profound rational understanding, which requires candidates to have an understanding process from form to content, from appearance to internal, from part to whole. So how do you understand the given material?

1. Explain the logical relationship of a given material.

It is of great significance for candidates to understand the overall framework and main contents of a given material by clarifying the logical relationship of the given material. If the candidates don't understand the logic of the material combination clearly and can't grasp the overall framework of the material, they often can't fully understand the content of the material and grasp the meaning contained in the given material.

No matter how complex a given material is, it is always pieced together around certain social phenomena or hot issues, so there must be a certain logical relationship between them. It is absolutely necessary and possible to sort out this logical relationship and classify it through certain methods. Only by clarifying the logical relationship of materials can we distinguish the levels, clarify the objects and correctly classify them, thus laying the foundation for further analysis of problems.

Generally speaking, candidates should take advantage of the first reading opportunity to grasp the overall framework and logical relationship of a given material by reading the full text quickly. After carefully sorting out the real questions over the years, experts in the examination of civil servants in first-hand housing education have three ways to sort out the logical relationship of given materials:

First of all, we can sort out the material content according to the chronological order of events. For example, in 2000, in the examination paper of civil servant recruitment in central state organs, the central event of the given material was "a complicated lawsuit disturbing the people by noise". According to the appearance time, these materials can be arranged as follows: 65438+February 0997 ~ 65438+June 0997 ~ 65438+September 0998 ~ 65438+1October 0998 ~ 65438+February 0998. Grasping the problems reflected in a given material in time will make it easy to understand the logical relationship of the material in time, and it is not difficult to grasp the understanding of its content.

Second, we can sort out the material content according to the logic of "phenomenon-problem-harm-reason-work done-future countermeasures". For example, in the first half of 2005, the title of the examination paper for civil servants in Guangdong Province was "food safety". The understanding of the given materials can be sorted out according to the following logic: (1) Phenomenon: In recent years, a series of food safety incidents such as "Sudan Red" have emerged one after another, which once again sounded the alarm for people; (2) Problems: Some unscrupulous traders process food in a toxic way and sell all kinds of toxic food to consumers for huge profits; (3) Harm: Food safety has seriously affected people's health and life safety, and caused serious harm to social, economic and political stability. (4) Reasons: The food problem is serious: First, the law enforcement inspection of relevant departments is a mere formality; Second, because the food safety standard system is not perfect and the content is not matched; Third, due to the unclear division of responsibilities between departments, the law enforcement supervision system is chaotic; (5) Work done: In view of the above situation, the State Council issued relevant documents to strengthen the supervision of the food industry; (6) Future countermeasures: Relevant persons pointed out that government departments should unify legislation, strengthen supervision, introduce new safety standards and establish unified management institutions.

Third, you can sort out the material content according to the opposite logic. For example, according to the logical relationship between positive and negative, positive and negative, experience and lessons, we can sort out the relationship. For example, given 1-8 in the examination paper for civil servants of central state organs in 2008, we can sort out the logic from two aspects: (1) The main viewpoints for development are: the utilization rate of hydropower in China, and hydropower belongs to renewable and recyclable resources; The economic benefits of development are good, which can bring huge fiscal revenue, promote the development of related industries and promote economic growth; Development is the main way to solve the local poverty problem, which can solve the local poverty problem, improve people's lives and promote social stability; After development, there will be funds for ecological migration to avoid man-made destruction of vegetation. (2) The main points against development are as follows: according to the requirements of protecting Nujiang River and other ecosystems in the 11th Five-Year Plan of Yunnan Province, development is not reasonable in policy; Development is not worth the loss economically; Such a large-scale development will certainly destroy the local ecological environment and folk culture, pose a threat to the ecological security of the national team and cause immeasurable losses to human civilization; Whether development can promote local economic growth, solve the lives of immigrants and improve the lives of local people is not systematically regulated and guaranteed. Developing hydropower is not a good solution to the local poverty problem. In fact, poverty can be solved by developing tourism and other means.

2. Distinguish the primary and secondary relations of materials

As mentioned above, the application materials of civil servants contain very complicated words. In addition to important and useful materials, the given materials also contain many secondary or useless materials that interfere with the reading of candidates. In order to master the given materials comprehensively in a limited time, candidates must distinguish the primary and secondary relations of materials, which are important and useful materials and which are secondary and useless materials. Generally speaking, candidates should first understand the theme of the given material, and which materials closely related to the theme and proposition intention are the main materials and the focus of reading; What materials have a certain relationship with the theme and proposition intention, but they are not very close, and belong to secondary materials, so we should make a general understanding; Any material that has nothing to do with the theme and proposition intention is useless and should be skipped when reading.

3. Correctly understand the theme and the intention of the topic.

Correctly understanding the intention of writing questions is the key to ensure high scores in the application. Some candidates are not clear about the intention of the questions revealed in the materials, which leads to the deviation of their opinions when answering questions, which may greatly lose their answers. There are usually several ways to understand the intention of the question:

First of all, read carefully the questions and answering requirements behind the given materials. Generally speaking, the question and answer requirements reveal the intention of the questioner, and candidates need to carefully study the meaning contained therein and guess the theme and intention of the material.

Second, carefully study the tone and positive and negative logic of the given material. Generally speaking, the positive tone in the material indicates that the questioner holds a positive view on some problems or practices; The negative tone or more negative materials in a given material indicate that the questioner holds a negative attitude towards a certain problem and practice.

Third, carefully study the experience and lessons in the given materials. The typical experience given in a given material often reveals the questioner's favorable opinions on solving some problems; However, the lessons given in the given materials often reveal the questioner's negative attitude towards solving the problem.

Second, the analysis and utilization of given materials.

1, case analysis and application

Generally speaking, the cases and examples provided in the given materials are not of great significance, but it must be understood that the questioner gives these cases and examples with a purpose, and its main purpose is to illustrate a certain social problem, a certain social phenomenon or a certain reason through these specific examples. In other words, it is useful and meaningful for the questioner to give these examples and what these examples illustrate. Candidates must make full use of these examples and cases, and through the analysis of these examples and cases, explore their significance and serve the following answers. For example, in 2006, a series of examples were listed in the examination paper of the civil service recruitment examination for central state organs:

In recent years, with the rapid development of China's economic situation, some sudden public accidents have also occurred from time to time, such as the outbreak of SARS in 2003, the blowout accident in Kaixian County, Chongqing, the bird flu incident in 2004, the stampede of Hongqiao in Miyun, Beijing, the ammonia gas leakage incident in Huai 'an, Jiangsu, the vaccine incident in Anhui, the streptococcus suis incident in Sichuan in 2005, the attack of a stronger typhoon this year, and the mine accidents again and again. The accumulation of these problems has affected the healthy development of China's economy.

This series of examples actually illustrates a problem, that is, the frequency of public emergencies in China is very high, so it is very important to improve the government's ability to prevent and respond to public emergencies.

2. Analysis and utilization of data

Like specific cases and examples, the data itself may not have much meaning, but the information it illustrates is very meaningful. For example, the negative data listed in a given material may indicate that a situation is bad, the positive data may indicate that a certain aspect is good, and some data with a large gap may indicate that something is progressing rapidly in a good direction, or something is developing rapidly in a bad direction, and so on. For example, in 2006, Guangdong civil service examination materials provided a lot of data, including the following data:

On June 22nd alone, there were as many as 880,000 mass text messages. A Jiangsu user sent 6.5438+0.8 million messages at a time. Sending a short message only earns 17 cents, so 1 00000 messages are 1.700 yuan, and100000 messages are 1.700 yuan.

The above data "one Jiangsu user sends180,000 pieces at a time" shows that mobile phone short messages are flooding now, and it also reflects that operators have basically no restrictions on mobile phone spam messages; As for "sending a short message only earns 17 cents, then 1 00000 is 1.700 yuan, and110000 is 1.700 yuan", it can be seen that the profits of illegal short message advertisements are considerable.

3. Analysis and utilization of one's own views

Some other people's opinions often appear in the given materials of application questions, such as "so-and-so points out ……"; So-and-so thinks that ... we should attach great importance to such other people's views and analyze and make use of them. Generally speaking, the opinions of experts or government officials are authoritative. We must fully read and understand these people's viewpoints, and analyze the causes, roots and countermeasures of the problems reflected in the materials with the help of understanding these viewpoints. For example, in 2008, the examination paper of the civil service recruitment examination for central state organs listed the following views:

E, a professor at Yunnan University, said: "Hydropower development in the middle and lower reaches of the Nujiang River is really not the solution to local people's poverty and economic development. However, the natural resources available for development and utilization in Nujiang Prefecture are very limited, and the living conditions in Nujiang area are beyond ordinary people's imagination. Hydropower development is at least an achievable way and plays an important role in the social and economic development of Nujiang River. "

Director F of an economic research institute believes that only by developing the Nujiang River can there be funds for ecological migration, and it is also possible to prevent vegetation from being destroyed by local people for survival needs. The hydropower construction in Nujiang River fully meets the requirements of circular economy.

Director G of the Institute of Geography of a university in Shanghai pointed out: "It is commendable for the American people to push stranded whales to the sea; Whales are preyed by African refugees, which should also be praised because it saved a group of people. "

Director H of a research office of Yunnan provincial government said that the Nujiang area in northwest Yunnan has a slow economic development and remains the poorest area in Yunnan and even the whole country. 720,000 mu of cultivated land in this area, most of which are "*" hanging on steep slopes. The output value per mu of land is only 33 yuan, and 10 mu of land supports 1 person. The forest industry that supported the local economy in Quanzhou also withdrew from the historical stage in the implementation of environmental protection projects.

The above materials reflect the views of Professor E of Yunnan University, Director G of the Institute of Geography of a university in Shanghai, and Director H of a research office of Yunnan Provincial Government. These three people are experts and scholars involved in hydropower development, and their conversation has certain authority, so we must analyze and understand it. E, a professor at Yunnan University, F, director of an economic research institute, and H, director of a research office of Yunnan provincial government all think that developing Nujiang River is the requirement of developing Nujiang River's social economy. However, Director G of the Institute of Geography of a university in Shanghai thinks that the development of Nujiang River should adopt the attitude of concrete analysis of specific problems. Through the analysis of these other people's viewpoints, we must proceed from the actual situation and adopt a scientific and reasonable attitude to develop the Nujiang River.

4. Use and analyze the successful practices and typical experiences of foreign countries, foreign countries and foreign units.

In a given material, there are often some successful practices and typical experiences of foreign countries, foreign countries and foreign units, which actually reveal some tendentious intentions of the questioner. Professor Mo Yongbo reminds us that we must understand and analyze this information, find out our intentions and lay the foundation for our own countermeasures. For example, in 2008, there were the following materials in the examination paper for the recruitment of civil servants in central state organs:

Tennessee River, located in the southeastern part of the United States, is a secondary tributary of Mississippi River, with a drainage area of 105000 square kilometers and a total length of 1050 kilometers, spanning seven states including Virginia, Mississippi, Tennessee and Kentucky. In the 1920s-1930s, the region was economically backward and its industrial base was weak. Due to the destruction of forests, serious soil erosion, flooding, traffic jams, impassable waterways, environmental degradation, epidemic diseases and backward culture, it has become one of the poorest areas in the United States. 1933, the per capita income of this basin is less than half of the national average.

During World War II, the United States Congress established the Tennessee Valley Authority by legislation, and began a large-scale Tennessee Valley management project. Starting from the construction of hydropower facilities in Tennessee Valley, TVA became a national power supplier in the late 1940s. At present, TVA's annual power revenue reaches 5.7 billion US dollars. TVA maintains soil and water, improves ecological environment, controls floods and expands irrigation area through afforestation and other measures. Through waterway construction, the navigation capacity of 1 1,000 kilometers has been formed. Since 1945, the waterway has attracted more than 3 billion US dollars of private investment, which has accelerated the development of regional industries. Factories along the banks of the river directly provide more than 44,000 employment opportunities and more service opportunities for local residents.

After more than 40 years of planning and construction, the natural resources in Tennessee Valley have been comprehensively and reasonably developed, and the regional economy has been revitalized. By 1977, the average national income ratio of the whole basin has increased by 34 times. It can be said that TVA has changed the life of Tennessee people since the construction of hydropower projects, and built a poor Tennessee into a modern Tennessee with industry as the mainstay and all-round development. Hydropower projects have promoted the all-round development of agriculture, forestry, fisheries, coal mines, tourism and other industries in Tennessee Valley, completely changed the poverty and backwardness here, and made it one of the regions with vibrant economy.

The above-mentioned materials mentioned the advanced experience of the United States in developing the Tennessee Valley: establishing a unified development management organization, taking comprehensive development measures, attracting investment with hydropower projects, providing employment opportunities for local residents, and so on. These empirical measures can provide reference for candidates to put forward countermeasures for the development of Nujiang River.

5. Take advantage of the efforts/work made by the government

In the given materials applied for audit, there are often some descriptions about the work/efforts made by the current government or relevant departments, such as introducing the laws, regulations, policies and measures promulgated by the relevant government to deal with a social problem, the progress in implementing these laws, regulations and policies and measures, the plans, schemes and ideas for solving a social problem, and the achievements and progress in solving a social problem. To illustrate the current progress and achievements in solving a certain problem, as well as a certain degree of mature practice in solving a certain social problem.

With regard to the efforts made by the government and the utilization of the work done by the government, we should first sum up the contents as much as possible, and then make necessary improvements on the basis of these achievements, check and fill the gaps, and put forward higher-level countermeasures.