How to briefly describe the historical dispute between Palestine and Israel

Israel is the only Jewish country in the world. The history of the Jews began in the 25th century BC, and their ancestors were Abraham, his son Isaac and his grandson Jacob. At that time, a nationwide famine forced Jacob and his sons, the ancestors of twelve tribes in Israel, to move from Palestine to Egypt, and their descendants became slaves. Centuries later, Moses led the people to leave Egypt, get rid of slavery, run for freedom and finally return to Israel. Around the 20th century BC, Sumerian Canaanites began to settle in the coastal areas and plains of Palestine. BC13rd century, the Philistines established a country along the coast. At the end of 13 BC, Hebrew tribes moved in and settled. In 1 1 century BC, Jews established the Hebrew kingdom, and later Assyria, Babylon, Persia and other foreigners occupied Palestine. In 722 BC, the kingdom of Israel was occupied by Assyrians, and the people were forced into exile (known as the "lost ten tribes" in history). In 586 BC, the Jewish kingdom was conquered by the Babylonians. The invaders destroyed the temple in Jerusalem and sent most of the Jews to Babylon. BC 1 century, the Roman Empire invaded (known as the Crusades) and the Romans occupied Palestine. Jews were displaced because of repeated resistance, while Christians stood on the side of Rome in the late period of the Jewish national uprising, so they grew up instead of being persecuted. The vast majority of Jews flow to all parts of the world. In the 7th century, Palestine became a part of the Arab Empire. Arabs moved in and assimilated with local aborigines, and gradually formed modern Palestinian Arabs. From16th century, Palestine became a part of the Ottoman Empire. 1920, Britain divided Palestine into two with the Jordan River as the boundary. In the east, it is called Outer Jordan (now the Kingdom of Jordan), and in the west, it is still called Palestine (now Israel, the West Bank and the Gaza Strip) as a British trust territory. /kloc-At the end of 0/9, a large number of Jews moved to Palestine at the instigation of the "Zionist Movement", and bloody conflicts with local Arabs continued. Although there are fewer and fewer Jews because of thousands of years of alien rule, Jews have always maintained their presence in this homeland, and the Jewish population has been increasing with the return of Jews scattered in various countries. By the middle of19th century, the sparse Jewish population had surged.

For centuries, Zionism, hoping to return to Zion one day (Zion, traditionally synonymous with Jerusalem and Israel's homeland), has been the pillar of life for Jews scattered around the world. By the end of 19, Jews in eastern Europe were constantly oppressed and persecuted, while Jews in western Europe did not end racial discrimination or integrate Jews into their own society. Their illusions about formal liberation were increasingly disillusioned, making Zionism appear as a national liberation movement. From 65438 to 0897, theodor herzl held the first Zionist Congress in Basel. At the meeting, the Zionist movement became a formal political organization, calling on Jews to return to their homeland Israel and revive Jewish national life in their ancestral homeland. Inspired by Zionism, thousands of Jews began to return home. At that time, this homeland was still a part of the Ottoman Empire, sparsely populated and ignored by the world. Early pioneers drained swamps, reclaimed wasteland, planted trees on bare mountains, established industries and built cities and villages here. They established community institutions and service facilities, and restored Hebrew, which had long been used only for worship and literature, to daily life.

In Palestine, a land and two peoples have been formed. Based on the consideration of "Jews have historical ties with Palestine (the homeland of Israel)" and "rebuilding Jewish homeland in that country", the League of Nations entrusted Britain to rule this homeland in 1922, and specifically charged Britain to "create various political, administrative and economic environments for this country to ensure the establishment of Jewish homeland." In the same year, Britain established the United Arab Emirates (today's Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan) outside Arabia on three-quarters of the territory of this trust territory, leaving only the area west of the Jordan River for the development of Jewish homes. Arab extremist leaders even oppose the establishment of Jewish homes in such a small area. They instigated attacks on the Jewish community and even attacked Arabs who advocated the relationship between Arabs and Jews. At that time, British restrictions on Jewish immigration and settlement did not stop Arab militants, and violent incidents against Jews occurred frequently until the outbreak of World War II.

During World War II, the Nazis killed about 6 million European Jews, including 6.5438+0.5 million children. After the war, despite the urgent need to find shelter for Jews who survived the Nazi Holocaust. However, Britain did not cancel the Jewish immigration quota for this homeland west of the Jordan River. Together with Jews from all over the world, the native Jewish community mobilized all human and material resources and organized an "illegal" immigration movement, which successively transferred 85,000 refugees from Europe to their native land. Arabs have always opposed Jews settling in their homeland, while Jews insisted on lifting the restrictions on Jewish immigration. Without mediation, Britain handed the problem over to the United Nations. On June 29th, the United Nations General Assembly voted 1947, 165438+ to establish two countries in the West Bank: a Jewish state (Israel) and an Arab state (Palestine). The Jews accepted the partition plan, while the Arabs rejected it.

1948 in may, the British trusteeship ended, and the Jews immediately announced the establishment of the state of Israel. Less than 24 hours later, the armies of five Arab countries invaded the new country. This war of Israeli independence has been going on and off for more than a year. 1in July, 949, an armistice agreement was signed with neighboring Arab countries based on the ceasefire line. In the founding declaration, Israel stated that it "extends a hand of peace and good neighborliness to all neighboring countries and their peoples". Although successive Israeli prime ministers have reiterated this call, it has always been rejected or ignored by Arab countries. In 1956 and 1967, Israel launched a pre-emptive attack in response to deliberate provocation. 1973, Israel repelled the full-scale attack launched by Arab neighbors from three fronts at the same time.

From 65438 to 0977, Egyptian President Sadat visited Jerusalem at the invitation of Premier Beijing, thus breaking the deadlock that Arab countries refused to make peace. This visit led to negotiations between the two sides, which resulted in the signing of the Egyptian-Israeli Peace Treaty and the conclusion of the Camp David Agreement on March 26, 1979, including relevant provisions for achieving peace in the Middle East and arrangements for the future status of Judea, Samaria and Gaza administered by Israel since 1967. 1982, Israel took action to destroy the base of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) for terrorist activities in southern Lebanon due to repeated terrorist attacks on residents in northern Galilee. After that, the Arab-Israeli conflict focused on the Palestinian Arab side. (1947 1 1 General Assembly resolution 18 1 stipulates that Jerusalem should be internationalized. Israel occupied the whole of Jerusalem in the wars of 1948 and 1967, and declared the unification of Jerusalem in July 1980. 1988165438+10 In October, the extraordinary session of the Palestinian National Council19 adopted the Declaration of Independence, declaring Jerusalem as the newly established capital of Palestine. )

Israel believes that the parties concerned can only solve the problem through direct negotiations. Therefore, it welcomes the opportunity for dialogue provided by the Middle East Peace Conference held in Madrid on130 October under the auspices of the United States and Russia. The meeting brought together delegations from Israel, Lebanon, Syria, Jordan and Palestine, which laid the foundation for Israel's subsequent bilateral negotiations with each Arab neighbor and multilateral talks to solve regional problems. At present, Lebanon, Syria and Palestine, mainly Palestine, have territorial disputes with Israel. Palestinians are dissatisfied with the demarcation of national boundaries based on the July cease-fire line of 1949, and vowed to recapture the Gaza Strip and let Israelis withdraw from Jerusalem.

Israel believes that the parties concerned can only solve the problem through direct negotiations. Therefore, it welcomes the opportunity for dialogue provided by the Middle East Peace Conference held in Madrid on130 October under the auspices of the United States and Russia. The meeting brought together delegations from Israel, Lebanon, Syria, Jordan and Palestine, which laid the foundation for Israel's subsequent bilateral negotiations with each Arab neighbor and multilateral talks to solve regional problems. At present, Lebanon, Syria and Palestine, mainly Palestine, have territorial disputes with Israel. Palestinians are dissatisfied with the demarcation of national boundaries based on the July cease-fire line of 1949, and vowed to recapture the Gaza Strip and let Israelis withdraw from Jerusalem.

To sum up, the Jewish nation is a troubled nation, and the whole Jewish history is also a history of blood and tears. Although Israel has established its own country, there are frequent disputes and contradictions with neighboring Arab countries, especially Palestine. It is not easy for Jews to survive in the cracks. Due to historical reasons, Israel's feelings towards western countries are very complicated. In order to survive, they have to rely on western countries. The closer they get to western countries, the more hatred they cause in Arab countries. After World War II, the Palestinian state has not been formally established, nor has it been officially recognized by the United Nations. The reasons are as follows: Palestinians never recognize the legitimacy of the state of Israel; In history, Arab countries opposed Israel, which led to four Middle East wars. Israel also rejected the United Nations General Assembly resolution on the establishment of a Palestinian state; European and American powers support Israel. The sharp contradiction between Palestine and Israel has caused serious opposition between the Arab world and Israel for a long time.