What is the origin of the official surname?

The official surnames were not listed in Hundred Surnames compiled in the Song Dynasty, and they have not been seen in most books on surnames. But the surname is indeed one of the surnames now. The genealogy of official surnames in Huojia and Wenxian recorded its history of more than 2,000 years from the Han Dynasty to the present, with a long history and rich cultural background. So when and where did the official surname come from? What is the reason? Who are the ancestors? What is the migration distribution? According to the archives, the author researches as follows:

First, Zhou Li's surname has a long history.

Ying Shao in the Eastern Han Dynasty wrote "Popular Meaning and Surnames", which recorded: "A post is Fang's, and a post official is his. Overlooking Yang Shan. " Xu, etc. Edited the book where is your surname, which said: "The official surname originated in the Zhou Dynasty." "According to Zhou Li, there is an official named' Official Party', a subordinate of Xia Guan, who is responsible for maps and tributes from all directions. Some descendants of officials take the word' post' in the official name as their surname. " "Zhou Li" is also called Zhou Guan, so the ancestral hall couplets with the titles of jia county Wangcun and Wenxian Xilin Zhaocun are all "Zhou Guan was given a surname, was an official in the Han Dynasty, and was dressed for a long time; The branch of Yang Shan is connected with Wenzhong Baili Festival. " To sum up, the official surname first appeared in Zhou Li, starting in the Xia Dynasty, taking the official position as the surname, nearly 4,000 years ago.

Second, HongXian position should be called ancestor.

Zhihong is the earliest ancestor of the official surname. According to the inscription written by Qin Long in the sixth year of Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1572) contained in the genealogy of Wang Cun's official surname, and the genealogy sequence of Wu Jianian in Kangxi (A.D. 17 14) and Chen Jianian in Yongzheng (A.D. 1724) in Qing Dynasty, The "address trace" which records that "the official surname was Yuan Di in the Han Dynasty" refers to that when Hong Zhi was the county magistrate of Yang Shan (now Jiaozuo City) in the early Western Han Dynasty and Yuan Dynasty (48 BC ~ 33 BC), when he was in office, "on the one hand, he cracked down on evil spirits, on the other hand, he developed production, and I visited all the people. Those who did not farm cattle and married without money paid attention to capital. The number of refugees from abroad and duty-free food; Pay attention to thrift in school and try to be a good teacher in your spare time. So benevolent government heard the world and was promoted to Yanzhou satrap. A few years later, this is a suggested doctor. Entering and leaving the palace is the pride of the official name.

Third, the ancestors of Yang Shan branch.

In the Western Han Dynasty and the Yuan Dynasty, Hong Zhi was appointed as a doctor to protest against North Korea. Because the prince was demoted, he hung his crown and returned to Wenzhen Mountain in Shanyang County (now Xiuwu County). Later, the family moved from Yangshan to Huojia (then called Xiuwu) and Wenxian, which is the famous "Yang Shan branch" in the history of official surnames. By the end of the Song Dynasty, there were frequent wars on both sides of the Yellow River. He took refuge in Hongdong County, Shanxi Province and lived in Nanpiaoqiao. At this time, the original genealogy has been lost. More than 90 years later, Zhu Yuanzhang established the Ming Dynasty. In order to consolidate the country, he organized the famous "Shanxi Huai Immigrants" in history. According to the immigration policy of "recruiting refugees back to their original places", three of the four brothers are leaving Hongdong County, Shanxi Province. The genealogy of Wang Cun's family, which was awarded in the reign of Emperor Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty (A.D. 17 14), reads: "When my ancestors were in Hongdong, the four brothers jointly wrote, Fu Zu moved to Wenxian County to record the' old site'; Your ancestors moved to Huo's home and said' old site'; It is also true that Rongzu moved to Tianjinwei's current hutong. Huazu still lives in Nanquan Bridge in Hongtong County. From the Han Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty for more than 1,400 years, because there was no spectrum to test before, Hong Dong moved back to his hometown as the beginning. " The two surnames, Huojia Village and Wenxian Xilinzhao Village, have had frequent contacts and close relations since the early Ming Dynasty. The genealogy stipulates that "every child, at noon, at the end of the year and in the whole year, drives each other to worship the ancestors" and stipulates that "the ceremony is not more than a thousand words, but only ten worshippers". Therefore, no matter from "Yang Shan Branch" or "moving to another country", it shows that Wang Zhi Village in Huojia County and Xilinzhao Village in Wenxian County are the ancestral places of world official surnames.

Fourth, the same surname is different.

The traditional Chinese character of "zhi" is "zhi", which is not convenient to write. Some people with surnames are displaced from other places because of the fierce famine and chaos, and because of limited culture, they don't know a few words. As a result, people changed the word "zhi" into words with simple strokes such as "zhi, zhi, zhi, zhi" and became surnames. In the Preface to Official Surnames (A.D. 17 14) in the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty, it was said: "Besides the word' official', there are surnames such as' know, know, know'. Those people who have different words but look different need violence and chaos, their displaced counties, or they are illiterate. The roots of such a book are irrelevant. " Therefore, the surnames of "Zhi, Zhi, Zhi, Zhi" and "Zhi" are homologous and belong to one family.

Migration and distribution of verbs (abbreviation of verb) at home and abroad

After thousands of years of reproduction, people with official surnames have thrived, migrated frequently and emerged in large numbers. Only Jia's surname was obtained. In history, there were 8 juren and 24 tribute students, and officials included judges and county magistrates. Today, there are 38 people with the title of associate high school or above, and there are 10 leaders at or above the county level. The official surname has become a noble family in Huojia, Wenxian and Tianjin. Today, the official surname population is widely distributed, divided into east, west, south and north. Now it has been distributed in the county 13 villages for 27 generations, as well as six cities and counties such as Wuzhi, Huixian, Nanyang, Fangcheng, Hankou and Taikang, and some people have lived in the United States, Canada, France and the Philippines.

Sixth, the site is well known.

Jia ancestral hall has a long history. 1993 reconstruction and expansion. In the first year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1628), the genealogy of the ninth generation Gao Ming and the court portraits in Qing Dynasty were extremely precious. As the saying goes, "state-owned laws must have family rules", and the official surname is a model of legalism. At present, there are still two "family law halls" built in Qing Dynasty. The tomb before 1840 is well preserved. The inscriptions in Ming and Qing dynasties are clear in handwriting and preface, which is a rare and precious local historical material for compiling historical records, and have been designated as county-level cultural relics.

To sum up, the research on official surnames feels that there is a lack of information and the author's level is limited, so I want to discuss it with my colleagues. Huojia county archives